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Biomedical subjects

Y Kubo

Publications and source records attributed to Y Kubo.

At least 433 records · Page 24Linked to original sources
PubMed1978

Anti-riboflavin activity of 8N-alkyl analogues of roseoflavin in some Gram-positive bacteria.

Three new 8N-alkyl analogues of roseoflavin (MM), i.e., 8-ethylamino- (EH), 8-methylethylamino- (ME), 8-diethylamino-8-demethyl-D-riboflavin (EE), their tetraacetates, and 8-amino-8-demethyl-D-riboflavin (HH) tetraacetate, were synthesized. A relation between the anti-riboflavin activity and the chemical structure of 8N-alkyl analogues (8N-methyl, ethyl) was studied by a restoration by riboflavin (RF) of inhibitory effect of the analogues on a growth of Gram-positive bacteria, i.e., Sarcina lutea, Bacillus cereus, and Staphylococcus aureus. The inhibitory effect of most of the analogues was restored by RF. But in some cases, i.e., 8-methylamino-8-demethyl-D-riboflavin (MH) in Sar. lutea and MM in Staph. aureus, the effect was not completely restored. Apparently, the inhibition in early phase of growth was restored, but the maximum growth was still suppressed. The non-alkylated amino analogue (HH) showed only unrestorable suppression of maximum growth in Sar. lutea. Of restorable effect by RF of N-alkyl analogues, approximate decreasing orders of anti-RF activity were as follows. Dialkylated analogue greater than monoalkylated. HH showed insignificant anti-RF activity. In each group, methylated analogue greater than ethylated. In B. cereus monoalkylated analogues, and in Staph. aureus monoalkylated and EE showed no significant inhibitory effect. Redox potentials of the N-alkyl analogues were measured, and a definite relation between the chemical structure and the potential was found (RF = EE greater than ME greater than MM greater than HH greater than EH greater than MH). But the anti-RF activity of the analogues was not completely explained by the difference of the redox potential from RF.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1978

Detection of hepatocellular carcinoma during a clinical follow-up of chronic liver disease: observations in 31 patients.

In 31 patients with an initial diagnosis of cirrhosis or chronic hepatitis hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) was detected after a clinical follow-up of 8 months to 14 years with an average of 59 months. They had had no scintigraphic and biochemical abnormalities suggestive of HCC at the beginning. The follow-up period before the detection of carcinoma was shorter in patients positive for hepatitis B surface antigen compared with those negative for hepatitis B surface antigen. Analyses of clinical data during the follow-up and liver scans made shortly before tumor detection suggested that in most of these patients HCC became discernible relatively early in the course of cirrhosis or long before cirrhosis reached an advanced stage. A sharp rise in serum alpha-fetoprotein level proved highly diagnostic in 11, it remained low throughout in 7, and tumor was already unresectable in the majority. Although continuous and regular check for alpha-fetoprotein is imperative in patients with chronic liver disease, particularly in those with hepatitis B surface antigenemia, additional diagnostic tools are necessary for the detection of small HCC in its resectable stage.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Analysis of the circuitry responsible for primary afferent depolarization in the trigeminal spinal nucleus caudalis of cats.

Depth analysis was performed on the field potential evoked by stimulation of the infraorbital nerve in the trigeminal spinal nucleus caudalis and the subjacent lateral reticular formation of cats. It was shown by dye marking of the recording positions that each subnucleus of the nucleus caudalis (subnucleus marginalis, gelatinosus and magnocellularis) and the reticular formation could be differentiated from one another by the characteristics of the peripherally evoked field potentials. Responses of neurons were extracellularly recorded in the subnuclei gelatinosus and magnocellularis of the nucleus caudalis and in the reticular formation to stimulation of the trigeminal sensory branches (the frontal, infraorbital and lingual nerves), the nucleus ventralis posteromedialis of the thalamus and the cerebral cortex. The properties of the neurons were studied in relation to their thresholds, latencies, receptive fields (sensory branches effective for spike generation) and frequency-following capacities. These responses were then compared with properties of the PAD induced in the fibers terminating in the nucleus caudalis by similar peripheral and central stimulation. It was found that the neurons in the subnucleus magnocellularis were the most likely candidates for the interneurons mediating the peripherally evoked disynaptic PAD in the trigeminal nerve fibers terminating in the nucleus caudalis.

