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Biomedical subjects

Y Kuroda

Publications and source records attributed to Y Kuroda.

At least 559 records · Page 31Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Immunoblastic lymphadenopathy in a five-month-old girl: successful treatment with immunosuppressants.

A five-month-old girl developed high fever, erythema, hepatosplenomegaly and generalized lymphadenopathy. Laboratory examinations revealed elevated peripheral leukocyte counts, C-reactive protein, lactate dehydrogenase and serum ferritin level. Pathologic examination of the lymph nodes revealed immunoblastic lymphadenopathy (IBL) on the basis of the complete effacement of the normal architecture, replacement by a diffuse infiltrate composed of immunoblasts, plasmacytoid cells and small lymphocytes, and an abortive proliferation of blood vessels. B-cells and T-cells were nearly equally mixed throughout the lymph nodes. No rearrangements of the B-cell immunoglobulin and T-cell receptor genes were detected. The patient was initially treated with alpha-interferon with dramatic efficacy. After relapse, however, the disease was well controlled with cyclosporin A (CyA) and subsequently with combination regimens of CyA, deoxyspagarin and azathioprine with fair success. An alternating regimen of 6-mercaptopurine, cyclophosphamide and methotrexate was then instituted which continued the complete remission for 12 months. The effects of immunosuppressants in the treatment of IBL merit investigation.

Azathioprine↗
PubMed1994

[Neurophysiologic studies on patients with migration disorder].

Neurophysiologic studies on six patients (five lissencephaly and one schizencephaly) with migration disorder were performed in order to evaluate the CNS function by multimodality evoked potentials. All cases revealed abnormalities in SSEP, four cases lost components below P 3 or had low voltage of P 3 indicating brainstem dysfunction in the somatosensory pathway. Two cases lost component below N 1 indicating sensory cortical dysfunction. Three cases revealed ABR abnormalities including a low amplitude of wave V, and one case revealed a prolonged peak latency of wave I and a low amplitude of all components. Two cases revealed abnormalities of poor cortical components in SEP, two cases in VEP, and three cases in MLR. Five cases had normal findings in P-SEP and three cases in VEP. The result of this study demonstrates that patients with migration disorder are frequently associated with cortical, brainstem and peripheral dysfunctions and has heterogeneity in pathophysiology.

Brain↗
PubMed1994

[Serum beta-N-acetyl hexosaminidase as a new marker of graft viability in canine orthotopic liver transplantation].

We investigated the correlation between graft viability and serum beta-N-acetyl hexosaminidase (beta-NAH), a well characterized circulatory lysosomal enzyme degraded specifically by the Kupffer cell. Orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) was performed in 17 dogs; Group I, 1 hr preservation and survival beyond 3 days; Group II, 1 hr preservation and survival less than 2 days; Group III, 20 hr preservation. Serum beta-NAH was compared with AST and TBA. Serum beta-NAH (nmol/ml/hr) reached the peak values of 611 +/- 125, 1227 +/- 310 and 3952 +/- 685 until 6 hr after reperfusion in groups I, II and III, respectively. AST (IU/L) reached the peak levels of 929 +/- 350, 1581 +/- 396 and 1945 +/- 394 at 24 hr in groups I, II and III, respectively. TBA (mumol/l) reached the peak levels at a time point immediately before reperfusion in group I (37.9 +/- 7.8) and II (42.5 +/- 8.4), whereas prolonged elevation was still continued even after reperfusion in group III. AST gave significant separation only after 24 hr (p < 0.01) between groups I and II and at 15 min (p < 0.01) between groups I and III. In contrast, beta-NAH and TBA showed significant separation between groups I and II at 4 hr (p < 0.01) and between groups I and III at 15 min (p < 0.01). These results suggest that serum beta-NAH is an early, sensitive marker of graft function reflecting both hepatic cellular damage and functional recovery of the reticuloendothelial system.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

[Infantile spasms with localized cerebral lesion detected by 99mTcHMPAO-SPECT].

