[Clinical value of peak hold DSA (PH-DSA) for transcatheter arterial embolization of head and neck lesions].
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Adolescent↗
Biomedical subjects
Y Kitamura
Publications and source records attributed to Y Kitamura.
Genetically mast-cell-deficient W/Wv and Sl/Sld mice. Their value for the analysis of the roles of mast cells in biologic responses in vivo.
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Animals↗
Genetically mast cell-deficient W/Wv mice as a tool for studies of differentiation and function of mast cells.
Genetically mast cell-deficient W/Wv mice are useful for the analysis of mast cell biology, especially as recipients of bone marrow cells and skin pieces. Inasmuch as suspension and clonal cultures of mast cells have been developed, we combined these in vivo and in vitro systems. Suspension-cultured mast cells had morphological and biochemical characteristics similar to those of mucosal mast cells (MMC). However, i.p. injection of such cultured mast cells gave rise to development of cells with characteristics similar to those of connective tissue mast cells (CTMC). When peritoneal cells of normal +/+ mice were cultured in methylcellulose, pure mast cell colonies appeared. Cells from individual mast cell colonies were divided and injected into the skin and stomach wall of W/Wv mice; CTMC developed in the skin and MMC in the stomach mucosa. This indicates the presence of a common precursor for CTMC and MMC. Morphology of such bipotent mast cell precursors was studied by using micromanipulation. About 4% of morphologically identifiable peritoneal mast cells may function as the bipotent precursors. Although W/Wv mice showed a defect in resistance against ixodid ticks, injection of suspension-cultured mast cells normalized the defect. The four examples mentioned above indicate that combinations of in vivo and in vitro systems increase the usefulness of W/Wv mice.
Animals↗
Normalization of anti-tick response of mast cell-deficient W/Wv mice by intracutaneous injection of cultured mast cells.
Genetically mast cell-deficient (WB X C57BL/6)F1-W/Wv mice show a defect in manifestation of resistance against larval Haemaphysalis longicornis ticks. In order to obtain direct evidence for anti-tick roles of mast cells, we examined whether intracutaneous injection of cultured mast cells normalized the defect of W/Wv mice. Bone marrow cells of (WB X C57BL/6)F1-+/+ mice were cultured in the presence of pokeweed mitogen-stimulated spleen cell-conditioned medium. More than 95% of the cultured cells were identified as immature mast cells 4 wk after the initiation of the culture; the cells were harvested and directly injected into the skin of W/Wv mice. Mast cells appeared at the injection sites, where the resistance against the ticks was observed. Thus, mast cells developing at the injection sites seem to play an essential role for manifestation of resistance.
Animals↗
[A case of metastatic malignant melanoma mimicking pancreatic pseudocyst].
A 74-year-old male was admitted to our hospital complaining of an abdominal mass. Abdominal US and ERCP disclosed a cyst in the pancreas, communicating with a crater in the stomach. Spontaneous rupture of a pancreatic pseudocyst into the stomach was considered. Laparotomy demonstrated an irregular black pancreatic cyst, and histological examination showed atypical spindle shaped cells with brown to black pigmentation, compatible with malignant melanoma. Autopsy confirmed the diagnosis of malignant melanoma involving the pancreas, stomach and other organs. Efforts to elucidate the primary site were unsuccessful, Metastatic melanoma without a primary site is well known and has been reported to occur in from 2.4% to 8.7% of all cases. This case suggests that malignant melanoma must be considered in cases of tumors with various symptoms and multiple metastases without a definite primary site.
Aged↗
Formation of mast-cell colonies in methylcellulose by mouse skin cells and development of mucosal-like mast cells from the cloned cells in the gastric mucosa of W/Wv mice.
