Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

Y Kojima

Publications and source records attributed to Y Kojima.

At least 487 records · Page 27Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Injury of cilia induced by tracheal tube cuffs.

Eighteen mongrel dogs underwent endotracheal intubation with large residual volume, low pressure cuffs. The cuffs were inflated at 20 centimeters of water for a period of four hours. Mucociliary clearance studies and tracheal biopsies were performed immediately following, and three, seven and 14 days after, cuff deflation. Severe ciliary injury was observed on scanning electron micrographs examined immediately and three days after cuff deflation, even though the cuffs were inflated at extremely low pressure for short periods. An appreciable delay in mucociliary clearance was shown to correlate directly with the severity of histologic injury. The morphologic and functional alterations in the cilia due to compression were completely reversible after two weeks.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

The effect of immunosuppression on the patency and structure of canine vein allografts in the venous system.

The effect of immunosuppression on allogeneic femoral vein grafts placed into the venous system of dogs was studied. Autologous vein grafts demonstrated clear patency and few histologic changes up to four weeks after operation. Allogeneic vein grafts in dogs not receiving immunosuppression showed thrombosis in all instances within less than four weeks. Standard immunosuppression therapy reduced the thrombosis rate to 25 per cent at four weeks in dogs with femoral vein allografts. Only mild histologic changes were observed in these grafts.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Evaluation of techniques for chemical debridement of colonic mucosa.

Rectal mucosectomy may be technically difficult to perform on certain patients with severe ulcerative colitis involving the rectum, in whom a colectomy and endorectal ileal pull-through operation is planned. The present study evaluates the effectiveness of the following caustic agents in causing severe injury to the colonic mucosa of dogs after ten minutes of exposure, as determined by light and scanning electron microscopy: 1.0 normal sodium hydroxide; 0.5 normal sodium hydroxide; 1.25 per cent formalin solution, and silver nitrate sticks. The 1.0 normal sodium hydroxide solution caused injury to both mucosa and muscularis. The 0.5 normal sodium hydroxide produced mucosal injury without damage to the muscularis; the mucosa could be rubbed off with minimal bleeding. Although the mucosa exposed to 1.25 per cent formalin solution or to silver nitrate sticks showed varying degrees of injury, the remaining mucosa was not readily removed by rubbing. Repeat exposure of the mucosa to 0.5 normal sodium hydroxide three days after the first exposure made it easy to remove the mucosa by gentle rubbing but did not cause gross or microscopic injury to the muscularis. Chemical debridement of colonic or rectal mucosa may be a helpful adjunct when the mucosa cannot be removed readily by standard surgical dissection during endorectal pull-through operations.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Protein-facilitated intermembrane transfer of squalene. Demonstration by density gradient centrifugation.

Squalene-enriched, trypsinized microsomes display no squalene epoxidase activity either as such or when combined with normal microsomes. On addition of microgram quantities of supernatant protein factor to the combined system, squalene epoxidation commences at once and continues at a rapid rate (Friedlander, E. J., Caras, I. W., Lin, L. F., and Bloch, K. (1980) J. Biol. Chem. 255, 8042-8045). When mixtures of trypsin-treated, [3H]squalene-containing microsomes and normal microsomes are subjected to isopycnic density gradient centrifugation, the two microsomal populations separate readily. Essentially all of the radioactive squalene remains associated with the lighter (trypsinized) fraction of microsomes. However, if the mixture of microsomes is initially incubated with supernatant protein factor and then centrifuged, a large fraction of labeled squalene sediments with the denser, normal microsomes. Thus, supernatant protein factor mediates the transfer of squalene from one microsome population to another. This conclusion had previously been reached on the basis of less direct experiments (Friedlander, E. J., Caras, I. W., Lin, L. F., and Bloch, K. (1980) J. Biol. Chem. 255, 8042-8045). Evidence is presented that the process of supernatant protein factor-mediated squalene transfer does not involve membrane fusion and proceeds also in the reverse direction.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Calcified gastric leiomyoma--a case report.

A 62 year-old man was admitted with the chief complaint of a epigastric pain and difficulty of swallowing. Examination of the upper gastrointestinal tract revealed a calcified mass causing a smooth filling defect at the lesser curvature of the cardia. At laparotomy, a localized tumor was detected beneath the serosa of the stomach. The excised tumor was 4 x 4 x 1.6 cm and the pathological diagnosis was calcified leiomyoma probably due to cytoplasmic degeneration. In this paper, details of the case are described and the related literature is reviewed.

Calcinosis↗
PubMed1981

A case of granuloma of the ascending colon due to penetration of Trichuris trichiura.

A 33 year-old woman was admitted with chief complaint of abdominal pain and high fever. A barium-enema showed serration and a tumor was seen in the proximal ascending colon. At laparotomy, a localized tumor about 5 cm in diameter was located in the proximal portion of the ascending colon. The operation was made according to the ileoceal resection. On the macroscopic examination of the resected specimen, a small hole penetrating into the subserosa of the ascending colon was noticed and a tumor measuring approximately 3 x 1.2 x 1 cm was located under the hole. A female worm, Trichuris trichiura, was found to be harbored in the adjacent site of the lesion. Histopathologic examination revealed granulomatous tissue reaction due to penetrating of Trichuris trichiura. The patient is in good health now 20 months after operation.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Experimental studies on cadaver pancreas preserved by perfusion.

