Na+/HCO3- cotransporter in basolateral membrane of proximal tubule.
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Basement Membrane↗
Biomedical subjects
Y Kondo
Publications and source records attributed to Y Kondo.
Spectrum of coherent synchrotron radiation in the far-infrared region.
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Journal Article↗
Enhanced replication of herpes simplex virus by hexamethylene bisacetamide.
Hexamethylene bisacetamide (HMBA) is a potent inducer of differentiation of tumor cells. The effect of HMBA on cell growth and replication of herpes simplex virus (HSV) was investigated in HEp-2 epidermal cells, IMR-32 neuronal cells, K562 myeloid cells, Daudi Burkitt lymphoma cells, and CCRF-CEM T-lymphoid cells. The growth of HEp-2 and IMR-32 cells was not affected by HMBA at concentrations from 0.5 through 2 mM. The growth of K562, Daudi, and CCRF-CEM cells was inhibited by HMBA at concentrations from 1 through 5 mM. When HSV-infected cells were incubated with 0.5 through 5 mM HMBA, a dose-dependent increase in virus yield was observed in HEp-2 and IMR-32 cells, but not in the other cell lines. These findings indicate that HMBA enhances the replication of HSV in epidermal and neuronal cells and that HMBA therapy may be responsible for the development of herpetic lesions.
Acetamides↗
P2-purinergic activation of phosphoinositide turnover is potentiated by A1-receptor stimulation in thyroid cells.
We recently discovered that in FRTL-5 cells the P1-purinergic agonist PIA (phenylisopropyladenosine) markedly enhanced P2-purinergic agonist-induced responses in an IAP (islet-activating protein or pertussis toxin)-sensitive manner. In this study we tested PIA and other P1 agonists for their permissive effects on GTP (a P2 agonist)-induced inositol phosphate production and arachidonate release and found that the order of potency was PIA = CHA (cyclohexyladenosine) greater than NECA (N-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine) = CADO (chloradenosine). The P1 agonists also caused an inhibition of thyrotropin-induced cAMP increase in FRTL-5 cells as well as a stimulation of cAMP accumulation in IAP-treated cells. The order of potency was very similar for phosphoinositide turnover, arachidonate release and cAMP inhibition, and therefore suggestive of an adenosine A1 receptor type. As for cAMP stimulation, CADO, PIA and CHA were weaker than NECA and thus in agreement with the A2 receptor type. The order of potency of four adenosine antagonists also revealed a similarity between arachidonate release and cAMP inhibition and a difference for arachidonate release and cAMP stimulation. These results indicate that both A1- and A2-receptor subtypes are present in FRTL-5 cells and that extracellular adenosine enhances the P2-purinergic agonist-induced responses by stimulating an A1 receptor which is coupled to an IAP-sensitive G-protein(s).
Adenosine↗
Effect of bismuth nitrate given in combination with cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II) on the antitumor activity and renal toxicity of the latter in nude mice inoculated with human bladder tumor.
The effects of bismuth nitrate pretreatment on the toxicity and antitumor activity of cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (cisplatin, CDDP) were examined in nude mice that had been inoculated with human bladder-tumor tissue. Pretreatment with bismuth nitrate depressed the renal toxicity of CDDP without compromising its activity against a transplantable human bladder tumor. Renal metallothionein (MT) and bismuth (Bi) levels in nude mice were markedly increased by Bi preadministration, but no significant MT induction was observed in inoculated human bladder-tumor tissue in which only a trace amount of Bi was incorporated. Furthermore, it was confirmed that tumor platinum (Pt) concentrations in CDDP-treated mice were not affected by Bi pretreatment. Thus, the administration of Bi compounds prior to chemotherapy with CDDP may provide an effective mode of treatment for advanced bladder tumors.
Animals↗
Pulmonary oedema after airway obstruction due to bilateral vocal cord paralysis.