Connective tissue-type mast cells, other than those located in the serosal cavity, are fixed in the tissues. For study of the differentiation processes of mast cells in connective tissue, an in vitro method for producing mast-cell colonies is required. The authors enzymatically dispersed the cells from the skin of either neonatal or adult mice and plated them in methylcellulose containing pokeweed mitogen-stimulated spleen cell-conditioned medium (PWM-SCM). More than 97% of the colonies that developed consisted of mast cells alone. The clonal nature of the mast-cell colonies was determined by using the giant granules of C57BL/6-bgJ/bgJ mice as a marker: even when a mixture of skin cells from C57BL/6-bgJ/bgJ and C57BL/6-+/+ mice was plated, most of the resulting colonies consisted of either bgJ/bgJ-type mast cells alone or +/+-type mast cells alone. In spite of depletion of T-cell-derived factors, concentrations of mast cells and mast cell colony-forming units (CFU-Mast) in the skin of nude athymic mice are normal. However, PWM-SCM was necessary for in vitro development of mast-cell colonies from the skin of nude mice. The concentration of CFU-Mast in the skin of genetically mast-cell-deficient WBB6F1-W/Wv mice was negligible when compared with the value observed in the skin of control WBB6F1-+/+ mice. Individual mast-cell colonies derived from the skin of neonatal WBB6F1-+/+ mice were lifted from the methylcellulose, and cells from each colony were injected into the wall of the glandular stomach and the skin of WBB6F1-W/Wv mice. Most of the mast cell that appeared at the skin injection sites of the WBB6F1-W/Wv mice stained with berberine sulfate, indicating that they contained heparin. In contrast, the mast cells that appeared in the stomach mucosa of the recipient WBB6F1-W/Wv mice did not stain. This suggests that CFU-Mast located in the skin have not been committed to the connective tissue type. The present method may be useful for investigation of the mechanisms of mast-cell differentiation in connective tissue other than the serosal cavity.
Aging↗
Hybrid resistance to parental mast cell precursors in the skin of (WB X C57BL/6)F1-W/Wv mice.
When bone marrow cells of (WB X C57BL/6)F1-+/+ (WBB6F1-+/+) and WB-+/+ (WB) mice were directly injected into the skin of genetically mast cell-deficient WBB6F1-W/Wv mice, mast cell clusters appeared at the injection sites. However, the number of WB bone marrow cells necessary for appearance of mast cell clusters was significantly larger than when bone marrow cells of WBB6F1-+/+ mice were used. When WB bone marrow cells were mixed either with WB thymus cells or with silica particles, the proportion of injection sites at which mast cell clusters appeared increased to the level that was observed after the injection of the same number of WBB6F1-+/+ bone marrow cells. When suckling WBB6F1-W/Wv mice of less than or equal to 18 days of age were used as recipients, bone marrow cells of WBB6F1-+/+ and WB mice produced mast cell clusters with a comparable efficiency. Both syngeneic thymus cells and silica particles are known to abrogate the hybrid resistance that is observed in the spleen against parental hematopoietic stem cells. The hybrid resistance in the spleen is not detectable in suckling mice, either. Thus, the poor growth of mast cell precursors in the skin and the poor growth of hematopoietic stem cells in the spleen seem to be regulated by the same mechanism.
Age Factors↗
The 9-carboxyl group of pyrroloquinoline quinone, a novel prosthetic group, is essential in the formation of holoenzyme of D-glucose dehydrogenase.
Availability of different analogues of pyrroloquinoline quinone as the prosthetic group for apo-D-glucose dehydrogenase was examined. The 9-carboxyl group of pyrroloquinoline quinone was shown to be essential for the reconstitution of the enzyme activity. Although the carboxyl group may not be involved in catalytic function, it is quite probable to contribute the binding of the prosthetic group to apoenzyme.
Carbohydrate Dehydrogenases↗
Development of mucosal mast cells after injection of a single connective tissue-type mast cell in the stomach mucosa of genetically mast cell-deficient W/Wv mice.
