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Biomedical subjects

Y Kojima

Publications and source records attributed to Y Kojima.

At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed1998

Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy for vesical lithiasis.

Between 1991 and 1997, 17 male patients with bladder stones underwent extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy (ESWL) therapy in our department. One patient required epidural anesthesia and 5 patients were treated under intravenous sedation. Complete fragmentation was achieved after a single session in 9 patients and 4 required 2 sessions. Four patients underwent initial ESWL followed by mechanical cystolithotripsy. No major complications were noted. Fourteen patients were stone-free within 1 week after the procedure. Four patients were treated by transurethral resection of the prostate (TUR-P) on the day after completion ESWL. In conclusion, ESWL therapy is a simple, effective and safe modality for the management of vesical lithiasis.

Aged↗
PubMed1998

Increased cellulose production from sucrose with reduced levan accumulation by an Acetobacter strain harboring a recombinant plasmid.

Cellulose production from sucrose by Acetobacter strains is accompanied by the accumulation of a water-soluble polysaccharide, called levan. To improve cellulose productivity, a levansucrase-deficient mutant, LD-2, was derived from Acetobacter strain 757 and used as a host for the construction of recombinant strains. An LD-2 mutant harboring a plasmid containing the sucrase gene, sucZE3, from Zymomonas mobilis together with zliS, a gene that encodes a secretion-activating factor under the control of the Escherichia coli lac promoter, had sucrase activity and produced much cellulose and little levan in a medium containing sucrose. In addition, a mutant levansucrase gene, mutant sacB, from Bacillus subtilis, which encodes a protein with little levan-forming activity, was generated by site-directed mutagenesis and introduced into the LD-2 mutant. This introduction also resulted in the higher cellulose productivity and little levan.

Acetobacter↗
PubMed1998

Continuity of affiliative relationships among infants and juveniles in a free-ranging group of Japanese monkeys (Macaca fuscata).

5 infants were observed during the first 13 mo. after birth in a free-ranging group of Japanese monkeys (Macaca fuscata) to examine whether they maintained relatively frequent affiliative relationships with particular immature individuals. The number of immature affiliative partners rapidly increased from the first 3-mo. period after birth to the second 4-mo. period after birth, and the infants thereafter maintained affiliative relationships with particular individuals, mostly same-aged infants, at least in the second half of their first year. These findings show that infants were likely to interact with a larger number of different animals in the early stage of development, and thereafter selected particular individuals with whom they maintained affiliative relationships. The effects of sex on the selection of these long-term partners are also discussed.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1998

[Operative methods for severe hypospadias].

BACKGROUND: Pediatric urologists tend to use one-stage procedures for the repair of hypospadias. As there are various types of hypospadias, we cannot repair this disease with a single modality. It is difficult to estimate the exact length of the neourethra in cases of severe hypospadias before surgery. METHODS: After a circumferential incision is made about the coronal sulcus and the chordee is completely released, the distance between the glans tip and the retreated native meatus is measured to determine the length of the neourethra. Urethroplasty with the method of Transverse Preputial Island Flap (TPIF) is selected when the distance ranges from 3 to 4 cm, while urethroplasty using with modified OUPF IV (Koyanagi) is selected in cases of more than 4 cm. RESULTS: We performed surgery on 14 hypospadiac patients with chordee between April 1996 and April 1997. Eight patients underwent urethroplasty using the TPIF method and 6 underwent urethroplasty with the method of the modified OUPF IV. With the TPIF methods, 7 to 8 patients underwent repair successfully and one experienced urethrocutaneous fistula, while 5 of 6 treated by the modified OUPF IV method has successful repairs and meatal stenosis occurred in one patient. CONCLUSION: Even if we encounter severe hypospadias, we can treat these patients with one stage repair alternatively. A relatively high success rate was obtained with both methods to repair severe hypospadias.

Child↗
PubMed1998

[Clinical study of carcinoma in situ of the urinary bladder].

