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Biomedical subjects

Y Koike

Publications and source records attributed to Y Koike.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

[Reproductive and developmental toxicity studies of calcipotriol (MC903): (2)--A teratogenicity study in rats by subcutaneous administration].

Teratogenicity of calcipotriol (MC903), an anti-psoriasic agent, was studied. MC903 at doses of 6.25, 12.5 and 25 micrograms/kg/day were subcutaneously administered to pregnant Slc:SD rats from day 7 to 17 of gestation. 1. In animals administered 25 micrograms/kg/day MC903, food consumption decreased significantly and body weight gains lowered marginally. MC903 administered at any doses did not adversely affect female animals in regard to pregnancy, delivery and maternal behavior. 2. In fetuses, suppression of growth were noted at 25 micrograms/kg group. However, fetotoxicity and teratogenicity were not noted at all groups administered MC903. 3. In F1 pups, the postnatal growth, development, responses, behaviors, learning ability and reproductive ability were not influenced. Additionally, no embryonic or fetal abnormalities of their fetuses (F2) were detected. 4. On the basis of results obtained in the present study, it is considered that the no-toxic doses level of MC903 are 12.5 micrograms/kg/day for pregnant animals and fetuses, 25 micrograms/kg/day for pups.

Abnormalities, Drug-Induced↗
PubMed1996

[Reproductive and developmental toxicity studies of calcipotriol (MC903): (3)--A teratogenicity study in rabbits by subcutaneous administration].

Teratogenicity of calcipotriol (MC903), an anti-psoriasic agent, was studied. MC903 at doses of 0.1, 0.5, 1, 2.5 and 5 micrograms/kg/day was subcutaneously administered to pregnant Std:NZW rabbits from day 6 to 18 of gestation. 1. A decrease in locomotor activity was observed in the group administered MC903 5 micrograms/kg/day. Food consumption and body weight gain decreased dose-dependently in groups administered MC903 1 microgram/kg/day or more. Granular whitish kidneys were observed in groups administered MC903 2.5 and 5 micrograms/kg/day. Rough and whitish aorta were noted in groups administered MC903 1 microgram/kg/day or more. 2. Significant fetotoxicity was not induced by administration of MC903 up to 0.5 microgram/kg/day. 3. On the basis of results obtained in the present study, it is considered that no-toxic dose level of MC903 is 0.5 microgram/kg/day for pregnant animals and fetuses.

Abnormalities, Drug-Induced↗
PubMed1996

[Reproductive and developmental toxicity studies of calcipotriol (MC903): (4)--A perinatal and postnatal study in rats by subcutaneous administration].

Perinatal and postnatal toxicity of calcipotriol (MC903), an antipsoriasic agent, was studied. MC903 at doses of 6.25, 12.5 and 25 micrograms/kg/day were subcutaneously administered to pregnant Slc:SD rats from day 17 of gestation to day 21 after delivery. 1. Administration of MC903 at any doses did not adversely affect pregnant animals in regard to gestation, delivery and maternal behavior. In dams administered MC903 25 micrograms/kg/day, food consumption and body weight gain were marginally lower than those of control animals during lactation period. 2. In group administered MC903 25 micrograms/kg/day, body weight gain in F1 offsprings was significantly lower as compared with those of control group. The drug did not have any adverse effects on the postnatal development of the offspring such as differentiation, functional development, emotionality, motor ability, learning ability or reproductive performance. 3. On the basis of results obtained in the present study, it is considered that the no-toxic dose level for general toxicity and reproduction in the dams was estimated to be 12.5 and 25 micrograms/kg/day, respectively, the no-toxic dose levels in the offspring was also estimated to be 12.5 micrograms/kg/day.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

[A case of X-linked bulbar and spinal muscular atrophy with impaired neuromuscular transmission].

A 43-year-old man suffered from weakness of the upper limbs and easy fatigability. Low frequency (3 Hz) repetitive nerve stimulation (RNS) showed a marked waning with a maximum decrement of 20% of M wave amplitude. This remarkable waning was partially reduced by an administration of 60 mg bromopyridostigmine. High frequency RNS (30 Hz), however, did not induced waxing. Tensilon test and anti-AchR antibody were negative. The CAG repeat in androgen receptor gene was abnormally expanded ((CAG)n = 47), which confirmed a diagnosis of X-linked bulbar and spinal muscular atrophy. (BSMA). In some ALS patients, impaired neuromuscular transmission has been reported. The impaired neuromuscular transmission in ALS occurs in cases with rapidly progressive muscle wasting, suggesting that this abnormality is related to rapidly degenerating motor nerve endings. However, impaired neuromuscular transmission as seen in this patient has not been well documented in BSMA.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

[Effects of age and sex on orthostatic change of blood pressure in normal persons].

