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Biomedical subjects

Y Koga

Publications and source records attributed to Y Koga.

At least 433 records · Page 24Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

[Four cases of Fabry's disease mimicking hypertrophic cardiomyopathy].

Four patients with Fabry's disease diagnosed by right ventricular endomyocardial biopsy had cardiac manifestations simulating hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). Case 1: A 51-year-old woman, whose elder sister had congestive heart failure, was hospitalized for exertional dyspnea and cardiomegaly. Her electrocardiogram (ECG) showed a short PQ interval (0.10 sec) and left ventricular hypertrophy. Her echocardiogram (Echo) showed moderate symmetrical hypertrophy of the left ventricle (IVST/PWT = 18 mm/17 mm). Case 2: A 32-year-old woman, whose elder sister had an abnormal ECG, was hospitalized for the ECG abnormalities consisting of a short PQ interval (0.10 sec) and ST-T changes in the left precordial leads. The Echo revealed mild symmetrical hypertrophy of the left ventricle (IVST = 13 mm, PWT = 13 mm). Case 3: A 44-year-old man was hospitalized for his ECG suggestive of left ventricular hypertrophy, and his Echo showed asymmetrical septal hypertrophy (ASH; IVST = 22 mm). Case 4: A 51-year-old man was hospitalized for his ECG showing high voltage in the left precordial leads, and his Echo showed ASH (IVST = 20 mm). The cardiac histopathological findings of these cases included cytoplasmic vacuolization by light microscopy, and electron-dense deposits consisting of parallel or concentric lamellae with periodic spacing, suggesting Fabry's disease. The urinary glycolipids of Case 1 were increased biochemically; then the diagnosis of Fabry's disease was confirmed. Cardiac hypertrophy in Fabry's disease has many aspects, because the histopathological changes and clinical manifestations are determined by genetic factors. It was concluded that Fabry's disease may be concealed in some patients with the clinical diagnosis of HCM.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Quantitative conversion of diether or tetraether phospholipids to glycerophosphoesters by dealkylation with boron trichloride: a tool for structural analysis of archaebacterial lipids.

A method for preparing glycerophosphoesters from ether phospholipids by dealkylation with boron trichloride (BCl3) is described. Treatment of ether phospholipids in chloroform with BCl3 for 30 min at room temperature yielded almost quantitatively the corresponding glycerophosphoesters retaining the intact polar head group of the ether phospholipids. Thus, glycerophosphocholine, glycerophosphoinositol, glycerophosphoglycerol, glycerophosphoserine, glycerophosphate, and glycerophosphoethanolamine were prepared from the diether analogs of phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylserine, and phosphatidic acid, and the tetraether analog of phosphatidylethanolamine, respectively. BCl3 also cleaved diacyl, alkyl-acyl, and alk-1-enyl-acyl forms of phospholipids to yield corresponding glycerophosphoesters. The glycerophosphoesters were separated more rapidly by cellulose thin-layer chromatography with the same solvent system as in paper chromatography. This method is of great use for structure determination of glycerophosphoester backbones of ether phospholipids, analogous to the mild alkaline methanolysis of diacyl form of phospholipids, as well as for the analysis of alkyl chains. It is, however, not applicable to glycolipids because of cleavage of glycosidic bonds by BCl3.

Archaea↗
PubMed1988

[Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy with left ventricular dilatation].