We experienced a 6-month-old girl with infantile spasms who had localized cerebral lesion detected by 99mTcHMPAO-SPECT. She was born vaginally after a full term uncomplicated delivery with a birth weight of 3,100 g. She developed emprosthotonic spasms with series formation and EEG showed asymmetric periodic hypsarrhythmia which was predominant in the right hemisphere. While MRI could not detected any focal lesion, 99mTcHMPAO-SPECT disclosed hypoperfusion at the right anterior temporal and frontal areas. Although vitamin B6, clonazepam and sodium valproate were administered with no remarkable benefit, the treatment with ACTH-Z or carbamazepine resulted in cessation of spasms and improvement of the EEG findings. Consequently, the study with 99mTcHMPAO-SPECT was useful to clarify the pathology of infantile spasms, and we concluded that a patient with localized cerebral lesions should be given carbamazepine.

Brain↗
PubMed1994

[Developmental changes in proton MR spectroscopy of the brain].

Volume-selective proton MR spectroscopy (1H-MRS) of the brain was performed on a 1.5 T magnet in 31 healthy children aged from 1 month to 15 years and one healthy adult. Peaks of N-acetylaspartate (NAA), choline (Cho) and creatine (Cr) were observed in all cases on 1H-MRS, but not lactate. On 1H-MRS of the right parietal region, with advancing age, 1H-MRS revealed an increase in the ratios of NAA to Cho and NAA to Cr and a decrease in Cho to Cr. The most rapid change was noted during the first one to three years of life. 1H-MRS of the right frontal region was also performed in eleven cases. The ratio of NAA/Cho was smaller in the right frontal region than in the right parietal region. From this result, it may be suggested that the neuronal maturation in the frontal region delays as compared with the parietal region.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

[MRI measurements of the brain stem and cerebellum in high functioning autistic children].

To determine involvements of the brain stem and/or cerebellum in autism, we compared midsagittal magnetic resonance images of the brains of high functioning autistic children with those of normal controls. We found that the midbrain and medulla oblongata were significantly smaller in these autistic children than in the control children. The pons area did not differ between the two groups, nor was there any difference in the cerebellar vermis area. The ratio of the brain stem and cerebellum to the posterior fossa area did not differ significantly between the high functioning autistic and the control children. The development of the cerebellar vermis area was delayed in autistic children as compared with that in the control children. Thus, it was suggested that significant anatomical changes in the midbrain and medulla oblongata existed in the autistic children.

Aging↗
PubMed1993

Frequency of synchronous oscillations of neuronal activity increases during development and is correlated to the number of synapses in cultured cortical neuron networks.

It has been proposed that synchronous oscillations of groups of neurons corresponding to sensory information and changes in temporal pattern of oscillations are important for processing of the information in the cortex. However, it has not been determined yet how the temporal or spatial pattern of such oscillations are regulated. We observed spontaneous synchronous oscillations of Ca2+ transients, which were caused by bursts of action potentials of neurons, even in cultured cortical neurons. The frequency of synchronous Ca2+ oscillations increased with development of synapses in cultured neurons and was highly correlated to the number of synapses formed in the same culture.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Autopsy report of acute necrotizing opticomyelopathy associated with thyroid cancer.

We report an autopsied case of paraneoplastic necrotizing myelopathy. The patient had bilateral blindness, quadriplegia, and dyspnea of acute onset and died without remission 7 weeks later. The severe tissue necrosis and demyelination were found in the optic chiasm and from the medulla oblongata throughout the whole length of spinal cord. A papillary carcinoma was found in the thyroid gland at autopsy. In the present case IgG, myelin basic protein and activated helper T cells were increased in the CSF at onset, suggesting a mechanism of autoimmune demyelination for the condition.

Autoimmune Diseases↗
PubMed1993

Differential effect of subchronic dexamethasone treatment on serotonin-2 and beta-adrenergic receptors in the rat cerebral cortex and hippocampus.

The effect of the 10-day dexamethasone administration on serotonin-2 (5-HT2) and beta-adrenergic receptor binding sites was evaluated in rat cerebral cortex and hippocampus. The dexamethasone treatment (1, 2 and 5 mg/kg) significantly increased the density of the 5-HT2 receptor binding sites in a dose-dependent manner, whereas a decreased density of beta-adrenergic receptor binding sites was observed in rat cortex. In contrast, there were no significant differences in the densities of the 5-HT2 or beta-adrenergic receptor binding sites in rat hippocampus using dexamethasone. The results suggest that dexamethasone differentially modulates the 5-HT2 and beta-adrenergic receptor binding sites in rat brain.

Animals↗