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Biomedical subjects

Y Kudo

Publications and source records attributed to Y Kudo.

At least 325 records · Page 18Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Nizofenone administration in the acute stage following subarachnoid hemorrhage. Results of a multi-center controlled double-blind clinical study.

A multi-center controlled double-blind clinical study was carried out to evaluate the effects of nizofenone in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage who were treated within 2 weeks of the ictus. The test drug was administered as an addition to conventional therapy, which was maintained during the study. Of 208 patients studied, 102 were treated with nizofenone and 106 with placebo. Treatment with nizofenone was significantly more effective (p less than 0.05) than that with placebo based on functional recovery and other clinical findings. Although no significant difference was found in mortality rate between the nizofenone- and placebo-treated groups, a higher percentage of survivors in the former group exhibited a good outcome (p less than 0.05). The effects of nizofenone administration were found to be especially notable in patients with delayed ischemic symptoms, moderately severe preoperative deficits (Hunt and Hess Grade II or III), and diffuse high-density areas in pre- and postoperative computerized tomography scans. No significant side effects were observed.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Cytosolic calcium elevation and cGMP production induced by serotonin in a clonal cell of glial origin.

It has been shown recently that astroglial cells of the mammalian CNS possess receptors for neurotransmitters. In order to analyze what sequences of cellular events occur upon activation of these glial receptors, we utilized a 5-HT receptor in a rat clonal cell of glial origin as a model system. When the C6BU-1 glioma cells were exposed to 5-HT, the cytosolic Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) was elevated and the cellular content of cGMP was increased in a dose-dependent manner. 5-HT receptor antagonists and a Ca2+ entry blocker suppressed the increases in both [Ca2+]i and cGMP. The magnitude of the cGMP increment depended on the environmental Ca2+ concentration and was totally blocked by Ca2+ depletion. Application of a Ca2+ ionophore increased [Ca2+]i and cGMP. There was a tendency for extremely high [Ca2+]i to suppress the cGMP increment. On the contrary, membrane-permeable cyclic nucleotide analogs failed to increase [Ca2+]i. These results suggest that the following sequence of events occurs in 5-HT-induced C6BU-1 cells: activation of 5-HT receptors, Ca2+ influx, a rise in [Ca2+]i, activation of guanylate cyclase, and, finally, activation of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

[Fundamental and clinical studies of imipenem/cilastatin sodium in the field of obstetrics and gynecology].

Fundamental and clinical studies of a new carbapenem antibiotic, imipenem/cilastatin sodium (MK-0787/MK-0791), were carried out to evaluate the drug in treating infections of the female genital organs. The following results were obtained: In 4 patients undergoing hysterectomy, the penetration of MK-0787 and MK-0791 into female genital organ tissues was studied following a 30-minute intravenous drip infusion of MK-0787/MK-0791 500 mg/500 mg. Plasma levels of MK-0787 and MK-0791 in cubital venous blood following the drip infusion peaked at 0 minute with values of 51.2 micrograms/ml and 61.9 micrograms/ml, respectively, then decreased to 1.9 micrograms/ml and 0.7 microgram/ml, respectively, at 201 minutes. MK-0787 penetrated readily to female genital organ tissues and levels of the drug exceeded 0.5 approximately 1.9 micrograms/g in various organ tissues at 201 minutes following an intravenous drip infusion of 500 mg/500 mg of MK-0787/MK-0791. Clinically, MK-0787/MK-0791 was used for the treatment of obstetrical and gynecological infections at a dosage of 500 mg/500 mg twice daily by intravenous drip infusion. Clinical effects of MK-0787/MK-0791 were analyzed in 22 patients, including 9 patients with intrauterine infections, 7 with intrapelvic infections, 5 with adnexitis, and 1 with an external genital infection. Excellent responses were seen in 5 patients (22.7%), good responses in 15 (68.2%), and poor responses in 2 (9.1%). The efficacy ratio was 90.9%. After the treatment, 15 out of 18 isolates were eradicated for an 83.3% eradication rate. All strains of S. epidermidis (2 strains), Eubacterium lentum (1 strain), Peptococcus sp. (1 strain), beta-Streptococcus (1 strain), Gram-positive rods (2 strains), Enterobacter cloacae (1 strain), Bacteroides bivius (1 strain), Pseudomonas sp. (1 strain), Pseudomonas cepacia (1 strain) and Gram-negative rods (1 strain) were eradicated by the MK-0787/MK-0791 treatment. The safety of the drug was analyzed in 22 patients, effects occurred in 3 (13.6%). Among those 3 patients, diarrhea occurred in 1 patient, rash in another and nausea and vomiting in yet another. One patient had an increased BUN after the MK-0787/MK-0791 treatment. In the other 21 patients, no abnormalities in creatinine, GOT, GPT, or T. Bil. values were observed. It may be concluded that MK-0787/MK-0791 is useful for the treatment of obstetrical and gynecological infections.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Opposite actions of forskolin at pre- and postsynaptic sites in rat sympathetic ganglia.

In isolated rat superior cervical ganglia, forskolin, a powerful activator of adenylate cyclase, augmented the amplitude of fast excitatory postsynaptic potentials. Quantal analysis showed that forskolin acts presynaptically to facilitate the release of the transmitter. The time course of the presynaptic action of forskolin paralleled that of the increase in cyclic AMP level in the ganglia. In addition, forskolin exerted a postsynaptic action on the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor so that the acetylcholine-induced depolarization was depressed. The action of forskolin on the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor seems to be unrelated to the cyclic AMP system.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Somatosensory evoked potentials in patients with thalamic lesions.

Somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) were recorded in 20 patients with thalamic lesions confirmed by CT (10 with infarction, 10 with haemorrhage). The changes in SEP configuration are discussed in their relationship to clinical symptoms. Four types of SEP abnormality produced by thalamic lesion are distinguished: (1) "FF" type, (2) "N20/P23 dissociation" type, (3) "N18/N20 false shift" type, and (4) "reduced early component" type. It was shown that clinically similar lesions might produce different SEP patterns.

Aged↗
PubMed1985

[Effect of KC-404 on experimental cerebral infarction in rats].

Experimental cerebral infarction accompanying altered cerebral energy metabolism and cerebral edema was produced in rats by injecting arachidonate into the left carotid artery. In the present study, the effects of 3-isobutyryl-2-isopropylpyrazolo [1,5-alpha]pyridine (KC-404) on these ischemic insults as well as on the regional cerebral blood flow (r-CBF) were studied. 1) Cerebral metabolism: On the 7th day of infarction, a significant decrease in ATP content and an increase in glucose content were observed, especially in the left hemisphere. There were no significant changes in lactate and pyruvate contents as compared with normal rat brain. Treatment with KC-404 (10 mg/kg, p.o.) once on the 7th day or twice on the 6th and 7th days of infarction caused a significant increase in ATP content and a decrease in lactate content. Increased content of glucose tended to be suppressed by KC-404. In normal rats, KC-404 (10 mg/kg, p.o.) caused slight but significant increases in cerebral ATP, glucose and pyruvate contents. 2) Cerebral edema: On the 4th day of infarction, significant increases in water content and Na+/K+ ratio and a decrease in K+ content were observed in the left hemisphere. Treatment with KC-404 (10 mg/kg, p.o.) for three preceding days showed a significant suppression of increased water content with a tendency to improve altered electrolyte levels. 3) r-CBF: KC-404 (0.05 mg/kg/min) infused i.v. for 15 min increased more markedly the r-CBF in the affected left hemisphere as compared with that in normal brain.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