PURPOSE: To evaluate the natural history and the efficacy of treatments for carcinoma in situ (CIS) of the urinary bladder, we reviewed 70 patients with this disease. METHOD: The patients of CIS were divided into 3 groups based on tumor history: primary, secondary and concurrent CIS. We studied 70 patients with primary and secondary CIS treated at our hospital between 1957 and 1995, exclusive of concurrent one. They included 31 patients with primary CIS and 39 with secondary one, ranging in age from 39 to 82, with the average age of 63.1 years. Sixty-one patients were male and 9 were female. RESULTS: In 31 patients with primary CIS, 12 (32.8%) complained of gross hematuria, 10 (32.3%) urinary frequency and 9 (29.0%) pain on urination. The 5-year survival rates for primary and secondary CIS were 89.1% and 91.4%, and the 5-year bladder preservation rates were 54.5% and 57.6%, respectively. Three of 31 patients with primary CIS developed an invasive carcinoma, whereas 4 of 39 patients with secondary CIS did. There was no significant difference between each primary and secondary groups. In both primary and secondary CIS, the group of immediate total cystectomy was not significantly differ from the groups of the following total cystectomy and the bladder preservation in the effect of total cystectomy on the survival rate. A total of 51 cases of CIS was treated with intravesical therapy, 17 intravesical Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) therapy, 34 intravesical chemotherapy, respectively. Intravesical BCG therapy has shown the complete response rate of 78.6%, intravesical chemotherapy 42.1%. And the bladder preservation rate seemed to be better (but not significantly) in intravesical BCG group than in intravesical chemotherapy group or non-treatment group of intravesical therapy. CONCLUSION: For both primary and secondary CIS, the 5-year survival rate was about 90% and 5-year bladder preservation rate was over 50%. There was no significant difference between the primary and secondary group. The group of immediate total cystectomy was not significantly differ from the groups of the following total cystectomy and the bladder preservation in the effect of total cystectomy on the survival rate. About intravesical therapy, BCG was very effective in CR rate and the bladder preservation rate seemed to be better (but not significantly) in BCG group than in chemotherapy or non-treatment group.

Administration, Intravesical↗
PubMed1998

New quinolone compounds from Pseudonocardia sp. with selective and potent anti-Helicobacter pylori activity: taxonomy of producing strain, fermentation, isolation, structural elucidation and biological activities.

Eight novel quinolones with anti-Helicobacter pylori activity were isolated from the actinomycete Pseudonocardia sp. CL38489. The quinolones were very potent against H. pylori with MICs up to 0.1 ng/ml. The quinolones appear to be specific for H. pylori, since they did not show antimicrobial activity when tested against a panel of other microorganisms.

4-Quinolones↗
PubMed1998

Erinacine E as a kappa opioid receptor agonist and its new analogs from a basidiomycete, Hericium ramosum.

A kappa opioid receptor binding inhibitor was isolated from the fermentation broth of a basidiomycete, Hericium ramosum CL24240 and identified as erinacine E (1). Three analogs of 1 were produced by fermentation in other media and by microbial biotransformation. Of these compounds, 1 was shown to be the most potent binding inhibitor. Preliminary SAR studies of these compounds indicated that all functional groups and side chains were required for the activity. Compound 1 was a highly-selective binding inhibitor for the kappa opioid receptor: 0.8 microM (IC50) for kappa, >200 microM for mu, and >200 microM for delta opioid receptor. Compound 1 suppressed electrically-stimulated twitch responses of rabbit vas deferens with an ED50 of 14 microM. The suppression was recovered by adding a selective kappa opioid receptor antagonist nor-binaltorphimine, indicating that 1 is a kappa opioid receptor agonist.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

[Survival in patients with clear cell carcinoma of the ovary].

