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Biomedical subjects

Y Kobashi

Publications and source records attributed to Y Kobashi.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

[Bacterial flora of the respiratory tract in patients with long term tracheostomy--colonization of the lower respiratory tract by Pseudomonas aeruginosa].

Throat secretions (TS) and bronchial secretions aspirated from tracheostomy sites (TSTA) from six subjects with long term tracheostomy were simultaneously collected and then cultured every two weeks from January, 1990, to December, 1992. Isolated bacteria were mainly alpha-streptococci (96.2%) and Neisseria (69.6%) in TS, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (75.7%) in TSTA. In all cases, P. aeruginosa was isolated from and colonization of the lower respiratory tract by this organism was apparent 24.4 months, on average, after tracheostomy. There were ten episodes of respiratory infection in five cases, eight of which occurred after colonization. P. aeruginosa was the causative organism in seven of these episodes. Findings in patients with long term tracheostomy indicated separate colonization of the upper and lower respiratory tracts and that P. aeruginosa colonized the lower respiratory tract. The colonization of the lower respiratory tract by P. aeruginosa would thus appear to be an important factor inducing respiratory infection.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

The fibrosing process in so-called organized diffuse alveolar damage. An immunohistochemical study of the change from hyaline membrane to membranous fibrosis.

On the assumption that some cases of organized diffuse alveolar damage (DAD) result from organization of hyaline membrane, we collected nine autopsy cases of DAD in various stages of the fibrosing process from hyaline membrane to membranous fibrosis and studied changes in the basement membrane and epithelial cells immunohistochemically. In the majority of cases, the following sequence of events was assumed: the hyaline membrane is first formed at the tip of the alveolar septum, a part of the alveolar duct wall where epithelial cells have disappeared. With time it elongates and completely covers alveolar mouths. In the organizing stage, fibroblasts start to permeate through the alveolar duct walls to replace the hyaline membrane completely and to form membranous fibrous tissue. In a few cases, however, fibrous tissue will fill alveolar spaces to form intraluminal diffuse fibrosis. Alveolar epithelial cells and the basement membrane of the alveolar walls are well preserved until the end of the organizing stage when the basement membrane becomes distorted. We believe that membranous fibrosis represents a form of "alveolar duct damage" and that it differs from diffuse fibrosis, which is indicative of diffuse alveolar damage in the true sense.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

High expression of the Epstein-Barr virus latent protein EB nuclear antigen-2 on pyothorax-associated lymphomas.

Pyothorax-associated lymphoma (PAL) is a rare tumor associated with long-standing tuberculous pyothorax. Most of these lymphomas are B-cell lymphomas of high-grade malignancy. Over 50 cases have been reported in Japan, but no cases have been described in Western countries. Its pathogenesis remains unknown. We studied immunohistologically the expression of Epstein-Barr virus- (EBV) encoded latent gene products, EB nuclear antigen-2 and LMP-1, in four cases of PAL. Fifty B-cell lymphomas unrelated to pyothorax, and five EBV-bearing lymphoblastic tumors produced in severe combined immune deficient mice (severe combined immune deficient-EBV+ tumors) were also studied as controls. Marked expression of EB nuclear antigen-2 was demonstrated on all four PALs. LMP-1 was also present in all cases, but both the staining intensity and the number of stained cells remained less than on severe combined immune deficient-EBV+ tumors. Neither EB nuclear antigen-2 nor LMP-1 was observed in the 50 control B-cell lymphomas. Additional molecular genetic analysis revealed that EBVs are incorporated into each PAL clonally. These results confirm the definite association of EBV with PALs, although the significance of weak expression of LMP-1 awaits further study.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

Comparative study of penetration of lomefloxacin and ceftriaxone into transudative and exudative pleural effusion.

We investigated the transpleural penetration of lomefloxacin (LFLX) and ceftriaxone (CTRX). LFLX (200 mg) was administered orally to three patients with transudative fluid and four with exudative fluid, and 2 g of CTRX was administered by drip infusion to four patients with transudative fluid and three with exudative fluid. For both groups that received LFLX and CTRX, blood samples were drawn at time zero and 1, 2, and 6 h after drug administration. Thoracocentesis of each group was performed at 6 h after drug administration. The mean ratios of concentrations in pleural fluid/maximum concentrations in serum (P/S max) of LFLX were 66% in patients with transudative fluid and 69% in patients with exudative fluid. The mean ratios of P/S max of CTRX were 9.1% in patients with transudative fluid and 13.5% in patients with exudative fluid. The P/S max ratios for the penetration of LFLX were five to six times higher than those for CTRX. In addition, there was less differentiation in concentrations of LFLX in pleural fluid between the transudative and exudative effusions than there was in the concentrations of CTRX.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

[A case of so-called carcinosarcoma of the lung].

