Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

Y Koike

Publications and source records attributed to Y Koike.

At least 271 records · Page 15Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

[Bilateral abductor vocal cord paralysis (Gerhardt syndrome) in the Shy-Drager syndrome].

Ten consecutive patients with a progressive pan-autonomic failure of the Shy-Drager syndrome were investigated. Movement disorders of the vocal cords were examined with a fiber-optic laryngoscope as well as a video-recorder. Moderate to severe vocal cord paralysis was present in five of ten patients. The vocal cords were almost immobile during inspiration, while there was no limitation of the adduction during phonation. In two cases, grade of vocal cord paralysis was asymmetric. One patient developed peculiar twisting-like dystonic movements of the vocal cord. Polygraphic studies revealed that SaO2 was lowered in spite of tachypnea during sleep. In two cases, the expiratory flow volume curve in effort-dependent portion near TLC showed a plateau and the inspiratory part of the curve also showed a plateau indicating constant flow. These functional disorders suggest an upper airway obstruction probably due to the vocal cord dysfunction. There was no vocal cord paralysis in two patients who had neither snore nor stridor. Development of a severe vocal cord dysfunction usually manifested itself clinically as stridor, snore or respiratory failure requiring tracheostomy. There was little information on the pathology of the vagal nerves and nuclei supplying motor control to the laryngeal muscles. The mechanism of the selective involvement of abductor muscle (posterior muscle) of the vocal cord (Gerhardt syndrome) remains unsolved. Vocal cord paralysis should be looked for since it can result in respiratory failure leading to death.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

The examination of the posterior cricoarytenoid muscle activity during respiration in human subjects.

Eight healthy human subjects were studied to examine the posterior cricoarytenoid (PCA) muscle activity during respiration. A hypopharyngeal surface electrode was used for posterior cricoarytenoid (PCA) muscle recordings. Mean activation levels were derived from rectified signals (in muV) for quartiles of each respiratory cycle: the first and second halves of the inhalation, and the first and second halves of the exhalation. The mean activation was converted into the % of maximum activity for the same muscle during deep inhalation to normalize the measures of muscle activation across subjects. On a two way ANOVA, respiratory interval effect (P less than 0.0001), subject effect (p less than 0.0001), and interval by subject interaction (p less than 0.0014) were significant. The muscle activation increased in abductory (PCA) muscles during inhalation. However PCA kept active during exhalation in certain degree. Significant difference in PCA activity among subjects was found. Using the sliding window average over 100 msec time constant, PCA activation pattern during respiration was classified into 4 categories: phasic activity during exhalation, phasic activity during inhalation and exhalation, and non phasic activity unrelated to the respiratory cycle. The classification was carried out in 8 subjects. 5 out of 8 subjects revealed phasic inhalation pattern (62.5%) and 3 subjects showed non-specific phasic activity. Big difference among subjects in activation level and activation pattern of the PCA was suggested.

Humans↗
PubMed1989

[Concurrence of acute autonomic and sensory neuropathy and myasthenia gravis--a case report and pathogenetic considerations].

A 22-year-old woman admitted to the hospital on Mar. 19, 1985 because of syncopal attacks and numbness on the limbs. Examination revealed peripheral sympathetic as well as parasympathetic dysfunctions and loss of myelinated as well as unmyelinated fibers in a biopsied sural nerve. A diagnosis of acute autonomic and sensory neuropathy (AASN) was made. She was treated with prednisolone but did not respond to the therapy. Only L-DOPS was effective on orthostatic hypotension. Recovery of the neurological conditions was insufficient till May 1987, when she complained of easy fatigability when speaking and chewing. Pharmacological and electrodiagnostic tests showed typical myasthenic phenomenon. At this time, serum anti-ACh receptor antibody was 741nmol/l and a diagnosis of myasthenia gravis was confirmed. Anti-ACh receptor antibody was proven to be elevated in the serum collected on April 1985 when the initial symptom of AASN had appeared. A thymectomy resulted in prompt and complete remission of semiologies of both myasthenia gravis and AASN. These suggest that immunological abnormality might play an important role in the pathogenesis of AASN in this case.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Induction of theophylline metabolism by pentobarbital.

