Biomedical subjects

Y Koike

Publications and source records attributed to Y Koike.

At least 181 records · Page 10Linked to original sources

PubMed1994

Detection of peripheral vestibular disorders by the pendular rotation test in cats.

Unilateral vestibular disorders were induced in 3 cats by means of the injection of a small amount of sodium hydroxide into the middle ear, and vestibulo-ocular responses (VOR) to various kinds of pendular stimulation were investigated at 1 week and at 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 months after the operation. The pendular rotation test was performed at frequencies of 0.025, 0.1, 0.25 and 0.5 Hz, and peak velocities of 50, 100, 150, and 200 degrees/s, and the directional preponderance of the VOR gain (DP%) was measured using a computer. DP% 1 week after the operation was still very high at each frequency and velocity of the stimulation. On the other hand, DP% more than 1 month after the operation had decreased markedly, although it increased with an increase in the velocity of stimulation at all frequencies except at 0.5 Hz, and DP% at a velocity of 200 degrees/s was still high even 5 months later. This suggests that high velocity pendular stimulation should be used to detect unilateral vestibular disorders.

Animals↗

PubMed1994

Ocular abnormalities in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

It has long been known that the oculomotor system is not involved in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). In early stages. Some authors suggest oculomotor abnormalities in some patients. In the present study, quantitative analysis of ocular movements including smooth pursuit eye movements, optokinetic nystagmus (OKN), visual suppression of vestibular nystagmus (VS), and horizontal saccades were investigated in 9 patients with ALS. These patients were neurologically diagnosed as having ALS in the early stage. The results were as follows: The velocity of saccade was markedly reduced in 4 patients. In addition, there were abnormalities of smooth pursuit (one patient), OKN (one patient) and visual suppression (2 patients). Furthermore, these abnormalities were observed more often in patients with bulbar signs. In conclusion, the results suggest a existence of ocular abnormalities in ALS, even at early stages.

Adult↗

PubMed1994

Quantitative analysis of oblique ocular movements.

In the present study, oblique saccadic eye movements in the orthogonal and oblique directions were investigated in 10 normal subjects, and a computer program was used to accomplish quantitative assessment of oblique eye movements. Eye movements were recorded with direct-current electronystagmography (DC-ENG) and a 12-bit analog to digital converter was used to collect analog data of horizontal and vertical eye position, and stimulus signals at a sampling rate of 200 Hz. The oblique eye movement was displayed two-dimentionally on a high-resolution color graphic terminal for the evaluation of the trace of eye movements, and the peak velocity and the amplitude of the horizontal, vertical and oblique saccades were calculated. It was frequently found that the tracing line in the oblique saccadic eye movement was not completely straight, but loosely curved. The velocity of the vertical component of the oblique saccade was much lower than that of the horizontal component. This suggests that oblique saccades might be made by synchronized but independent vertical and horizontal pulse generators, and the system developed this time might be very useful for investigation of oblique eye movements in both the clinical and physiological field.

Adult↗

PubMed1994

Clinical advantages of electroneurography in patients with Bell's palsy within two weeks after onset.

One of the advantages of applying ENoG to patients with Bell's palsy resides in its quantitative determinability for the axons which do not undergo wallerian degeneration. The relation between the ENoG value each day after onset and during the recovery process was investigated in 551 patients with Bell's palsy within 2 weeks after onset in order to consider the diagnostic value of ENoG. It was discovered that ENoG on patients with Bell's palsy makes it possible to reveal the extent of wallerian degeneration by 7 days after the onset of palsy. Accordingly, treatment of Bell's palsy should be administered within the above 7 days; as early as 8 days after onset, exact prognostic diagnosis and judgment of therapeutic effect from ENoG values were concluded to be practicable.

Action Potentials↗

PubMed1994

Facial nerve palsy in children: clinical aspects of diagnosis and treatment.