A 65-year-old male was admitted to our institute because of bloody sputum. A tumor in right S6 was detected by X-ray, CT and MRI. Bronchoscopic study showed that the right lower bronchus was occluded by the tumor, in which non-epithelial malignant cells were detected. Therefore right bilobectomy was performed. This tumor was a pedunculated endobronchial type measuring 6 x 4 x 3cm. Histologically, the tumor presented carcinomatous (squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma) and sarcomatous elements. Immunohistologically, many malignant cells were positively stained by vimentin and muscle-actin, which suggested differentiation from muscle components.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

[Study of the duration of antimicrobial chemotherapy in mycoplasmal pneumonia].

We assessed the period of administration of antibiotics required for cases of mycoplasmal pneumonia. The subjects were 38 patients with mycoplasmal pneumonia admitted to our hospital. These patients were treated with 100 mg minocycline or 500 mg erythromycin by intravenous infusion twice a day. They were divided into a 6 day-administration group (Group A; 16 cases) and a 9 day-administration group (Group B; 17 cases). Administration was discontinued on the 4th day or earlier in 5 cases due to side effects. A comparative assessment was made between Groups A and B with respect to body temperature, WBC, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, CRP, and chest X-ray on the 3rd, 6th, and 9th days of treatment, but no significant difference was observed. Residual shadows at the end of treatment were present in 100% of Group A and in 47% of Group B, but they disappeared gradually in both groups. No cases of recurrence were observed in either Group A or B within 1 month after the completion of treatment. Regarding the treatment period for mycoplasmal pneumonia by intravenous infusion of minocycline or erythromycin, no significant clinical difference was observed between the 6 day-administration group and the 9 day-administration group, suggesting that 6 days of administration is sufficient for treatment.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Pallido-nigro-luysian atrophy, progressive supranuclear palsy and adult onset Hallervorden-Spatz disease: a case of akinesia as a predominant feature of parkinsonism.

Few parkinsonian patients present with 'pure akinesia' or with severe akinesia accompanied by only mild rigidity, tremor and other manifestations such as ophthalmoplegia. Pathological examinations of such cases have rarely been conducted and have revealed findings compatible with progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), pallido-nigro-luysian atrophy (PNLA) or Parkinson's disease. We report a parkinsonian patient whose main clinical feature was akinesia. A postmortem study of this patient showed findings corresponding to PNLA and PSP. Histochemical properties of the pallidal pigment granules were equivalent to those of Hallervorden-Spatz disease (HSD) and striatonigral degeneration. In addition to iron-positive pigment granules, spheroids, severe neuronal loss and gliosis in the globus pallidus and substantia nigra, formation of Alzheimer's neurofibrillary tangle (NFT) in the brainstem shares characteristics with PSP, adult onset HSD and PNLA. We suggest that the underlying pathology of 'pure' akinesia is most often situated in the globus pallidus substantia nigra and subthalamus (Luys), and that PSP, PNLA and adult onset HSD may constitute a spectrum of one disease.

Atrophy↗
PubMed1991

[Etiological examination of idiopathic interstitial pneumonia and lung cancer in autopsy cases].

In order to investigate the etiology of usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP) and UIP with lung cancer (LC), autopsy findings in 18 cases of UIP with LC and 11 cases of uncomplicated UIP were clinicopathologically compared with the environmental factors of smoking habits and occupation. UIP with LC was highly correlated with smoking, especially heavy smoking and with occupations in which dust is inhaled, such as electrical installation and ceramic production, indicating that these environmental factors are important background factors in the complication of UIP with IC. Pathologic examination of cases of UIP with LC (6 squamous cell carcinomas, 5 small cell carcinomas, 4 adenocarcinomas, and 3 large cell carcinomas, 2 of which showed pulmonary double carcinoma revealing a slight correlation between fibrosis and primary site of LC and a slightly greater correlation of squamous cell carcinoma and small cell carcinoma to smoking habits and inhalation of dust. In terms of the correlation between UIP and LC among autopsy cases, the environmental factors proved to be more significant than the fibrotic findings. These environmental factors are thought to merit consideration as common predisposing factors in the development of LC and its complication with UIP.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

[Clinicopathological features of metastatic pulmonary calcinosis with malignant neoplasm].