Theophylline concentrations in plasma and urine were determined during maintenance treatment in nine healthy volunteers during one dosage interval before and after 10 days of simultaneous treatment with pentobarbital (100 mg each night). During the pentobarbital period, total plasma clearance of theophylline increased by 40% (range -4-79%), whereas renal clearance remained unchanged. It is concluded that therapeutic doses of pentobarbital induce the metabolism of theophylline with marked interindividual variation.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[A case of tubular adenoma of the breast preoperatively suspected to be an advanced cancer].

A very rare case of a tubular adenoma of the breast is reported. The patient, 59-year-old woman, was admitted to hospital because of a large, left breast tumor. The tumor, 11 cm in diameter, was adhered to the surface skin. Because a malignancy was suspected, an incisional biopsy was first carried out. A pathologic examination revealed it to be a tubular adenoma, and a simple mastectomy was chosen as the operative procedure because a latent malignancy was not ruled out. The removed tumor was grossly cystic and a histological examination supported the finding that it was a non-malignant tubular adenoma.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1988

Severe orthostatic hypotension in a female carrier of Fabry's disease.

A 21-year-old woman in a family with a history of Fabry's disease showed orthostatic hypotension and whorl-like corneal opacity typical for Fabry's disease. Biochemical studies revealed that she was a heterozygote of the Fabry gene. A variety of autonomic function tests demonstrated both sympathetic and parasympathetic dysfunction. To our knowledge, the present case is the first report of a heterozygous female carrier of Fabry's disease presenting dysfunction of the autonomic nervous system.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Sex differences in physical dependence on methaqualone in the rat.

The establishment of, and sex differences in, physical dependence on methaqualone (MQ) in rats were studied by the drug-admixed food (DAF) method. Female and male rats were treated with MQ-admixed food on the same schedule of gradually increasing doses (0.5 and 1 to 6 mg of methaqualone/g of food). Only female rats showed hypothermia from MQ at 1 and 2 mg/g and motor incoordination from MQ at 4 and 6 mg/g of food. Moreover, after MQ withdrawal, severe withdrawal signs, including convulsions and death, were observed in female rats, but not in male rats. We also instituted a different schedule of graded increases in dose (1 and 2 to 10 and 12 mg/g of food) to develop physical dependence on MQ in male rats. Under this schedule male rats exhibited a hypothermia and severe motor incoordination from MQ 6 and 8 mg/g of food condition. After MQ withdrawal, various severe signs of MQ withdrawal occurred, including tremor, convulsions and death. These results demonstrate that severe physical dependence on MQ in both sexes can be established using the DAF method, and that there are marked sex differences in the physical dependence on MQ.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Basement membrane proteoglycan in various tissues: characterization using monoclonal antibodies to the Engelbreth-Holm-Swarm mouse tumor low density heparan sulfate proteoglycan.

The Engelbreth-Holm-Swarm mouse tumor has been found to produce at least two molecular species of heparan sulfate proteoglycan, a low density one (LD) and a high density one, which differ not only in core proteins but also in glycosaminoglycan structures (Kato, M., Y. Koike, Y. Ito, S. Suzuki, and K. Kimata. 1987. J. Biol. Chem. 262:7180-7188). With aim at investigating their distribution and possible functions in tissues, monoclonal antibodies were produced. Hybridomas obtained by fusion of NS-1 mouse myeloma cells with spleen cells from the rat immunized with a mixture of these proteoglycans were selected by their ability to react with the antigen. Two of them secreted monoclonal antibodies (IgG2a), designated HK-84 and HK-102, that recognize specifically the core protein moiety of LD. Immunofluorescent staining of various tissues (skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle, lung, brain, and kidney) with these monoclonal antibodies has demonstrated that the antigen molecules were present in all basement membranes of these tissues. SDS-PAGE of heparitinase-treated proteoglycan fractions prepared from these tissues and subsequent immunoblotting using these monoclonal antibodies have confirmed that the antigen molecule was LD, and further suggested that there was a tissue-specific variation in the core molecular size. Based on these results, we propose that LD may be an essential component in all basement membranes.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1988

Gastric carcinoma metastatic to the breast diagnosed by mucosubstance histochemistry and electron microscopy.