Eighty-two children with facial palsy aged less than 6 years were examined. Sixty-four cases, excluding patients with congenital and traumatic palsy, were distributed through the ages, but a predominant tendency to symptomatic palsy for cases aged less than 2 years was observed. Facial movement scoring was not practical in prognostic diagnosis in cases aged under 4 years, while ENoG was useful in all age-groups. Of 58 cases of acute peripheral facial palsy, 29 were observed clinically but given no treatment, 9 were given steroids, and 16 were given vitamins and other drugs. In the patients with acute peripheral facial palsy in whom a follow up study was performed, 56 cases (96.6%) showed complete recovery. The time of recovery was independent of treatment. Facial palsy in children is considered to have a good prognosis regardless of treatment. Steroid administration thus does not appear to be necessary in children with acute facial palsy.

Acute Disease↗

PubMed1994

Diagnosis and treatment for Bell's palsy associated with diabetes mellitus.

The method of detecting diabetes mellitus and estimating the diabetic control status in patients with Bell's palsy, and the effect of high-dose steroid therapy for Bell's palsy accompanied by diabetes were investigated. From October 1987, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) was introduced to detect diabetes in 288 out of 372 patients with Bell's palsy, as a screening test for DM. Thirty-six diabetics with complete facial palsy were treated by high dose steroid therapy as described by Stennert. Hemoglobin A1c was useful in diagnosing diabetes and in assessing the diabetic control. Many patients under diabetic therapy kept their diabetes under good control. In cases of complete palsy, high-dose steroid therapy, at a cure rate of 97.4%, was highly effective in treating diabetes-accompanied Bell's palsy.

Adult↗

PubMed1994

Recording of single fiber electromyography in patients with peripheral facial palsy.

We determined muscle fiber density with single fiber electromyography (SFEMG) to discuss the condition of re-innervation after the recovery of facial movement in cases of peripheral facial palsy. Muscle fiber density was then compared with electroneurography (ENoG) which is thought to correlate with the severity of facial neuropathy in the early stage after the onset. The degree of neuropathy and subsequent recovery of innervation was also discussed. The subjects were 36 patients with peripheral facial palsy (30 patients with Bell's palsy and 6 with Hunt's syndrome), treated at our hospital, in whom ENoG could be recorded within 2 weeks after the onset. Muscle fiber density was determined after the recovery of facial movement. As a control, muscle fiber density was determined in 11 normal adults, and muscles on the healthy side in 23 patients with Bell's palsy. Muscle fiber density was 1.44 +/- 0.15 (mean +/- S.D.) in normal adults and 1.51 +/- 0.18 on the healthy side in patients, showing no significant difference. Data on the affected side were divided into 4 groups according to the minimum ENoG level within 2 weeks after onset and were compared with the normal group. In all cases with an ENoG level of 40% or more, muscle fiber densities were normal, and no significant differences were noted between the affected side and the healthy side. In cases with an ENoG level of less than 40%, muscle fiber density increased significantly with increasing severity of denervation. These findings suggest that collateral sprouting is absent in cases of peripheral facial palsy who show an ENoG level of 40% or more, or no wallerian degeneration.

Action Potentials↗

PubMed1994

Electrophysiological study on the pathology of synkinesis after facial nerve paralysis.

By conducting electrophysiological tests on patients with facial nerve paralysis, the characteristics of synkinesis and the mechanisms of its manifestations were examined. The subjects were 114 patients of facial nerve paralysis on whom electroneurography (ENoG) and the blink reflex were conducted. As a result, it was indicated that synkinesis could be determined by the blink reflex, and that the frequency of synkinesis manifestation increased with severity of paralysis. From examination during the latent period, early component (SI) recognized in the cases of synkinesis was found to be the waveform which passed the fibers with a slow conducting speed. It was not related to the degree of degeneration of nerves for either the severe or light degeneration of nerves. From the above result it was concluded that synkinesis is generated as a misdirection of reproduced nerves.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1994

Facial nerve enhancement in Gd-MRI in patients with Bell's palsy.