Orthostatic change of systolic blood pressure was consecutively recorded using oscillometric method in 140 normal persons aged twenties to eighties and analyzed by age and sex. Systolic blood pressure generally increased after standing. The men, especially over the age of 50, failed to increase blood pressure immediately after standing (initial 1-3 minutes), and then increased. In the women, on the other hand, blood pressure generally increased after standing. The mean ratio of the blood pressure elevation for 10 minutes was higher in the women than in the men over 50 years old. Systolic blood pressure tended to fall immediately after the second supine from standing in both sexes. In conclusion, age and sex may influence orthostatic change of blood pressure.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Hypertrophy of the palatine tonsils and sleep respiratory disorders.

A simplified method for the diagnosis of sleep respiratory disorders in children was explored on the basis of visual inspection. The subjects were 31 children suffering from symptoms of upper airway constriction. Polysomnography was carried out on all patients to measure the mesopharyngeal pressure amplitude (MPA). The patients were divided into the following four groups: Group A (degree I hypertrophy at rest), Group B (degree II hypertrophy both at rest and during pharyngeal reflex), Group C (degree II hypertrophy at rest and degree III hypertrophy during pharyngeal reflex), and Group D (degree II hypertrophy at rest, accompanied by forward protrusion from the anterior faucial pillar). The MPA values were 26.0 +/- 13.7, 39.2 +/- 18.3, 86.9 +/- 36.4 and 84.6 +/- 16.3 cmH(2)O in Groups A, B, C and D, respectively. The MPA values in Groups C and D were significantly higher than those in Groups A and B. The result of this study suggest that the MPA values are high and sleep respiratory disorders severe in cases from Groups C and D. The severity of sleep respiratory disorders in children was estimated to a considerable extent by checking these parameters.

Adenoids↗
PubMed1996

Effects of tonsillectomy on articulation.

Changes in the articulation of 5 Japanese vowels before and after tonsillectomy were compared using the formants as indicators. Data from 40 patients were analyzed and those from 10 healthy volunteers were adopted as control. The comparison of formant frequencies before and 1 month after operation revealed that F1, F2 and F4 remained within the range of intra-individual fluctuations in most cases. F3, however, exceedingly decreased in many cases, and the decrease was particularly marked for /o/. No evident change was observed as to formant bandwidth. The larger the tonsil was, the more changes were seen in the formant frequency. The evaluation according to Mackenzie's classification was found to be unsatisfactory. Observing the postoperative changes over time, it is suggested that the altered vocal tract slowly compensates by means of the surrounding tissues. From the acoustic evaluation, the changes in the articulation due to surgery were considered to be negligible in clinical practice, although in professional vocalists it seemed to be a problem that cannot be disregarded.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

A case of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma with macroglobulinemia.

A case of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma with macroglobulinemia is reported. A 48-year-old man consulted our hospital with complaints of dysphagia and sleep apnea. On the first examination, degree III hypertrophy of tonsils, Bence-Jones protein of K-type on urinalysis, and an M-peak in the gamma-glb. Beta-glb areas on fractionation of protein were found. Of serum immunoglobulins, IgM was increased markedly with 3,946 mg/dl and about 30% atypical lymphocytes were noted in the bone marrow. Bilateral tonsillectomy was carried out. The diagnosis of malignant lymphoma, non-Hodgkin, follicular, medium-sized cell type, B cell (sm IgM, K) was made by immunostaining of tissues. Chemotherapy was made after operation, and IgM levels decreased gradually. At present, the patient is following a satisfactory postoperative course, showing no swelling of tonsil.

Antigens, CD↗
PubMed1995

A scintigraphical qualitative analysis of peripheral vascular sympathetic function with meta-[123I]iodobenzylguanidine in neurological patients with autonomic failure.

In order to assess qualitatively the sympathetic functions of the peripheral vessels, we performed a scintigraphical study of the entire body with meta-[123I]iodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) in 13 patients with autonomic failure and 11 healthy subjects as control. The patients comprised seven with multiple system atrophy (MSA), two with pure autonomic failure (PAF), three with Parkinson's disease with autonomic failure (PD with AF) and one with familial amyloid polyneuropathy (FAP). No clinical evidence of vascular disease was noted in any of the patients and the control subjects. We investigated their autonomic functions using the head up tilt test as well as norepinephrine and isoproterenol infusion tests. We found that: (i) All of the control subjects showed satisfactory MIBG uptake; (ii) all of the patients with PAF and FAP, most of whom had postganglionic sympathetic lesions, showed supersensitivity and low MIBG uptake; (iii) almost all the patients with MSA, who were considered to have mainly preganglionic sympathetic lesions, showed supersensitivity and diminished MIBG uptake, although the patients with olivopontocerebellar atrophy showed supersensitivity but not diminished MIBG uptake. In conclusion, these results suggest that peripheral vascular scintigraphy using MIBG is useful in detecting peripheral adrenergic dysfunction.