Bilateral breast tumors with a histologically scirrhous pattern were conclusively diagnosed as gastric carcinoma metastatic to the breast using mucosubstance histochemistry and electron microscopy. The majority of the carcinoma cells gave histochemically positive reactions for galactose oxidase-Schiff, stable class III con A, and high-iron diamine-alcian blue (HID-AB). Also electron microscopically, numerous HID-positive mucus droplets (sulfomucin) were seen in the carcinoma cells. These findings invalidated the possibility that the carcinomas were primary breast cancer. The practical applications of distinctive patterns of mucus secretion are discussed.

Adenocarcinoma, Scirrhous↗
PubMed1988

Cross-physical dependence of several drugs in methaqualone-dependent rats.

We investigated the characteristics of physical dependence on methaqualone. Rats were made physically dependent on methaqualone by the use of the drug-admixed food (DAF) method for 33 days. Pentobarbital, barbital, ethanol and diazepam were cross-administered against methaqualone to evaluate the degree of suppression of methaqualone withdrawal signs as an index for the cross-physical dependence liability of these drugs to methaqualone. To evaluate the cross-physical dependence liability, we used AUC of body weight loss and withdrawal scores between the first cross-administration (9 hr after the withdrawal) and 27 hr after the withdrawal. AUC of weight loss was significantly suppressed by the four test drugs as compared to each control. Withdrawal scores were also significantly inhibited by the cross-administration of barbital, ethanol and diazepam. Considering that the rats given barbital or ethanol fell asleep after the cross-administration, diazepam seems to cause the strongest suppression of methaqualone withdrawal signs among the four test drugs. Thus, physical dependence on methaqualone may be similar by nature to that on benzodiazepines rather than barbiturates and alcohol.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Genetic differences in preferences for morphine and codeine in Lewis and Fischer 344 inbred rat strains.

Preferences for morphine and codeine in two inbred strains of rats, Lewis and Fischer 344 (F344), were systematically investigated using the drug-admixed food (DAF) procedure. Rats were allowed access to food only between 10:00 a.m.-4:00 p.m., but allowed free access to water. The rats were allowed to choose either DAF (0.5 mg/g) or normal food on the first day and then were allowed access only to DAF on the second and third days. After this schedule was repeated 10 times, they were again allowed to choose either DAF or normal food for a successive 8 days. In both strains, preferences for morphine and codeine rapidly increased; the preferences in Lewis rats were significantly higher than those in F344 rats during the daily choice trials. In the range of 0.25 to 1 mg/g for the DAF concentration, there was a negative correlation between the preference and concentration in Lewis and F344 rats, except in the codeine group of F344 rats. When a test dose (60 mg/kg and 30 mg/kg, s.c., in Lewis and F344 rats, respectively) of morphine or codeine was given at 30 min before the beginning of the choice trial, Lewis rats, but not F344 rats, showed a significantly lower preference for the respective drug. The above results indicate that genotype is an important determinant of the degree of preferences for morphine and codeine.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Viral infection in acute peripheral facial palsy. Investigation in Yamagata Prefecture.

We studied viral involvement in Bell's palsy and Ramsay Hunt syndrome. In the CF test, viral infection was confirmed in 2 of 84 patients. Of the 12 patients with Ramsay Hunt syndrome, 5 showed a significantly high titre for varicella zoster and one for rubella. The ELISA test, performed in 60 patients with Bell's palsy, revealed significantly high titres for varicella zoster in 5 patients and for herpes simplex in 4 patients. All 5 patients with Ramsay Hunt syndrome showed significantly high titres for varicella zoster. The ELISA test showed a higher sensitivity than the CF test. The incidence of viral infection in the present study was lower than that in similar investigations. Possible reasons for this are epidemicity or regional differences year from year.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1988

Nationwide investigation on diagnostic methods for facial palsy.

We investigated the present status concerning the performance of examinations of facial nerve function for facial palsy, based on statistics obtained from the project supported by a Grant-in-Aid for Co-operative Research (A) from the Ministry of Education. The project is called An Epidemiological and Clinical Study on the Idiopathic Facial Palsy. In an analysis of the questionnaire "individual investigation card for idiopathic facial palsy" obtained from 28 medical facilities throughout Japan between 1984 and 1986, the outline of the examinations performed for peripheral facial palsy was examined.

Electrodiagnosis↗