Mast cells may be classified into at least two phenotypically distinct populations: connective tissue-type mast cells (CTMC) and mucosal mast cells (MMC). Mast cells in the peritoneal cavity of mice are typical CTMC, whereas mast cells in the mucosa of the stomach show morphologic characteristics of MMC. We investigated whether CTMC may change to MMC. A single peritoneal mast cell of WBB6F1-+/+ mice was identified under the phase-contrast microscope, picked up with the micromanipulator, and injected into the stomach wall of genetically mast cell-deficient WBB6F1-W/Wv mice. The cells with histochemical and electron microscopical features of MMC developed in the mucosa, and those with histochemical features of CTMC in the muscularis propria. This directly demonstrates that a certain proportion of CTMC may function as a bipotent precursor for both MMC and CTMC.
Animals↗
Alpha 2-adrenoceptor-GTP binding regulatory protein-adenylate cyclase system in cerebral cortical membranes of adult and senescent rats.
The characterization of [3H]clonidine binding and effects of GTP, forskolin, islet-activating protein (IAP) and cholera toxin on adenylate cyclase activity were investigated in cerebral cortical membranes from 70-day-old and 2-year-old rats. Neither Kd nor Bmax values in [3H]clonidine binding were changed between day 70 and year 2. The activation of adenylate cyclase by forskolin was significantly higher in senescent than in adult animals. The inhibitory effect of adrenaline, which was completely abolished by the pretreatment with IAP/NAD on forskolin/GTP-stimulated cyclase activity, was low in senescent rats compared to that in adult ones. The stimulatory effect of cholera toxin/NAD was also low at the senescent stage compared to that at the adult stage. It is suggested that ligand binding affinity and the density in alpha 2-adrenoceptors do not change between day 70 and year 2 but that GTP binding and/or coupling activity of inhibitory as well as stimulatory GTP binding regulatory protein to catalytic units decrease in synaptic membranes of 2-year-old compared to those of 70-day-old rat brain.
Adenylate Cyclase Toxin↗
[3H]clonidine and [3H]yohimbine binding to solubilized alpha 2-adrenoceptors from rat cerebral cortex.
Alpha 2-adrenoceptors were solubilized from rat cerebral cortex using the zwitterionic detergent, 3-[(3-cholamidopropyl)-dimethylammonio]-1-propane sulfonate (CHAPS). The CHAPS extract retained binding activity for [3H]clonidine and [3H]yohimbine. Treatment of membranes with 10 mM CHAPS solubilized about 30% of the [3H]clonidine binding sites in the starting membranes. A Scatchard plot of [3H]clonidine binding to the CHAPS extract showed a non-linear curve, indicating the existence of the two distinct binding components. The effects of GTP and cations on alpha 2-agonist and antagonist binding to the CHAPS extract were similar to the effects in membrane preparations. Sepharose CL-4B column chromatography showed the alpha 2-agonist binding complex to be a larger molecule, with a Stokes radius of 85 A, than the alpha 2-antagonist binding complex with a radius of 71 A. These results indicate that the complexes between the alpha 2-adrenoceptors and GTP binding regulatory proteins remain intact throughout the CHAPS solubilization procedure.
Animals↗
Formation of mast cell colonies in methylcellulose by mouse peritoneal cells and differentiation of these cloned cells in both the skin and the gastric mucosa of W/Wv mice: evidence that a common precursor can give rise to both "connective tissue-type" and "mucosal" mast cells.