We report a case of pulmonary oedema which developed after airway obstruction due to bilateral vocal cord paralysis. The patient was a 52-yr-old woman undergoing craniotomy for an acoustic neuroma. Anaesthesia was uneventful. Spontaneous ventilation resumed after reversal of neuromuscular blockade. Following extubation she showed signs of airway obstruction and dyspnoea. The trachea was reintubated but she became hypoxic, PaO2-36 mmHg, produced pink frothy secretions and the x-ray was typical of pulmonary oedema. The oedema cleared within 24 hr. Tracheostomy was performed one week later as the cords were still fixed, but the latter had recovered by three months and the tracheostomy was closed. The cause of the cord paralysis is unknown but probably was a result of surgical trauma to the brain stem.
Airway Obstruction↗
The use of the laryngeal mask airway in pediatric anesthesia.
Laryngeal mask airway (LMA) insertion was tried in 120 pediatric cases, from 2 months to 12 years of age. Initial indications for LMA were the same as for a face mask, except for two additional conditions; anticipation of difficulty with intubation and difficulty in management by a face mask. Size 2 LMA was used in the vast majority of cases. The insertion was successful on the first trial in 108 cases. More than one trial was necessary in 9 cases but only 3 cases required more than 3 trials. Insertion could not be completed in 3 cases. The relationship between the depth of LMA at the front teeth and age could be roughly described by "depth = 10 cm + 0.3 x Age". LMA was found to provide a better and more secure airway than the face mask without direct tracheal intervention. Heart rate did not increase with LMA insertion. It is easy to use and can be used in place of the face mask, but complications such as stomach air inflation due to too vigorous manual ventilation, slight pharyngeal injury, and airway obstruction due to kinking of LMA can occur. These complications can be avoided and must be kept in mind during it's use. LMA itself can be used to obtain a patent airway where an endotracheal airway is difficult to obtain. LMA-aided tracheal intubation can be extremely useful in obtaining endotracheal airways. Non-blind techniques can be used with LMA to increase safety. LMA is a very useful addition to pediatric anesthesia practice.
Journal Article↗
Rapid isolation of plasmid DNA by LiCl-ethidium bromide treatment and gel filtration.
We established a simple and rapid plasmid DNA purification method. Crude plasmid DNA preparations are treated with 4 M LiCl in the presence of 0.6 mg/ml ethidium bromide to precipitate RNA and proteins contained in the DNA preparations. After removal of RNA and protein precipitates, the supernatant is filtered through a Sepharose CL6B column to remove low-molecular-weight contaminants. This procedure takes only 30 min and provides pure plasmid DNA preparations that consist mainly of covalently closed circular plasmid DNA but have no detectable RNA and protein. The purified DNA preparations are susceptible to various six- and four-base-recognition restriction endonucleases, T4 DNA ligase, the Klenow fragment of DNA polymerase I, and T7 and Taq DNA polymerase. Since no special equipment is needed for this purification method, 20 or more samples of microgram to milligram levels can be treated in parallel.
Chemical Precipitation↗
Intrahepatic metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma: a histopathologic study.
Developmental processes of intrahepatic metastasis were examined in 75 selected cases of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) arising in cirrhotic livers. According to their prevalent sites of formation, metastatic nodules were divided into the portal type (59 of 75, 78.7%) and the acinar type (16 of 75, 21.3%). In general the tumor histology was similar to that of primary lesions. The acinar type usually developed via coalescence of scattered tumor cell clusters formed within pseudolobules. In seven cases classified as acinar type, the nodules were composed of well-differentiated tumor cells which were arranged in trabeculae of almost normal thickness (normotrabecular subtype). In four out of these seven cases, the lesions could be clearly defined as metastatic. The subtype could not be determined when only a few discrete nodules were present, as in the remaining three cases. The nodules of the normotrabecular subtype tended to contain a central core of less-differentiated HCC in association with tumor growth, giving rise to a feature of nodule-in-nodule lesions. It is concluded that there do occur metastatic nodules showing well-differentiated, normotrabecular pattern and that these nodules are available for studying developmental steps of early HCCs.
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular↗
Lack of bladder carcinogenicity of dietary sodium saccharin in analbuminaemic rats, which are highly susceptible to N-nitroso-n-butyl-(4-hydroxybutyl)amine.