Thirty-one patients with clear cell ovarian carcinoma who underwent primary surgery and postoperative therapy were retrospectively evaluated. Eighteen patients (58%) had International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage I disease, 3 patients (9.7%) stage II disease, and 10 patients (32.3%) stage III and IV disease. Patients with stage III and IV disease demonstrated a significantly poor prognosis compared with patients who had stage I or II disease (p < 0.01). No patients with stage III and IV disease survived 5 years. p53 protein expression and proliferative activity (PA) were studied by immunohistochemical methods using p53 molecule and antibodies to PCNA (proliferative cell nuclear antigen). Intranuclear accumulations of p53 product were observed in 15 of 31 (48.4%). On the other hand, 15 of 31 (48.4%) patients stained positively for PCNA (> or = 60% of cancer cells stained positively). Positive p53 staining and highly PA were associated with poor survival. Two patients with stage I a relapsed were positive p53 and highly PA. Accordingly, consolidation chemotherapy is necessary for patients with stage I a who are positive p53 and highly PA. Platinum-based chemotherapy for patients who had minimal residual tumor was effective, but 5 patients who had > or = 2 cm tumor burden were not effective at all. The response rate for platinum-based chemotherapy was 20% (1/5) among p53 positive, in contrast to 66.7% (4/6) among p53 negative patients. So it seems that p53 positive patients are chemoresistant.

Adenocarcinoma, Clear Cell↗
PubMed1998

[A case of so-called carcinosarcoma of peripheral lung].

A 67-year-old man was admitted to our hospital with blood sputum. Adenocarcinoma was diagnosed by sputum cytological examination. A chest X-ray film showed a tumor shadow in the lower field of the right lung. The middle and lower lobes were resected and lymph node dissection was performed. Tumor was composed of well differentiated adenocarcinoma and spindle cell sarcomatous element, and diagnosed as so-called carcinosarcoma. Pathological staging was IIIA by pT1N2M0. Postoperative chemotherapy was not performed for side effect, so radiotherapy only was done. He died of recurrence and metastasis after about 1 postoperative year.

Aged↗
PubMed1998

Angiogenesis inhibitor TNP-470 inhibits growth and metastasis of a hormone-independent rat prostatic carcinoma cell line.

PURPOSE: Inhibitory effects of TNP-470, a synthetic analogue of the antibiotic fumagillin secreted by Aspergillus fumigatus, were studied with respect to growth and lung metastasis of the hormone-independent rat prostatic carcinoma cell line AT6.3. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Rat prostatic carcinoma AT6.3 cells were implanted in nude mice subcutaneously. Antimetastatic and growth-inhibitory effects of TNP-470 in vivo were examined 3 weeks after inoculation of AT6.3 cells. Direct growth-inhibitory effect was examined by MTT assay in vitro. RESULTS: TNP-470 inhibited the growth of AT6.3 cells in vitro. Subcutaneously injected TNP-470 markedly reduced numbers and individual size of lung metastases from AT6.3 cells inoculated percutaneously or intravenously into male BALB/c-nu/nu mice. CONCLUSION: This agent, which acts as an angiogenesis inhibitor, may prove to be clinically useful in preventing metastasis of hormone-independent prostatic cancer.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

[A case of successful hypospadias repair without infection using recombinant human granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (rhG-CSF) for idiopathic neutropenia].

A boy aged 1 year 8 months, who was referred to our hospital because of hypospadias, was followed for 17 months under a diagnosis of idiopathic neutropenia. He was given recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rhG-CSF) at a dosage of 37.5 micrograms/day for 2 days preoperatively. His absolute neutrophil count in peripheral blood increased to more than 500/microliter, and hypospadias repair (free graft method) was performed. RhG-CSF was administered on the first, sixth, and eleventh days after the operation, and the postoperative course was uneventful. During pediatric surgery in patients with neutropenia, appropriate administration of rhG-CSF may be useful for preventing infection.

Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor↗
PubMed1998

[Effect of CDDP/5'-DFUR combination chemotherapy for advanced or recurrent gastric cancer].