There is increasing interest in the notion that some patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) progress to morphological and functional manifestations similar to those of dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). From 165 consecutive patients with HCM, 20 patients with left ventricular dilatation (left ventricular end-diastolic diameter greater than or equal to 50 mm) were selected and designated as dilated HCM. The diagnosis of HCM was established in these patients either by detection of the classical form of HCM in family members, with 2-dimensional echocardiographic evidence of asymmetric septal hypertrophy (ASH; septal thickness greater than or equal to 15 mm and a ratio of septal to posterior wall thickness greater than or equal to 1.3); or by demonstrating myocardial fiber disarray in autopsy or biopsy samples. The clinical manifestations of these patients with dilated HCM were then compared with those of other forms of HCM without left ventricular dilatation; 1) 40 patients with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM) who had resting intraventricular pressure gradients of 20 mmHg or more, 2) 80 patients with non-obstructive HCM, each of whom had ASH of the entire ventricular septum (typical ASH), and 3) 25 non-obstructive patients whose hypertrophy was localized to the apical region of the ventricular septum (apical ASH). Patients having apical hypertrophy with a spade-like configuration on the left ventriculogram were excluded from the study. Compared with HOCM and typical ASH groups, the patients with dilated HCM had family histories of significantly more frequent HCM and less frequent hypertension. The patients with dilated HCM also had significantly less fractional shortening (FS), decreased interventricular septal thickness, greater left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP), and left ventricular dilatation. During the follow-up period (average: 3.5 years), seven patients (35%) with dilated HCM died; five from congestive heart failure (CHF), one suddenly, and one three days following mitral valve replacement. The other five patients had CHF at the time of their follow-up examination. The patients with apical ASH had clinical features similar to those of dilated HCM; a higher familial frequency, less marked septal hypertrophy, and higher LVEDP. They tended to develop left ventricular dilatation, associated with reduced fractional shortening, although left ventricular diameter at end-diastole did not exceed 50 mm. These findings suggested that dilated HCM is not a rare condition. It is observed in 12% of consecutive patients with HCM.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1988

The production of interleukin 1 by a differentiating rat myelomonocytic leukemia line.

We have succeeded in isolating a rat myelomonocytic leukemia cell line (c-WRT-7) that is capable of producing a factor with biological and biochemical properties similar to those ascribed to interleukin 1 (IL-1). Lipopolysaccharides (LPS), phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) and mezerein were found to be capable of inducing c-WRT-7 cells to secret IL-1, while non-stimulated c-WRT-7 cells were unable to produce any IL-1 whatever. After treatment of c-WRT-7 cells with LPS, IL-1 activity reached a maximum level after approximately 48 hrs of culture. Supernatants from LPS-stimulated c-WRT-7 cells promoted the proliferation of thymocytes initiated by suboptimal doses of lectins, and restored depressed mitogenic responses of macrophage depleted spleen cells. However, no detectable interleukin 2 (IL-2) activity was observed in the supernatants of LPS-stimulated c-WRT-7 cells. The IL-1 from c-WRT-7 cells had an apparent molecular weight between 15,000 and 20,000 when measured by gel filtration. The thymocyte comitogenic activity was maintained mainly at alkaline pH and the reduction was noted at the pH below 4. The activity was partially inactivated by heating at 60 degrees C for 60 min or at 70 degrees C for more than 10 min. Papain and pronase reduced the activity completely, whereas chymotrypsin and trypsin had little effect. To our knowledge this is the first established rat myelomonocytic leukemia cell line that has been found to be capable of producing IL-1.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Primary pulmonary amyloidosis with multiple nodules.

A 61-year old asymptomatic woman had a five-year history of pulmonary nodular lesions on routine radiographs. She underwent open lung biopsy, which revealed nodular lesions in the lungs and thickened pleura. Histological examination showed amyloid deposits in the pulmonary parenchyma and adjacent pleura. Congo Red staining of the specimen demonstrated green birefringence under polarized light. This affinity for Congo Red dye remained after potassium permanganate treatment, suggesting primary amyloidosis. Multiple nodular amyloidosis of the lungs should be included in the differential diagnosis of multiple pulmonary nodules.

Amyloidosis↗
PubMed1987

Cytopathogenic protein in filtrates from cultures of Propionibacterium acnes isolated from patients with Kawasaki disease.

Propionibacterium acnes may have a role in Kawasaki disease. Filtrates from cultures of P acnes isolated from cervical lymph node biopsy specimens and blood samples from patients with Kawasaki disease were studied and compared with samples from control subjects. After inoculation of human embryo liver cells with filtrates from the patients a cytopathogenic effect and vacuolation were seen. A specific cytopathogenic substance was found in only the filtrates of cultures from patients with Kawasaki disease; it was a protein of about isoelectric point 7.0 with a molecular weight of about 100,000 daltons. The amount of IgG antibody to this cytopathogenic protein was measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in serum samples taken from 63 patients in the acute phase of Kawasaki disease (mean 5.2 (SD 1.1) days after onset of illness), 45 in the subacute phase (mean 23.6 (3.3) days), and 51 in the convalescent phase (mean 18.5 (4.1) months) and from 102 control subjects matched for age. Titres of IgG antibody were significantly raised in patients with Kawasaki disease, particularly in the acute and subacute phases of the illness, compared with in the control subjects. Titres of IgG antibodies to cytopathogenic protein were found to be low in normal children below the age of 4 years but they increased with age thereafter. This may explain why outbreaks of Kawasaki disease, which is most common in children aged under 4, occur every three years.