A previous 1-wk study measuring the agglutinability of bladder epithelial cells by concanavalin A had suggested a high susceptibility of analbuminaemic rats to bladder carcinogenesis by sodium saccharin (Honma et al., Cancer Letters 1983, 19, 7). A long-term study was conducted to confirm the results of this short-term assay. Sodium saccharin was administered at 5% in the diet to groups of 35 male analbuminaemic rats and 36 male rats of the Sprague-Dawley strain. No bladder carcinomas nor precancerous lesions were observed in any of the rats exposed to sodium saccharin. The discrepancy between the results of the agglutination assay and the long-term experiment might be attributable to a sharp increase in urine volume in analbuminaemic rats during the first week of treatment. The resultant distension of the bladder wall might make the epithelial cells more susceptible to concanavalin A agglutination. The results indicated no demonstrable bladder carcinogenicity of sodium saccharin in analbuminaemic rats and excluded the possibility that these particular mutant rats could be useful animals for shorter-duration screening for bladder carcinogens.
Administration, Oral↗
The effect of L-menthol stimulation of the major palatine nerve on nasal patency.
Objective and subjective measurements of nasal patency were made before and after L-menthol stimulation of the palatal mucosa (supplied with the trigeminal nerve) in 15 normal adult subjects. The stimulation exerted indirect effect on the nasal cavity in that all subjects mentioned a cold sensation in their nose and a sensation of increased nasal patency, but no influence on nasal resistance to airflow was detected.
Adult↗
Failure of anti-TSH receptor antibodies (TRAb) to predict the outcome of the course of Graves' disease following withdrawal of antithyroid drug.
Nineteen patients with Graves' disease were regarded as euthyroid at the end of therapy. Follow-up studies were performed for further 3 years. TSH binding inhibitor immunoglobins (TBII) were measured by radioreceptor assay. Thyroid stimulating antibodies (TSAb) were measured by a sensitive cAMP accumulation using FRTL-5 cells. Most of the patients showed negative TBII at the end of therapy, while TSAb-positive patients were approximately 50%. The relapse rates during post therapeutic period were 33.3% in TSAb-positive group and 40% in TSAb-negative group, which were not significantly different between the two groups. It was thought that determination of TSAb activity at the end of therapy, in addition to TBII, appears to play a permissive role in predicting the outcome of the course of Graves' disease following discontinuation of antithyroid drug therapy.
Adolescent↗
Simultaneous administration of two human-rhesus rotavirus reassortant strains of VP7 serotype 1 and 2 specificity to infants and young children.
Two rotavirus vaccine strains representing VP7 serotypes 1 and 2 derived by reassortment between a rhesus rotavirus master strain, MMU18006, and either of two human rotavirus strains were administered simultaneously to infants and young children to assess potential interactions between strains. Children were observed in a day care setting for 10 days after vaccine administration for clinical symptoms, evidence of vaccine transmission, and patterns of viral shedding. Serum and local antibody responses were measured. The ratio of input virus strongly influenced the amount of each strain recovered from the child. Regardless of dose of virus administered, the neutralizing antibody response to the VP7 glycoprotein, the serotype determinant, was diminished in a bivalent preparation compared with a monovalent vaccine. Additional strategies must be sought to induce immunity against the multiple serotypes of human rotavirus before broad immunity will be established.
Administration, Oral↗
Lobular involvement in human breast carcinoma.
One hundred twenty-nine cases of breast carcinoma were examined in order to clarify the occurrence of lobular involvement with regard to stromal invasion. Lobular involvement was clearly recognized in 56 cases (43%) having discernible portions of intraductal carcinoma components. The process of lobular involvement was first recognizable as an extension of a few carcinoma cells from intralobular ducts into the acinar lumina. Progressive accumulation of the carcinoma cells resulted in marked swelling and distortion of the involved lobules. During the process, perilobular myoepithelial cells (actin-positive cells) were stretched and disappeared. Subsequently, breaks in the basement membranes were also observed, resulting in stromal invasion of carcinoma cells. The lobular involvement was classified into common and round varieties, possibly reflecting different growth activities of the carcinoma cells. The stromal invasion was initiated by peripheral budding or focal necrosis of the involved lobules. The latter pattern was often observed in comedo carcinoma. It was thus revealed that in breast carcinomas the terminal ductal-lobular units are quite often involved and can become sites of extraductal invasion.