Afferent Pathways↗
PubMed1977

Clinical aspects of intrahepatic bile duct carcinoma including hilar carcinoma: a study of 57 autopsy-proven cases.

The clinical features of 57 autopsied cases of intrahepatic bile duct carcinoma including 28 cases of the peripheral type (cholangiocarcinoma in the narrow sense) and 29 cases of the hilar type are described in comparison with those of hepatocellular carcinoma, with a review of the literature on the clinicopathological aspects of intrahepatic bile duct carcinoma. As compared with hepatocellular carcinoma, the average age of the patients was older; the male predominance was not obvious, chronic parenchymal liver disease was infrequent in the past history, association of primary cirrhosis was seldom, cholestatic features were frequently the early signs and more pronounced during the course, the liver was enlarged to a lesser extent, ascites was less common, signs of portal hypertension were absent or minimal, and extrahepatic metastases were less frequent. In many respects, the hilar type resembled extrahepatic bile duct carcinoma, and the peripheral type was somewhat between it and hepatocellular carcinoma. Although the overall survival was not much different from that for hepatocellular carcinoma, early diagnosis is emphasized; this would make surgical management possible. Differential diagnosis from hepatocellular carcinoma may be possible in the majority with direct cholangiography, liver scan, celiac angiography, determination of alpha-fetoprotein and hepatitis B antigen, and blood chemistry such as SGOT, SLDH, serum bilirubin and alkaline phosphatase. Illustrative cases are given including one patient with a hilar carcinoma who survived for more than 2 years after transhepatic biliary drainage.

Adenoma, Bile Duct↗
PubMed1977

Serum glutamic oxalacetic transaminase/glutamic pyruvic transaminase ratios in hepatocellular carcinoma.

Serum enzyme activities were studied in 131 cases of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), 76 cases of metastatic liver carcinomas (MLC) and 234 cases of hepatic cirrhosis. SGOT was elevated above SGPT in most of the time in these patients, SGOT/SGPT was greater in HCC compared with other groups, and that this ratio increased during the preterminal period more markedly in patients with HCC because of the significant increase of SGOT in the face of relatively stable SGPT. Preterminal rises of alkaline phosphatase and LDH activities were more pronounced in MLC. Leucine aminopeptidase activity exhibited no characteristic feature of diagnostic value. Of the five enzymes, SGOT changes were more closely correlated with the growth of HCC; SGPT reflected more of the liver parenchymal damage while SGOT was probably accounted for in part by tumor-derived GOT. Other clinical and pathological implications are discussed.

Alanine Transaminase↗
PubMed1977

Clinicopathologic features of encapsulated hepatocellular carcinoma: a study of 26 cases.

The clinicopathologic features of 26 cases of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) surrounded by a grossly distinct capsule-like fibrous tissue were studied. The frequency of this type was 10.3% among autopsy cases of HCC. The mean age of the patients was 64.1 years, which was significantly older compared with that of 143 cases of nonencapsulated HCC. Hepatitis-B surface antigen in serum was positive in 18.7% of the cases studied, the positivity rate being lower than that of HCC in general. Histologically, the tumor was relatively well differentiated and the capsule was the product of slow expanding growth. Intravenous tumor invasion was less frequent compared with other types of HCC. Clinically, celiac angiography proves to be a most useful diagnostic method; a thick capsule may be demonstrated as a thin radiolucent rim around the mass. The clinical course from the early stage is protracted and, if detected early, this type of HCC may be removed surgically.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Angiographic demonstration of intrahepatic arterio-portal anastomoses in hepatocellular carcinoma.

Hepatic angiograms of 114 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) were studied, particularly changes in the portal vein branches. Arterio-portal shunts of varying sizes, evidenced by opacification of intrahepatic portal branches, were seen in 72 cases (63.2%), with retrograde opacification of the portal vein trunk in 29 (25.4%). At least four types of shunts were found: (a) through a tumor thrombus in the portal branch, (b) in a retrograde direction via a peripheral tumor nodule, (c) through a small tumor invading or amputating an artery, and (d) through a tumor located near a major portal vein branch and supplied by a large, coiling artery. Postmortem angiography of the liver in 50 patients with HCC suggests that arterio-portal shunts are the result of the special vasculature in HCC and are highly diagnostic when accompanied by other angiographic changes.