Antibodies, Bacterial↗
PubMed1987

Simultaneous multivessel coronary artery spasm demonstrated by quantitative analysis of thallium-201 single photon emission computed tomography.

Thallium-201 myocardial scintigraphy with quantitative analysis of emission computed tomography was performed during episodes of angina in 19 patients with variant angina and nearly normal coronary arteriographic findings. Eleven patients (group I) were shown by arteriography to have spasm in 2 or more large coronary arteries. Eight patients (group II) had spasm in only 1 coronary artery. In 7 patients in group I, significant diffuse perfusion defects simultaneously appeared in multiple coronary artery regions on the scintigram (group IA). The extent and severity of the perfusion defect as measured by thallium-201 tomography were significantly greater in group IA than in group II (p less than 0.001 and p less than 0.01, respectively). The duration of transient ST-segment elevation during the attack in group IA was significantly longer than in group II (p less than 0.001). The incidence of ventricular arrhythmias, including ventricular tachycardia, or complete atrioventricular block during the anginal attack was significantly higher (p less than 0.05) in group IA than in group II. In all study patients, neither attack nor scintigraphic perfusion defect appeared on the repeat test after oral administration of nifedipine. In conclusion, multivessel coronary artery spasm simultaneously appears and causes the attack in many patients with variant angina and nearly normal coronary arteriographic findings, and myocardial ischemia due to simultaneous multivessel coronary spasm is likely to be more extensive and severe, persist longer and have a higher frequency of potentially dangerous arrhythmias than that due to spasm of only 1 coronary artery.

Angina Pectoris, Variant↗
PubMed1987

Comparative data on cytophotometric DNA in malignant lesions of the esophagus in the Chinese and Japanese.

Cell DNA content was microspectrophotometrically determined in tissues of advanced esophageal carcinoma of 50 Chinese and 82 Japanese subjects. DNA distribution patterns were classified into Types I, II, III, and IV, according to the degree of dispersion and the peak value on the DNA histogram. The proportions of high ploidy (Types III and IV) in Chinese and Japanese patients were 68% and 81.7%, respectively. Overall 5-year survival rates of the Chinese and Japanese were 25.3% and 19.8%, respectively. Five-year survival rates of patients with Types II, III and IV were 45.7%, 23.8% and 0% in Chinese patients and 57.1%, 16.1%, and 0% in Japanese patients, respectively. Thus, differences in nationality were not related to the prognosis. The incidences of high ploidy group in those with an advanced esophageal carcinoma were high and were associated with a poor prognosis in both races. DNA distribution pattern of esophageal carcinoma reflected the outcome and malignant potential in the Chinese and the Japanese.

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell↗
PubMed1987

T-cell recruitment from the thymus to the spleen in tumor bearing mice: phenotypical alteration and recruitment of thymocytes raised in a tumor bearing state.

Intrathymic events in mice bearing methylcholanthrene induced fibrosarcoma (MBS-1) were examined using mainly flow cytometric analysis. Ten days after tumor inoculation, the number of whole thymocytes was remarkably decreased. Surface phenotypical analysis by flow cytometry showed that the proportion of thymocytes with a low density of peanut agglutinin (PNAlow thymocytes), which is about 30% in normal mice, was increased to 70%. Histologically, the greater part of the thymus was occupied by the cortex. Moreover, the ratio of proliferating cells was increased in the PNAhigh cells. These findings in in vivo experiments suggested that a tumor bearing state would alter phenotypical characteristics of cortical thymocytes (PNAhigh, Thy 1high, H-2low) to medullary type (PNAlow, Thy 1low, H-2high). To support this hypothesis, in vitro experiments were performed using cultured thymic lymphoma EL4 cells, which possessed an immature thymus cell phenotype. Addition of serum from MBS-1 bearers to the culture medium of EL4 cells differentiated their phenotypical characteristics to the medullary type. Thus, it is assumed that factors in tumor bearers induce a massive migration of thymocytes by altering of phenotypes.

Animals↗