We investigated the issue of mast cell heterogeneity by cloning mast cell colonies from peritoneal cells in methylcellulose, injecting the cloned cells into the skin and stomach of mast cell-deficient (WB X C57BL/6)F1-W/Wv (WBB6F1-W/Wv) mice, and staining the mast cells that developed in these sites with Berberine sulfate, a fluorescent dye that identifies heparin-containing mast cells. When peritoneal cells of nontreated WBB6F1-+/+ mice were plated in methylcellulose containing pokeweed mitogen-stimulated spleen cell conditioned medium, pure mast cell colonies developed. In contrast, the peritoneal cavity of genetically mast cell-deficient WBB6F1-W/Wv mice lacked the progenitor cells that made mast-cell colonies. The clonal nature of the mast cell colonies was determined by using the giant granules of C57BL/6-bgJ/bgJ mice as a marker: even when mixture of peritoneal cells of C57BL/6-bgJ/bgJ mice and C57BL/6-+/+ mice were plated, all of the resulting colonies consisted of either bgJ/bgJ-type mast cells alone or +/+-type mast cells alone. Individual mast c 11 colonies of WBB6F1-+/+ mouse origin were divided into two parts; one part was directly injected into the wall of the glandular stomach of a WBB6F1-W/Wv mouse, and another part was injected into the skin of the same W/Wv mouse. Injections of 14 of 46 such colonies resulted in development of mast cells in both the "connective tissues" (skin or stomach muscle or both) and the stomach mucosa. Mast cells in the connective tissues were stained with Berberine-sulfate, indicating that they contained heparin, whereas mast cells in the stomach mucosa were not. These results suggest that a single precursor cell can give rise to both "connective tissue-type" and "mucosal" mast cells.
Animals↗
MC3T3-G2/PA6 preadipocytes support in vitro proliferation of hemopoietic stem cells through a mechanism different from that of interleukin 3.
Both MC3T3-G2/PA6 preadipocytes and interleukin 3 (IL 3) can support in vitro proliferation of mouse hemopoietic stem cells (CFU-S). We examined whether MC3T3-G2/PA6 cells produce IL 3 and whether a common mechanism might underlie the action of both of these agents. We used cultured mast cells, DA-1 cells, and FDC-P2 cells as the targets of IL 3 and conditioned medium (CM) of WEHI-3 cells as a source of IL 3. MC3T3-G2/PA6 CM did not support the growth of the above cells. IL 3 mRNA was not detected in the preadipocytes. Since CM obtained from the cocultures of bone marrow cells and MC3T3-G2/PA6 cells did not have a significant effect on the growth of the IL 3-dependent cells, none of the bone marrow cells seem to produce IL 3 under the influence of the preadipocytes. When the factor-dependent cells were cocultured with MC3T3-G2/PA6 cells, the former did not survive, whereas mast cells and DA-1 cells intimately associated with the preadipocytes. Even when bone marrow cells, mast cells, and MC3T3-G2/PA6 cells were cocultured, the number of CFU-S increased, but not that of mast cells. These results seem to exclude the possibility of the action of IL 3 in the microenvironment provided by MC3T3-G2/PA6 preadipocytes.
Adipose Tissue↗
Effect of genetically defined oocyte depletion on production of androgens and oestrogens by ovaries of suckling mice.
Steroid production and histological features of ovaries were compared either among normal +/+ mice of 3-12 days of age or among 12-day old mutant mice with various degrees of oocyte depletion. Whole ovaries were cultured in the medium containing [3H]progesterone and hCG or 4-androstene-3,17-dione and FSH; amounts of [3H]androgens or oestrogens released from the ovaries were assayed. FSH-responsive aromatase activity was detectable in ovaries of +/+ mice on day 3 after birth (2.6 +/- 0.4 pmol/2 ovaries/48 h), but the activity producing androgens from progesterone, under stimulation of hCG, was not detectable even on day 6 after birth (less than 0.1 pmol/2 ovaries/48 h). The androgen-producing activity appeared on day 9 after birth (1.16 +/- 0.25 pmol/2 ovaries/48 h), when follicles with more than two layers of granulosa cells developed. The ovaries of 12-day old Sl/Slt mice contained a considerable number of follicles with a single layer of granulosa cells, but did not contain any follicles with more than two layers of granulosa cells. The ovaries of Sl/Slt mice possessed aromatase activity (3.3 +/- 0.4 pmol/2 ovaries/48 h) but, not androgen-producing activity (less than 0.1 pmol/2 ovaries/48 h). The present results suggest that development of follicles with more than two layers of granulosa cells may induce the activity producing androgens from progesterone under stimulation of LH in suckling mouse ovaries, though the FSH-responsive aromatase activity is present even in follicles with a single layer of granulosa cells.