CDDP/5'-DFUR combination chemotherapy was performed on 17 patients with non-resected and recurrent gastric cancer (clinical stage were IVb in all patients). They were treated with 1,400 mg/m2 of 5'-DFUR on days 1-4 orally following by withdrawal 10 days, every 2 weeks repeatedly and 80 mg/m2 of CDDP (c. i. v., on day 5, every 4 weeks). This chemotherapy was performed for at least 2 courses on all patients. Eight of 17 patients achieved a partial response and the overall response rate was 47.1% (differentiated type 57.1%, undifferentiated type 45.5%). Response rates of each lesion were as follows: primary foci 42.9%, abdominal lymph nodes 57.1%, hepatic metastasis 60.0% and ascites 33.3%, respectively. Improvement of performance status was seen in 12 of 17 patients (70.6%). The overall median survival time was 227 days. The median outpatient period was 113 days. There was no high-grade toxicity over grade 2. Therapeutic toxicity of grade 2 was manifested as renal dysfunction (23.5%), nausea/vomiting (17.6%), leukopenia (5.9%) and anemia (5.9%). We evaluated the therapeutic effect by visual examination after completion of the second course. However, poor effect and high incidence of renal dysfunction were found in patients treated with this therapy over four times. Therefore, the maximum effect seemed to be revealed after completion of the fourth course. From the present study, CDDP/5'-DFUR combination chemotherapy seems to be effective for patients with high-grade advanced gastric cancer and improved their quality of life.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1998

[Clinical study of lung cancer complicated by pneumoconiosis].

To elucidate the characteristics of lung cancer complicated by pneumoconiosis, we compared the clinical features of complicated and uncomplicated lung cancer cases. The average age at onset was higher for patients with pneumoconiosis than for those without. Because pneumoconiosis presents various respiratory symptoms, subjective symptoms were less important than objective symptoms in detecting lung cancer complicated by pneumoconiosis. Although fiberoptic bronchoscopy was the predominant diagnostic method, it could not be used with the pneumoconiosis patients. Diagnoses of lung cancer complicated by pneumoconiosis were made more after by percutaneous needle aspiration cytology. Squamous cell carcinoma is the most frequent form of cancer in patients with pneumoconiosis, which suggests that the inhalation of carcinogens may play a role in the pathogenesis of lung cancer. With respect to the smoking index (SI), histological specimens indicated that the incidence of squamous cell carcinoma in patients with pneumoconiosis was significantly higher in heavy smokers (SI > or = 600) than in light smokers (SI < 600) or nonsmokers. It is suspected that smoking affects carcinogenesis of pneumoconiosis. No differences in the distribution of lung cancer (right-left, hilar-peripheral) distinguished the 2 groups. Many of the patients with peripheral-type lung cancer and pneumoconiosis had tumors in the lower lung lobes. These findings underline the importance of encouraging pneumoconiosis patients to avoid lung cancer by not smoking, and to have lung cancer detected in its early stages by undergoing regular medical exams.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Loss of imprinting of the insulin-like growth factor II gene in renal cell carcinoma.

Loss of imprinting (LOI) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of embryonal malignancies as well as adult cancers. Insulin-like growth factor II (IGF2) gene is an imprinted gene, normally transcribed only from the paternal allele. We investigated allele-specific expression of the IGF2 gene in 22 cases of renal cell carcinoma (RCC), a common adult-onset renal tumor. Sixteen cases (72%) were informative for IGF2 gene expression, and 9 (56%) of these cases showed biallelic expression of the IGF2 gene. Additionally, in four cases with biallelic expression from which uninvolved kidney tissue was available, LOI of the IGF2 gene was also demonstrated in the normal tissue. All cases with LOI of IGF2 were low-grade and low-stage tumors. LOI of the IGF2 gene in RCC was not associated with overexpression of IGF2 mRNA, whereas IGF2 overexpression was frequently observed in high-stage tumors. These results suggest that LOI of IGF2 predisposes to low-grade and low-stage tumors, whereas IGF2 overexpression may have a role in RCC tumor progression.

Adult↗