Metastatic pulmonary calcinosis is a rare complication seen in malignancies accompanied by hypercalcemia, or chronic renal failure. We reviewed the clinicopathological findings of 8 cases of metastatic pulmonary calcinosis accompanied malignancy revealed at autopsy. The underlying diseases were malignant lymphoma in 3 cases (adult T cell lymphoma in 2 cases), multiple myeloma in 2, lung cancer in 2, and acute myelocytic leukemia in 1, all cases were complicated by hypercalcemia and renal failure. Chest X-ray revealed almost normal findings in 2 cases, bilateral diffuse infiltrates in 4, bilateral infiltrates in the apex in 1, and right atelectasis in 1. Bone scintigraphy was performed in 4 cases, and revealed warm pulmonary uptake in 1 patient with multiple myeloma and 1 with lung cancer, but normal findings in the 2 other cases. Histopathological examination revealed diffuse alveolar septal edema and fibrosis due to calcium deposition, which were considered to be the cause of respiratory failure. Metastatic pulmonary calcinosis is a rare but a serious complication in malignancies accompanied by hypercalcemia and renal failure, and bone scintigraphy seems to be a useful method for its diagnosis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

[Clinicopathological study of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus detected by pulmonary microbial culture in autopsied cases].

Microbial culture of lung specimens from 569 autopsied cases from 1986 to 1989 revealed methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in 28 cases, which were subsequently analyzed clinicopathologically. The number of MRSA positive cases has markedly increased in recent years (2 cases in 1986, 2 in 1987, 6 in 1988, 18 in 1989). The most frequent underlying disease was neoplasm, which was seen in 17 cases. Of non-neoplastic diseases, liver cirrhosis and diffuse panbronchiolitis were prevalent. Twenty-four cases had received a course of antibiotic therapy. Antibiotics frequently administered were third-generation Cephem and Imipenem/cilastatin sodium (used in 20 cases). Antibiotics o which MRSA was sensitive were administered in only one case (minocycline). Sputum culture was performed in only 10 cases, 5 of which were MRSA positive. MRSA had acquired resistance to fosfomycin and ofloxacin. Histological examination revealed complication by pneumonia in 19 cases. In 7 of these 19 cases, MRSA was the only pathogen detected. Pulmonary MRSA infection detected at autopsy is frequently seen in patients with terminal stage cancer, but it is frequently not diagnosed and is undertreated. This may be a factor responsible for the recent marked increase in the proportion of MRSA in pathogens causing infection within medical institutions.

Cross Infection↗
PubMed1991

[Investigation of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) levels and pyrimidine nucleoside phosphorylase activities in the tissues from patients with uterine cervical and ovarian cancers after oral administration of 5'-DFUR].

The usefulness of 5'-DFUR in both patients with uterine cervical and ovarian cancers was investigated by determining pyrimidine nucleoside phosphorylase (PyNPase) activities and 5-FU levels in cancerous and normal tissues resected from them after oral administration of 5'-DFUR. In uterine cervical cancer, each group of 9 cases administered single dose of 400 mg of 5'-DFUR and 7 cases administered 400 mg of 5'-DFUR 3 times a day continuously for 7 days was investigated. In ovarian cancer, all of 9 cases were administered 400 mg of 5'-DFUR 3 times a day continuously for 7 days. In conclusion, PyNPase activities in the tissues of uterine cervical and ovarian cancers were higher than those in the normal tissues. 5-FU tissue levels in the cancerous tissues were significantly higher than in the normal tissues and blood as well. This tendency was observed in each of the single and continuous administration groups. These results suggest that the tumor selectivity which is one of characteristics of 5'-DFUR could be expected also for cancer in the field of gynecology.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1991

[Cellular interstitial pneumonia and follicular bronchiolitis diagnosed by open lung biopsy in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis].

A 54-year-old woman under treatment for rheumatoid arthritis was admitted because of aggravation of dyspnea on effort and restrictive pulmonary dysfunction. Although chest X-ray revealed no marked change, the symptoms progressively worsened, necessitating open lung biopsy for diagnosis and treatment. Based on the histopathological findings of the biopsied tissue, the patient was diagnosed as having active rheumatoid lung complicated with cellular interstitial pneumonia and follicular bronchiolitis. The patient responded well to adrenocorticosteroid and immunosuppressor therapy, and is now being followed up as an outpatient. Rheumatoid arthritis can be complicated by diverse lung diseases. Among them one important disease is interstitial pneumonia, which serves as a prognostic factor. When cellular interstitial pneumonia is treated with adrenocorticosteroid therapy, it responds well and its prognosis is good. Therefore, its early detection and appropriate adrenocortical therapy are essential. Patients with rheumatoid arthritis presenting with dyspnea on effort and pulmonary dysfunction should be examined for cellular interstitial pneumonia, follicular bronchiolitis and other lung diseases, even when no marked change is visible on chest X-ray films.

Arthritis, Rheumatoid↗
PubMed1991

Lymphoproliferative diseases of the lung in Japan: review of thirty-six patients with an immunohistochemical study.

