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Biomedical subjects

Y Koike

Publications and source records attributed to Y Koike.

At least 325 records · Page 18Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Wilms' tumor associated with Moyamoya disease: a case report.

A high incidence of congenital malformations with Wilms' tumor had been recognized lately. Aniridia, hemihypertrophy, chromosome deletion, urinary tract anomalies, and Wiedemann-Beckwith syndrome have often been observed in patients with Wilms' tumor. However, Wilms' tumor associated with Moyamoya disease, which refers to a stenosis of the distal portion of the carotid artery with an abnormal network in the brain base, has never been reported. In this report, a male child aged 28 mo. with Wilms' tumor associated with Moyamoya disease is presented.

Arterial Occlusive Diseases↗
PubMed1985

Ultrafiltration compared with equilibrium dialysis in the determination of unbound phenytoin in plasma.

Protein binding of phenytoin (PHT) was studied in 36 patients with normal kidney function and six uremic patients. We compared a newly introduced ultrafiltration (UF) technique (EMIT Free Level System I) for measuring unbound PHT in plasma with an equilibrium dialysis (ED) method. The precision of the UF method was satisfactory (the CV within samples was 4.2%, and between days, 3.4%). PHT concentrations were measured with both homogeneous enzyme immunoassay and high performance liquid chromatography using plasma samples from epileptic patients. The values obtained agreed well. Unbound concentrations of PHT determined by the UF technique and ED were identical in both normal and uremic plasma obtained from patients under treatment. Unbound concentrations of PHT correlated significantly to total concentrations in both groups of patients. The investigated UF technique thus appears to be accurate for measuring unbound concentrations of PHT in plasma. Controlled clinical studies are required to show that this is a cost-effective clinical service.

Blood Proteins↗
PubMed1985

DNA content of hepatocytes in various stages of liver cirrhosis.

In order to search for some parameters that would make it possible to predict a potentially high risk of evolution from liver cirrhosis to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the DNA content of hepatocytes in patients with liver cirrhosis with or without development to HCC was investigated by means of microspectrophotometry in Feulgen-stained specimens. In patients without development of HCC in more than 5 years of follow-up, 90% or more of tested hepatocytes were diploid, whereas in patients with liver cirrhosis who developed HCC within 3 years the frequency histogram of nuclear DNA content was widely spread from diploid to hyperpolyploid with a small peak of triploid. Furthermore, in the latter group of patients, many of the binucleate cells had different DNA contents in each paired nucleus. In non-cancerous portions of HCC, the ploidy histogram of nuclear DNA content was widely spread from diploid to polyploid with different DNA contents of each paired nucleus in binucleate cells, without the small peak of triploid. These results suggest that the deranged cell kinetics of hepatocytes in cirrhosis may be considered to be a state of potentially high risk for the evolution of HCC, and that a patient with liver cirrhosis with such an abnormal hepatocyte DNA content should be followed up carefully for the early diagnosis of HCC.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Sex differences in the induction of physical dependence on pentobarbital in the rat.

Sex differences in physical dependence on sodium pentobarbital in the rat were studied by the drug-admixed food (DAF) method. With male rats, the concentration of pentobarbital in the food was gradually increased from 2 to 30 mg/g over a period of 50 days. The final level of drug intake was approximately 1.7 g/kg/day. At pentobarbital concentrations of 20 and 22 mg/g of food, sedation and mild muscle relaxation were observed. At the highest drug concentration, 30 mg/g of food, marked muscle relaxation was noted. With female rats, the concentration of pentobarbital in the food was gradually increased from 1 to 16 mg/g over a period of 47 days. The final level of intake was approximately 1.0 mg/kg/day. At drug concentrations of 12 and 14 mg/g, sedation and mild muscle relaxation appeared. At 16 mg/g, female rats showed marked muscle relaxation similar to that of the male rats. To produce severe loss of muscle tone, the male rats required twice as much pentobarbital as the female rats. After substitution of normal food for the pentobarbital-admixed food, various signs of pentobarbital withdrawal occurred in both sexes. These signs included vocalization, irritability, muscle rigidity, tremors and convulsions. Onset of withdrawal was more rapid in the females, and the maximum weight loss was greater, 8.0% compared to 3.8% in the males. Physical dependence on pentobarbital was easily developed in both sexes by the DAF method. There was a marked sex difference in withdrawal which we attribute to sex differences in drug metabolizing enzyme activity.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Epidemiology of sporadic acute non-A, non-B hepatitis in Japan: a comparison with hepatitis A and B.

Two hundred fifty-eight patients with clinically and serologically proven sporadic acute viral hepatitis during a period of past 7 years (January 1976-December 1982) were analyzed regarding epidemiology and outcome. The frequency of non-A, non-B (NANB) hepatitis was the highest among the three categories of viral hepatitis; 118 patients had hepatitis NANB (46%), 70 hepatitis A (27%), and 70 hepatitis B (27%). In NANB hepatitis, the mean age was older than in other categories of hepatitis and both sexes were equally affected, in contrast to the male predominance in types A and B. Chronic liver disease developed in 32% of patients with NANB hepatitis, but in none of patients with hepatitis type A or B. These results suggest that in Japan the infectious sources of hepatitis NANB virus(es) are more prevalent than those of hepatitis A and B viruses, and also suggest that one of the possible important factors for the high tendency to chronicity may be concerned with intimate contact with, or evolution from, asymptomatic NANB virus carriers.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Cylindrical dilatation of the choledochus: a special type of congenital bile duct dilatation.

Cylindrical dilatation of the choledochus develops in 20% of patients with congenital bile duct dilatation and usually has acute-angled unions of the pancreatobiliary ductal system. Symptoms generally develop in patients over 1 year of age. The patients frequently complain of abdominal pain, vomiting, and fever as in those with acute pancreatitis. Ultrasonography and infusion cholangiography are the most useful tools in making a correct diagnosis. A high amylase level in the bile caused by the refluxing of pancreatic juice through anomalous ductal unions is commonly observed. This is responsible for biliary perforation in infancy and possibly carcinoma arising in the bile duct. The amylase concentration in the serum at the time of epigastric pain often is high, which leads to the diagnosis of acute pancreatitis. However, evidence of pancreatic inflammation is seldom noted. Accordingly, amylase in the bile may enter the circulating blood through the denuded epithelium or sinusoids of the liver. Excision of the whole extrahepatic duct along with hepaticoenterostomy would be essential for the treatment of cylindrical dilatation of the bile duct, especially when an anomalous ductal union is present.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Congenital choledochal cyst with intrahepatic involvement.

We reviewed congenital choledochal cyst with intrahepatic involvement in 38 patients aged 52 days to 29 years. Dilatations were classified into the following three forms, based on the shape of the extrahepatic and intrahepatic bile duct: cystic-cystic, cystic-cylindrical, and cylindrical-cylindrical. Stenosis of the hepatic duct near the hilum probably does not cause dilatation of the intrahepatic duct. The anomalous arrangement of the pancreatobiliary union seems to determine only the form of extrahepatic dilatation, and cystic dilatation of the intrahepatic duct may be caused by some other factors. Total excision of the extrahepatic bile duct with the creation of a wide anastomotic stoma apparently is the treatment of choice. Hepatectomy would be recommended for some patients with the cystic-cystic form.

Adolescent↗