3-Iodobenzylguanidine↗
PubMed1995

Gastrointestinal dysfunction in Parkinson's disease detected by electrogastroenterography.

Electrogastroenterography (EGEG) is a method to record electrical activities of the stomach and the intestine using skin electrodes. We investigated whether this method could be used to detect gastrointestinal dysfunction in patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease. EGEG recordings were done with ten patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease and ten control subjects before and after a meal. The patients showed changes in EGEG that were markedly similar to those of acute stage of vagotomized patients reported previously. Patients' increase rate in amplitude of gastric activity after the meal (median: 1.19) was significantly (P < 0.05, Mann-Whitney test) smaller than that of the controls (median: 2.84), and normal temporal frequency decrease of gastric activity after the meal was not seen in the patient group. These results suggest vagal nerve dysfunction of patients with Parkinson's disease, though other possibilities could not be denied. EGEG may be useful to assess patients' gastrointestinal dysfunction though we need further study to elucidate the relation between pathophysiology of their symptoms and EGEG findings.

Aged↗
PubMed1995

Pharmacokinetics of enoximone after various intravenous administrations to healthy volunteers.

The pharmacokinetics of enoximone and its sulfoxide metabolite were investigated in healthy male volunteers after various intravenous administrations: a bolus single dose, a continuous infusion, and bolus multiple doses of enoximone. The overall pharmacokinetic profiles of enoximone and sulfoxide metabolite indicated linearity over the range of 0.25-2.0 mg/kg after single doses of enoximone. The hypothetical plasma concentration just after bolus injection of enoximone, the maximum concentration of sulfoxide, and the area under the concentration-time curves of both compounds increased proportionally with dose. The terminal half-lives of both compounds indicated similar values (2.0-2.7 h) and were not dose related. After four consecutive doses given at 3-h intervals, no accumulation was observed for either compound, and the pharmacokinetic parameters were not altered. After a 4-h infusion of enoximone, the areas under the plasma concentration-time curves of both compounds were 30% lower than the estimated values from the single dose study. Also, some pharmacokinetic parameters were changed as compared to those from the single dose study. The pharmacokinetic parameters obtained in Japanese healthy volunteers showed no marked differences from those obtained in Caucasians; thus, no racial difference was suggested in the pharmacokinetic properties of enoximone.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

A computational theory for movement pattern recognition based on optimal movement pattern generation.

We have previously proposed an optimal trajectory and control theory for continuous movements, such as reaching or cursive handwriting. According to Marr's three-level description of brain function, our theory can be summarized as follows: (1) The computational theory is the minimum torque-change model; (2) the intermediate representation of a pattern is given as a set of via-points extracted from an example pattern; and (3) algorithm and hardware are provided by FIRM, a neural network that can generate and control minimum torque-change trajectories. In this paper, we propose a computational theory for movement pattern recognition that is based on our theory for optimal movement pattern generation. The three levels of the description of brain function in the recognition theory are tightly coupled with those for pattern generation. In recognition, the generation process and the recognition process are actually two flows of information in opposite directions within a single functional unit. In our theory, if the input movement trajectory data are identical to the optimal movement pattern reconstructed from an intermediate representation of some symbol, the input data are recognized as that symbol. If an error exists between the movement trajectory data and the generated trajectory, the putative symbol is corrected, and the generation is repeated. In particular, we present concrete computational procedures for the recognition of connected cursive handwritten characters, as well as for the estimation of phonemic timing in natural speech. Our most important contribution is to demonstrate the computational realizability for the 'motor theory of movement pattern perception': the movement-pattern recognition process can be realized by actively recruiting the movement-pattern formation process. The way in which the formation process is utilized in pattern recognition in our theory suggests a duality between movement pattern formation and movement pattern perception.

Algorithms↗
PubMed1995

Estimation of dynamic joint torques and trajectory formation from surface electromyography signals using a neural network model.

In this study, human arm movement was reconstructed from electromyography (EMG) signals using a forward dynamics model acquired by an artificial neural network within a modular architecture. Dynamic joint torques at the elbow and shoulder were estimated for movements in the horizontal plane from the surface EMG signals of 10 flexor and extensor muscles. Using only the initial conditions of the arm and the EMG time course as input, the network reliably reconstructed a variety of movement trajectories. The results demonstrate that posture maintenance and multijoint movements, entailing complex via-point specification and co-contraction of muscles, can be accurately computed from multiple surface EMG signals. In addition to the model's empirical uses, such as calculation of arm stiffness during motion, it allows evaluation of hypothesized computational mechanisms of the central nervous system such as virtual trajectory control and optimal trajectory planning.

Arm↗