The diagnostic value of a contrast enhanced MRI in patients with Bell's palsy was investigated. It was a characteristic finding that the internal acoustic meatal segment of the facial nerve was enhanced only on the affected side. The signal intensity ratio of the geniculate ganglion and the tympanic segment was significantly higher on the affected side than on the normal side. The severity of the facial palsy and the results of physiological examinations showed no relation to the results of MRI scans. Gd enhanced MRI thus appears to provide some useful findings for estimating the affected region of Bell's palsy, whereas it is not considered to be valuable in the diagnosis of severity.

Contrast Media↗

PubMed1994

Gd-DTPA enhanced MRI in Ramsay Hunt syndrome.

Ten patients with Ramsay Hunt syndrome underwent magnetic resonance (MR) scans. In many examinations, abnormal enhancement of the 7th nerve in the internal acoustic meatal segment through the mastoid segment was observed. Out of seven patients with cochlear and/or vestibular symptoms, only one showed abnormal enhancement of the 8th nerve, in addition to the 7th. The other 6 patients showed the same findings as in Bell's palsy, showing no enhancement of the 8th nerve. This suggests that clinical symptoms have no relation to the results of MRI. Enhanced MRI is the most sensitive means of making differential diagnoses between Hunt's syndrome and tumors, but it is impossible to detect all lesion sites corresponding to the symptoms in Hunt's syndrome.

Adult↗

PubMed1994

Deltopectral flap for one-stage reconstruction of pharyngocutaneous fistulae following total laryngectomy.

Postoperative pharyngocutaneous fistulae are troublesome complications after total laryngectomy. To manage this complication, we devised an operative method consisting of a one-stage repair using a deltopectal flap. With this technique we can immediately cover both skin and pharyngeal defects. We have applied this method to 5 patients all of whom have successfully recovered their swallowing function.

Aged↗

PubMed1994

Trapezius osteomyocutaneous flap in reconstructive surgery for mandibular and oral defects.

A scapular-trapezius osteomyocutaneous flap was used for mandibular reconstruction in 4 cases of oral cavity carcinoma after segmental resection of the mandible. In 3 cases, both the flap and bone took well, and the functional and morphological results were satisfactory. In one case, impaired venous return resulted in flap necrosis; a second reconstruction was performed using a rib-latissimus dorsi osteomyocutaneous flap. Functional disturbances of the donor site were minimal and, because the donor site was on the back, the cosmetic result was excellent. This flap is a bone-attached compound flap using the transverse cervical artery and veins as the vascular bundle, and is thought to be useful in the reconstruction of mandibular defects associated with extensive tissue defects of the oral cavity.

Aged↗

PubMed1994

Effects of supernatant from tonsillar cell culture on neutrophil functions.

The palatine tonsil is the most important element of Waldeyer's ring as a defense mechanism against various microorganisms. The neutrophils are the initial active participants in bacterial infection and inflammation, but their interaction with other cellular participants is poorly understood. To clarify this point, the effects of culture supernatant from human tonsillar cells on the peripheral neutrophil function were investigated. Supernatants from tonsillar cells were incubated in the presence or absence of streptococcal preparation (OK-432) enhanced chemiluminescence, adherence, phagocytosis, chemotaxis, and superoxide production of human peripheral neutrophils. The results suggest that tonsils play an important role in the regulation of neutrophil function.

Bacterial Infections↗

PubMed1994

Neutrophil activating activity of tonsillar cells from patients with tonsillitis.