Actins↗
Morphometric studies for objective diagnosis of intraductal carcinoma of the breast.
In order to obtain objective histologic criteria for distinguishing intraductal carcinomas of the breast from benign intraductal hyperplasia, a morphometric study was carried out on 15 cases of breast carcinoma (5 cases of comedo carcinoma, 5 cribriform carcinoma and 5 papillotubular carcinoma) and 10 benign control lesions (5 papilloma and 5 fibrocystic disease). Morphometric analysis was performed for each group with regard to 1) mean nuclear area, 2) mean nucleolar size, 3) mitotic index, and 4) nuclear count within predefined area (nuclear density) in histologic specimens. The results obtained were as follows: 1) Mean nuclear area for comedo carcinoma was distinctively large. This, together with its coefficiency variance, may be a good indicator for identifying this type of carcinoma. 2) Mean nucleolar size was significantly larger in each carcinoma group than in their benign counterparts. Nucleolar size was therefore considered to be the most reliable parameter for discriminating malignant cells from benign hyperplasia. 3) Mitotic index was relatively high in comedo and papillotubular carcinomas. 4) No difference was seen in nuclear density between the malignant and benign groups. In addition to the major criteria, combined application of these morphometric indicators might also be helpful for practical histologic assessment.
Breast↗
Herpes simplex virus type 1 and type 2 infection in human oral mucosa in culture.
To examine the sensitivity of human oral mucosa to herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and type 2 (HSV-2) infection, human gingival mucosa explants were infected with either HSV-1 or HSV-2 in vitro and the expression of virus specific antigen was examined by the immunofluorescent antibody technique. HSV-2 antigen was found in the basement membrane, basal cell layer and lower prickle cell layer. This finding was consistent with the HSV-1 infection. Electron microscopic study revealed the presence of nucleocapsids and enveloped virus particles in the basal cells of HSV-2-infected organ cultures. These findings indicate that human gingival mucosa is sensitive to infection with HSV-2, as well as HSV-1, and that the virus may replicate in the undifferentiated epithelial cells of mucosal epithelium.
Adolescent↗
Transport characteristics of ceftibuten, cefixime and cephalexin across human jejunal brush-border membrane.
The transport characteristics of orally active cephalosporins, ceftibuten, cefixime and cephalexin have been examined using brush border membrane vesicles isolated from human jejunum. In the initial uptake of ceftibuten, the stimulation and overshoot phenomena were observed in the presence of an inward H+ gradient. Effects of H+ gradient on the uptake of cefixime and cephalexin were low and no overshoot was observed. These transport characteristics, especially uphill transport phenomena, were in agreement with previous results obtained from rat intestinal brush-border membrane vesicles and suggest that these beta-lactam antibiotics are absorbed by different transport systems, despite their similar molecular structures.
Biological Transport, Active↗
MR imaging of small hepatocellular carcinoma: effect of intratumoral copper content on signal intensity.
Small (less than 5 cm) hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs) in 45 of 112 patients (40.2%) had a high-signal-intensity pattern (relative to that of liver) on T1-weighted magnetic resonance (MR) images. To identify the cause of this pattern, specimens of histologically defined HCC with high- (n = 21), iso- (n = 6), and low- (n = 22) intensity patterns were histologically evaluated for paramagnetic ionic forms of metals. The incidence of steatosis, clear cell formation, and copper accumulation was statistically (P less than .01) higher in tumors with the high-intensity pattern than in those with other patterns. Of 17 HCCs that stained positive for copper, 16 (94%) had a high-intensity pattern; the pattern of one tumor (6%) was isointense. All 21 tumors with the high-intensity pattern had at least one of the findings of steatosis, clear cell formation, or copper accumulation. These features were evident in only four of 28 tumors (14%) with an iso- or low-intensity pattern. Thus, copper accumulation might be a cause of the high-intensity pattern on T1-weighted images of small HCCs.
Adult↗