pancreatic transplantation is the most effective therapy of advanced diabetes mellitus. However, the problem is whether the cadaver pancreas can be used as a donor, because the living pancreas cannot be used as a donor from an anatomical standpoint. In case of the cadaver pancreas another problem is coming up that the pancreas proceeds to rapid autolysis. So, brain death is recommended as the most available condition for this transplantation. In this study we investigated the viability of the cadaver pancreas from decapitated rats preserved by the cold perfusion method. The results obtained were as follows: 1) The perfusing time affected the ratio of degenerative islets/normal islets. A large number of degenerative islets appeared with long perfusion time. 2) The cold (4 degrees C) perfusion method could preserve cadaver pancreas for 5 hours. 3) Insulin-secretion of cadaver pancreatic islets preserved for 5 hours under cold perfusion was 60% or more of that of normal pancreatic islets. 4) Three hundred islets from cadaver pancreas preserved for 5 hours under cold perfusion were transplanted into the portal vein of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Four of these 11 rats recovered from diabetic state and maintained the non-diabetic state for 20 weeks after transplantation.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Treatment of biliary atresia: a study of our operative results.

The operative results in 87 biliary atresia cases were investigated from the aspect of the histologic findings in the liver and the remnant of the extrahepatic bile ducts, and the details of the operative procedures. The degree of liver fibrosis, the liver cell changes, and the type of extrahepatic bile ducts are closely related to our operative results. Our operative results have been improving since 1977 due to the advancement of microsurgical techniques and a new type of operative procedure for prevention of ascending cholangitis. Twenty-five of 29 cases (86.2%) surgically corrected are alive, showing bile excretion, and are in a satisfactory general condition.

Bile Ducts↗
PubMed1981

Virantmycin, a new antiviral antibiotic produced by a strain of Streptomyces.

Virantmycin, a novel chlorine-containing antiviral antibiotic, has been isolated from Streptomyces nitrosporeus No. AM-2722. The active substance in culture broth is isolated as colorless needles by solvent extraction followed by high performance liquid chromatography on silicic acid. The molecular formula is C19H26NO3Cl (molecular weight 351) from the elemental analysis and mass spectrum. The antibiotic possesses antifungal activity and potent inhibitory activity against various RNA and DNA viruses.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1981

[Fundamental and clinical studies of cefotiam in the field of pediatrics (author's transl)].

The fundamental and clinical studies on cefotiam (CTM) were performed in the field of pediatrics, and the following results were obtained: 1. The peak MIC's of CTM against Gram negative rods such as E. coli, Klebsiella, Salmonella, Proteus were 1.56 mcg/ml. The MIC distribution against S. aureus was almost equal to the conventional cephalosporin antibiotics. The MICs against P. pseudomonas and Serratia were over 400 mcg/ml. 2. The mean serum levels of CTM after bolus intravenous injection of 25 mg/kg were 59.9 mcg/ml after 15 min., 30.0 mcg/ml after 30 min., 15.6 mcg/ml after 1 hour. 3. Administration of CTM to 6 pediatric patients produced the clinical responses which were good in all 6 cases and the bacterial effects of eradication in 3 cases and superinfection in the 2 cases in the 5 cases from whom the organism were isolated. No side effect was observed. From the above results, it is considered that a bolus injection of CTM 25 mg/kg t.i.d. to q.i.d. is a safe and useful treatment for pediatric cases.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1981

Transplantation of cryopreserved pancreatic islets into the portal vein.

Pancreatic islet cells of rats obtained by the collagenase digestion method were preserved from 7 to 10 days at -80 degrees C in a deep freezer or at -196 degrees C in liquid nitrogen with Dulbecco modified Eagle's medium, supplemented with 10% or 20% DMSO (dimethyl sulfoxide); thawing was performed in a 37 degree C water bath. Cryopreserved islets were morphologically almost intact, and possessed approximately 50% of the insulin secretion activity of the control groups. About 300 pancreatic islets preserved at -196 degrees C with 20% DMSO were transplanted into the portal veins of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Rats recovered from the diabetic state, and the normalized condition was maintained up to 20 weeks, although 4 weeks were needed before blood and urine glucose reached normal levels after transplantation. Intact B cells were found in the transplanted islet cell masses in the liver of the recipients, but B cells of the recipient's pancreases (streptozotocin-treated rats) showed a marked decrease, as well as degenerative changes.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

[Organ cultures from isolated pancreatic islets of rats and their transplantation into streptozotocin-diabetic rats].

UNLABELLED: Islets of Langerhans were isolated from the adult wistar rat by means of the collagenase method and cultivated in an incubator at a temperature of 37 degree Celsius and with a mixture of 95% air and 5% CO2. With that each two of the islets were put into every drill hole of multi-dish trays. 1 ml Eagle medium modified by Dulbecco with admixtures of 20% foetal calf serum, 100 microgram/ml Streptomycin and 100 u/ml Penicillin G was the nutrient medium. This medium was exchanged every third day and the released insulin quantity was measured by a radio immunologic test (Phadebas insulin test). RESULTS: 1. The insulin quantity in the nutrient medium runs to 1097 to 1434 microu/ml two islets if a change took place every third day during an 80 days duration of the culture. 2. The cultivated islets had a demonstrable reactivity of the insulin secretion to glucose and glucagon. 3. Diabetic rats with transplants of nearly 400 cultivated islets recover from diabetic state within one week after transplantation and keep healthy for 8 weeks.

Animals↗