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Biomedical subjects

Y Kodama

Publications and source records attributed to Y Kodama.

444 records · Page 25Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

ALDH2 polymorphism and biological monitoring of toluene.

In this study, we evaluated the effects of the genetic polymorphism of ALDH2 (low Km aldehyde dehydrogenase) on toluene metabolism and determined biological exposure indices (BEIs) of the genotypes of ALDH2. The study subjects included 45 toluene workers and 122 nonexposed students. The genotype of ALDH2 was classified into the homozygous genotype of normal ALDH2 (NN), the homozygous genotype of an inactive one (DD), and the heterozygous genotype of normal and inactive ones (ND) by means of artificial-RFLP. The personal exposure levels to toluene were monitored, using diffusion type samplers and urinary hippuric acid (HA) and creatine concentrations were determined. The urinary HA levels of the three genotypes of ALDH2 of nonexposed students did not differ. In the toluene workers, positive correlations between the personal exposure to toluene and urinary HA levels were observed in the NN, ND, and DD groups. The urinary HA level of the DD group was significantly lower than that of the NN or ND group. Regression lines were used to estimate the BEIs of the NN, ND, and DD groups, which were approximately 2.9 g/g creatinine, 3.3 g/g creatinine, and 1.9 g/g creatinine, respectively.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The effects of egg-derived antibodies to glucosyltransferases on dental caries in rats.

The role of Streptococcus mutans in the development of dental caries is well recognized. Important virulence factors include the glucosyltransferases (gtf), essential for production of glucans. We evaluated the anticariogenic effects of orally administered chicken anti-cell-associated (CA) Gtf antibodies in desalivated rats. The animals were infected with S. mutans MT8148R and treated with chicken anti-CA-Gtf egg yolk antibodies (IgY) or nonimmune egg yolk powder. Smooth surface lesions were significantly lower in the anti-CA-Gtf-treated group in comparison to the control groups. Sulcal surface caries was also decreased and of less severity. Our study suggests that chicken anti-CA-Gtf antibodies may have promise as a prophylaxis for high caries risk patients.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Treatment of retinoblastoma with argon laser photocoagulation.

Treatment of retinoblastoma with argon laser photocoagulation in a five-month-old boy is described. His right eye had been enucleated for a large retinoblastoma. A small lesion in the left eye was successfully treated with argon laser. The patient has retained good vision without any complication and there has been no evidence of recurrence for four years.

Argon↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The preventative effect of the antifibrinolytic agents, epsilon-aminocaproic acid and tranexamic acid, on stress ulcer formation in rats.

The effect of the antifibrinolytic agents, epsilon-aminocaproic acid (EACA) and tranexamic acid (t-AMCHA), on acute gastric ulcers induced by cold restraint stress in rats was studied. Intravenous administration of 500 mg/Kg of EACA and t-AMCHA before exposure to stress significantly reduced the severity of gastric bleeding and ulcer formation (P less than 0.01). These agents did not affect gastric acid secretion in pylorus-ligated rats. The results indicate that antifibrinolytic agents may be beneficial in the prevention of stress ulcers in man and support the concept that local gastric fibrinolysis may play a role in the pathogenesis of stress ulcers.

Aminocaproates↗
PubMedDate not supplied

N-acetylation polymorphism in patients with lung cancer and its association with p53 gene mutation.

We determined the polymorphic N-acetyltransferase 2 (NAT2) genotype of 124 patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and 376 control subjects using a PCR-based assay. The slow acetylator genotype was present in 17 (14%) of 124 NSCLC patients and in 40 (11%) of 376 control subjects. The relative risk of slow acetylators compared with rapid acetylators in patients with adenocarcinoma was 2.01 (p = 0.05). This trend was more marked when the analysis was confined to patients under the age of 65 (relative risk, 2.7; p = 0.03). No such trend was identified in patients with squamous cell carcinoma. We also determined the incidence of p53 gene mutations to investigate the possibility of a link between this gene mutation and N-acetylation polymorphism. There was no significant association between p53 gene mutations and NAT2 polymorphism in the overall NSCLC group. However, the incidence of p53 mutations in adenocarcinoma patients under the age of 65 who had the slow acetylator genotype was 63% compared with 38% in patients with the rapid or intermediate acetylator genotype. These findings suggest that the slow acetylator phenotype may be linked to the impaired metabolism of a carcinogen that predisposes individuals to p53 gene mutations, and thus may be associated with an increased risk of pulmonary adenocarcinoma.

Acetylation↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Cytochrome P450 2E1 polymorphism as a risk factor for lung cancer: in relation to p53 gene mutation.

The distribution of cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) genetic polymorphism was compared in 126 patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and 612 control subjects by PCR-based assay. Incidence of C type (c2/c2) of CYP2E1 polymorphism in the patients with squamous cell carcinoma (9.4%) was significantly higher than that in healthy controls (4.1%) or in the patients with adenocarcinoma (2.7%) within the Japanese population. The relative risk (95% confidence limit) of C type compared with A and B type in patients with squamous cell carcinoma was 2.45 (0.92-6.48). The incidence of p53 gene mutation was studied in an association with CYP2E1 polymorphism. When all the NSCLC patients were considered, the incidence of p53 mutations in type C (85.7%) was significantly higher than that of A and B type (32.8%). It is suggested that C type of CYP2E1 may define individuals at an increased risk of squamous cell carcinoma through the impaired metabolism of a certain carcinogen which predisposes to p53 gene mutation.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Systemic amyloidosis in laying Japanese quail.

Systemic amyloidosis was seen in laying Japanese quail in a flock of a farm rearing 95,000 birds. The clinical signs included decreased egg production, anorexia, white diarrhea, and subcutaneous abscesses of the head. Histologically, amyloid deposited predominantly in the spleen and liver. In addition, there were lesser degrees of amyloidosis in other organs (pancreas, kidney, heart, lung, gastrointestinal tract). Amyloid stained positively with Congo red and thioflavin T. Immunohistochemically, amyloid substance stained positively against amyloid A protein, but not with amyloid protein derived from light chains of immunoglobulins, transthyretin of familiar amyloid polyneuropathy, amyloid protein of dermal amyloidosis, nor amyloid P component. Ultrastructurally, amyloid substance consisted of many nonbranching amyloid fibrils about 10 nm in diameter.

Abscess↗