The previous paper demonstrated that tonsillar cells cultured in vitro in the presence or absence of a streptococcal preparation, OK-432, produce factors that activate various neutrophil functions. In the present study, examination was made of the factor productivity of tonsillar cells from patients with chronic tonsillitis of varying severity, and palmoplantar pustulosis (PPP). Tonsillar cells from patients with severe tonsillitis and PPP incubated with culture medium alone produced a much greater amount of active factors compared with those from patients with mild tonsillitis. When tonsillar cells were incubated in the presence of OK-432, augmentation in factor production by the addition of OK-432 was less in former than latter cases, suggesting that factor production from tonsils correlates with the course of inflammation in this organ.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1994

Detection of anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA) using the immunoperoxidase method.

Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA), which are present in Wegener's granulomatosis (WG) and other systemic vasculitis, were detected using the immunoperoxidase method rather than the indirect immunofluorescence method. It was possible to distinguish ANCA patterns (c-ANCA, p-ANCA) by the immunoperoxidase method. When neutrophil smears were treated with 0.4% hydrogen peroxide solution, the endogenous peroxidase activity was sufficiently inhibited. ANCA was also detected, using HL-60 cells (human promyelocytic leukemia) and THP-1 cells (human myelocytic leukemia) as substrates.

Antibodies, Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic↗

PubMed1994

Eosinophil and eosinophil cationic protein in allergic rhinitis.

To evaluate the roles of eosinophils in allergic rhinitis, eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) levels in sera and nasal secretions were measured in 28 patients with allergic rhinitis. In patients, blood eosinophil counts and serum ECP levels were significantly higher than in controls (p < 0.05). However, there was no statistically significant correlation between blood eosinophil count and serum ECP level (r = 0.025). The number of eosinophils and the ECP level in nasal secretion were also measured. In patients, the ECP level increased with the number of eosinophils, and the ECP level in nasal secretion was significantly higher than in controls (p < 0.05). These results suggest that eosinophils and ECP play important roles in allergic rhinitis.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1994

Perceived motion in structure from motion: pointing responses to the axis of rotation.

We investigated the ability to match finger orientation to the direction of the axis of rotation in structure-from-motion displays. Preliminary experiments verified that subjects could accurately use the index finger to report direction. The remainder of the experiments studied the perception of the axis of rotation from full rotations of a group of discrete points, the profiles of a rotating ellipsoid, and two views of a group of discrete points. Subjects' responses were analyzed by decomposing the pointing responses into their slant and tilt components. Overall, the results indicated that subjects were sensitive to both slant and tilt. However, when the axis of rotation was near the viewing direction, subjects had difficulty reporting tilt with profiles and two views and showed a large bias in their slant judgments with two views and full rotations. These results are not entirely consistent with theoretical predictions. The results, particularly for two views, suggest that additional constraints are used by humans in the recovery of structure from motion.

Attention↗

PubMed1994

[Movement-related cortical potential upon stepping forward].

We investigated movement-related cortical potentials (MRCPs) in 10 healthy subjects when they were stepping the right leg forward volitionally from the standing position, and compared with MRCPs associated with the foot dorsiflexion solely in sitting position. We recorded electroencephalogram (EEG), electrooculogram, surface electromyogram (EMG) on lower limb, and statokinesigram. We examined each EMG onset and several points on the statokinesigram as trigger points. MRCPs triggered by the right tibialis anterior, the left gastrocnemius, and the left soleus muscle had slow negative potentials containing slow phase and steeper phase. The potentials of both phases had the largest gradient at Cz. MRCPs triggered by the EMG onset of these three muscles resembled those associated with the foot dorsiflexion in their wave form, time course, and distribution pattern, but spread widely over the anterior recording sites. On the other hand, MRCPs triggered by the first deviation on the statokinesigram--by that first deviation assumed to take the first and foremost movement in this paradigm, were found to be delayed after the trigger point. The tibialis anterior muscle contributes to elevating a foot, and the contralateral gastrocnemius and soleus muscle to sustaining the weight. We were able to record apparent MRCPs when we adopted these EMG bursts, which play an important role in stepping forward, as trigger points. These records will be useful to analyze the mechanism of gait disturbance.

Action Potentials↗