Thirty-six cases of primary lymphoproliferative disease of the lung, collected from hospitals in Japan, have been reviewed. Histologically they were divided into three groups: definite lymphoma (DL) showing monomorphous proliferation of medium to large cells (17 cases), small lymphoid cell proliferation (SLP) frequently containing lymphoid follicles (11 cases), and pseudolymphoma showing lymphoid follicular hyperplasia (LFH) (six cases) or mixed diffuse infiltration of small lymphocytes and macrophages (two cases). In some DL cases, lymphoid follicles were present in or near the tumors. Pulmonary lesions in SLP and LFH patients were frequently detected at their medical checkups. Immunohistochemistry revealed that proliferating cells in 15 out of 17 DL and all SLP cases were B cells with restricted expression of the immunoglobulin light chain, all lambda type, in three DL and four SLP cases. From morphologic and immunologic findings, 10 SLP cases were diagnosed as intermediate lymphocytic lymphoma (ILL) and one as being of lymphoplasmacytic type. Two DL cases with convoluted nuclei proved from immunohistochemistry to be of T-cell type, showing a much lower frequency of T-cell type than that found in the USA (approximately 50%).

Antigens, Differentiation↗
PubMed1991

[Two cases of appearance of a new intrapulmonary lesion during antituberculous chemotherapy in tuberculous pleuritis].

We encountered two cases of infected primary complex in which a new intrapulmonary lesion appeared during antituberculous chemotherapy with RFP and INH. These were from 19 cases of tuberculous pleuritis which we treated in the past seven years. In the first case, the intrapulmonary lesion appeared 1 month after the initiation of antituberculous chemotherapy and disappeared at 4 months when the same chemotherapy was continued. In the second case, the lesion appeared 4 months after antituberculous chemotherapy was begun and disappeared at 13 months in the same manner. No particular abnormalities in clinical symptoms or laboratory findings were observed when the new intrapulmonary lesion appeared. In neither case had the lesion been hidden behind pleural effusion. The following causes were been thought to be responsible for the phenomenon rather than the so called initial reversible roentogenographic progression; In the first case, steroid therapy had been used for a short time, and in the other case, dose of antituberculous drugs had been reduced due to a drug allergy.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Extranodal non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the head and neck. A clinicopathologic study in the Kyoto-Nara area of Japan.

The clinicopathologic features of 114 Japanese patients with extranodal non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the head and neck region were analyzed. The median age was 60.5 years and the male:female ratio was 1.5:1. The most common site of involvement was Waldeyer's ring, followed by the oral cavity, thyroid gland, paranasal sinuses, nasal cavity, and larynx. Seventy-five percent of the patients were in Stage I or Stage II at admission. Histologically, diffuse lymphoma accounted for 94% and follicular lymphoma for 6% of cases. The histologic grade according to the Working Formulation System of the National Cancer Institute was low in 11%, intermediate in 75%, and high in 14% of cases. Immunohistochemical study showed that the majority of the cases were of B-cell type and only 13 cases (11%) were of the T-cell type. Peripheral T-cell lymphomas (eight cases) mainly occurred in the nasopharynx and nasal cavity, whereas four of five thymic T-cell lymphomas were found in the palatine tonsil. The over-all 5-year survival rate was 54%, and the factors affecting survival were sex, histologic grade, T/B phenotype, clinical stage, and the site of initial presentation. Five-year survival with nasal cavity and Waldeyer's ring lymphoma was 24% and 46%, respectively. The poor prognosis of lymphomas at these sites might result from the predominance of T-cell lymphoma, the paucity of low grade lymphoma, and the relatively high incidence of cases that were in an advanced stage at presentation. In Stage II, patients treated with combined therapy tended to have a better 5-year survival rate than those treated with radiotherapy alone.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Aleukemic leukemia cutis.

A 39-year-old man had multiple nodules on the skin. The appearance of atypical monocytes in a skin biopsy specimen preceded the onset of overt acute monocytic leukemia by 14 months.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Angiotropic lymphoma with histologic features of neoplastic angioendotheliomatosis presenting with predominant respiratory and hematologic manifestations. Report of a case and review of the literature [corrected].

Neoplastic angioendotheliomatosis (NAE) is a rare fatal disease characterized by widespread intravascular proliferations of neoplastic mononuclear cells. Clinically, dermatologic and bizarre neurologic manifestations usually predominate. The origin of the neoplastic cells remains still undetermined. The authors report a patient with NAE peculiar with respect to the following points: (1) the patient predominantly manifested respiratory symptoms and hematologic findings and lacked cutaneous or neurologic manifestations; and (2) immunohistochemical and molecular genetic studies showed the B-cell nature of the neoplastic cells, although previous cases with predominant respiratory or hematologic manifestations were reported to be of endothelial origin. Despite the rarity, this type of NAE or angiotropic [corrected] lymphoma should be recognized because it is easily confused with other disorders, particularly vasculitis or thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura.

Aged↗