Carcinoma, Hepatocellular↗
PubMed1977

Angiographic assessment of gross anatomy of hepatocellular cardinoma: comparison of celiac angiograms and liver pathology in 100 cases.

Of 190 sets selective celiac and/or hepatic angiograms obtained in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), comparison with gross anatomy of the liver was subsequently made by autopsy in 77 and by surgery in 23. It was found that the gross anatomy of HCC can be assessed with certain accuracy by careful interpretation of the angiograms, because tumor vasculature and vascular alterations in the noncancerous parenchyma are closely related to the mode of tumor growth, size of tumor nodules and their distribution. Even a fibrous capsule of the tumor may be discerned as a radiolucent zone around the tumor contour. Diagnosis of the gross anatomical type of HCC is important to the selection of therapeutic measure and assessment of prognosis.

Angiography↗
PubMed1977

Antibody to hepatitis B core antigen in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma.

Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), anti-HBs, and anti-HB core (HBc) were measured in 124 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in comparison with 299 control subjects of comparable ages, and in 48 cases of chronic hepatitis and 52 cases of hepatic cirrhosis. It was found that 72.6% of the HCC patients were positive for anti-HBc, and 80.6% were positive for at least one test, whereas in the control, anti-HBc was positive in 30.1% and 34.1% were positive for at least one test, the differences between the two groups being significant (P less than 0.01). The frequencies of positive tests for HBsAg and anti-HBc were the highest in HCC followed in decreasing order by cirrhosis, chronic hepatitis and the control group. A possible role of HB virus infection in hepatocellular carcinoma is discussed in relation to other factors.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

[Clinical experience with S-6436 in urinary tract infections (author's transl)].

S-6436 is a new preparation of sustained release cephalexin. Twenty-eight patients with urinary tract infections were orally given 500mg of S-6436 twice a day for about 7 days, and the following results were obtained: 1) Excellent clinical responses were observed in 8 cases, good in 18 cases and failure in 2 cases. Effectiveness was 93%. 2) As for the side effect, gastrointestinal symptoms were observed in one case out of 28 cases, but they disappeared after the completion of the treatment. No other side effects due to S-6436 were observed. S-6436 has as much effectiveness and safety as compared with usual cephalexin preparations. The frequency of the administration of S-6436 is twice a day, which means that S-6436 is more convenient in giving it to patients than usual cephalexin preparations.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1977

Hepatitis B surface antigenemia in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma in relation to clinical course and alpha-fetoprotein.

Hepatitis B surface antigen was determined in sera of 122 cases of hepatocellular carcinoma seen in Japan, using both the counterimmunoelectrophoresis and radioimmunoassay (RIA) techniques. It was positive in 49.2% of the patients with RIA, but the level of antigen in serum was relatively low since positivity rate by counterimmunoelectrophoresis was only 10.7%, The degree of antigenemia as assessed from the count relative to the cut-off value in RIA, was increased during the clinical course in 75% of the patients. The antigen tended to rise in concentration when the tumor grew at a rapid rate, when damage to liver parenchyma was extensive, or in patients receiving chemotherapy. There was also a tendency for less frequent positive antigen tests in patients with higher alpha-fetoprotein levels. Illustrative cases are presented with discussion on the possible explanation for the change in the degree of antigenemia.

Carcinoma, Hepatocellular↗
PubMed1977

Clinicopathological studies of minute hepatocellular carcinoma. Analysis of 20 cases, including 4 with hepatic resection.

Sixteen necropsies and 4 cases of hepatic resection in which the liver had a solitary hepatocellular carcinoma smaller than 4.5 cm, or a few tumor nodules smaller than 3.5 cm, have been analyzed. Clinically, these patients presented with signs and symptoms compatible with cirrhosis and, of the 16 autopsy cases only 2 had been diagnosed correctly. In all but 4 cases, the noncancerous parenchyma showed advanced cirrhosis of the mixed type, with irregularly sized multilobular nodules and thin strands of stroma, different from typical alcoholic cirrhosis. The primary lesion was grossly encapsulated in the majority, suggesting a slow, expanding growth. Histologically, most primaries were relatively well differentiated. Serum alpha-fetoprotein was generally low, and it served as the major diagnostic clue in only 5 cases. In patients with mildly abnormal alpha-fetoprotein levels, continuous monitoring seems important in order to detect a steady rise, the first warning for tumor growth.

Adult↗