Androgens↗
Proliferative response of seminal vesicle cells to androgen and estrogen in neonatally castrated mice.
Proliferation and death of androgen- and estrogen-responsive cells in seminal vesicles were compared between neonatally and adult (on Day 60 after birth) castrated mice. Daily injections of either testosterone propionate (TP) or estradiol-17 beta (E2) were started on Day 90 after birth; the incorporation of 5-[125I]iodo-2'-deoxyuridine ([125I]IdUrd) into the whole seminal vesicles was used as an index for proliferation. Although the peak of [125I]IdUrd uptake was observed 3 days after starting TP injections in both neonatally and adult castrated mice, the peak was lower and the period of proliferation was much longer in the former than in the latter. When TP injections were stopped, the fraction of surviving cells that synthesized DNA on Day 3 of TP injections was much larger in neonatally than adult castrated mice. The difference was attributed to the presence of TP-induced proliferation of fibromuscular cells in the neonatally castrated mice but not in the adult castrated mice; only the fibromuscular cells but not epithelial cells survived after stopping TP injections. Although injections of E2 increased the proliferation of epithelial cells but did not the weight of seminal vesicles in adult castrated mice, the same procedure increased the proliferation of both epithelial and fibromuscular cells and the weight in neonatally castrated mice. The E2-induced fibromuscular cells seemed to survive in the presence or absence of E2. The present results seem to indicate that androgen- and estrogen-induced proliferation of fibromuscular cells is irreversible in seminal vesicles of neonatally castrated mice and that the depletion of androgen in the seminal vesicle during neonatal and prepubertal periods is at least in part compensated by the administration of androgen, even after 90 days of age.
Androgens↗
Autonomic nervous function determined by changes of periflux blood flow in the aged.
The periflux blood flow (PBF) in fingers was determined by a periflux laser Doppler flowmeter (PLDF). The patterns of PBF responses to standing and Valsalva's maneuver were analyzed. The PBF responses in both loading tests were well correlated with the results of the conventional autonomic function test. It was, therefore, considered that our method would be useful for assessment of autonomic function. We practically investigated PBF responses in the two loading tests in three groups: young age group (10-39 years), middle age group (40-69 years) and old age group (70-89 years). The old age group showed significant decreases in both sympathetic and parasympathetic functions. It was indicated that this non-surgical and simple autonomic function test will be useful particularly in the elderly.
Adolescent↗
Increased fructose-lysine of nail protein and blood glucose control in diabetic patients.
Furosine, which was formed by acid hydrolysis of fructose-lysine, was determined and used as an indicator of glycosylated protein. The diabetic patients had significantly higher fructose-lysine levels in finger nails than healthy subjects [10.8 +/- 4.6% (mean +/- S.D.) vs 4.2 +/- 1.1%]. The best correlation was found between the fructose-lysine value and the fasting blood glucose level determined 3 to 5 months before sampling nails in diabetics. These results suggest that the furosine derived from fructose-lysine in finger nails may become an indicator of blood glucose control during the past 3 to 5 months in diabetics.
Adult↗
Age-related acceleration of glycation of tissue proteins in rats.
The Maillard reaction on proteins is a nonenzymatic glycosylation that is now termed glycation and produces a ketoamine linkage on the protein. The extent of this glycation was estimated by determining furosine (epsilon-N-(2-furoylmethyl)-L-lysine), which is derived from glycated lysine residues. Glycation of rat sciatic nerve and aorta increased with advancing age for up to 50 weeks and the high degree of glycation was maintained thereafter. The level of hemoglobin did not change significantly after 14 weeks. These results suggest that tissue glycation may increase with aging and may be involved in the mechanism of aging.
Aging↗