Biomedical subjects

Y Kitagawa

Publications and source records attributed to Y Kitagawa.

426 records · Page 24Linked to original sources

PubMedDate not supplied

Urinary beta 2-microglobulin concentration and mortality in a cadmium-polluted area.

A 9-y follow-up study of 3,178 persons who lived in a cadmium-polluted area was conducted to assess the influence of environmental cadmium exposure on long-term outcome. The standardized mortality ratios of the urinary beta 2-microglobulin-positive subjects (> 1,000 micrograms/g creatinine) of both sexes were higher than those of the general Japanese population, whereas the cumulative survival curves were lower than those of the urinary beta 2-microglobulin-negative group. A significant association was also found between urinary beta 2-microglobulin and mortality, using a Cox's proportional hazards model. Moreover, mortality rates increased in proportion to increases in the amount of urinary beta 2-microglobulin excreted. These results suggest that the prognosis for cadmium-exposed subjects with proximal tubular dysfunction is unfavorable. The mortality rate tended to become higher as the severity of renal dysfunction progressed.

Aged↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Effects of colchicine on the synthesis and transport of albumin: a combined electron cytochemical and autoradiographic study.

We investigated the intracellular transport of albumin in the livers of rats treated with colchicine using immunoperoxidase study as well as combined immunoelectron microscopy and autoradiography with [3H]-leucine. Immunoreaction of albumin was observed in all hepatocytes. Its subcellular location was in the rough endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus and lysosomes. After the injection of [3H]-leucine through the portal vein, a combined technique revealed accumulated grains on the albumin-positive Golgi apparatus or the albumin-positive vesicles in the vicinity of the Golgi apparatus. These findings suggest that albumin transport from the Golgi apparatus to sinusoids is disturbed by colchicine. Enzyme histochemistry showed many acid phosphatase-positive lysosomes in hepatocytes of the liver treated with colchicine. Albumin retained in the vicinity of the Golgi apparatus may be digested by lysosomes. An in situ hybridization study with isotopes revealed the presence of silver grains for albumin mRNA in all hepatocytes of livers treated or untreated with colchicine; there was no significant difference in the number of silver grains in the two groups. Therefore, colchicine has very little effect on albumin synthesis in the liver.

Albumins↗

PubMedDate not supplied

CT-CBF correlations of cognitive deficits in multi-infarct dementia.

Fifteen right-handed patients with Multi-Infarct Dementia underwent cognitive testing by the Jacobs Mini-Mental Scale (MMQ), and xenon contrast CT scanning. Local cerebral blood flow (LCBF) and local partition coefficient (L lambda) values were measured by stable xenon contrast CT scanning and potential methodological errors were discussed. Reduced values were graded: 0 = normal, 1 = mild, 2 = moderate, 3 = severe. Graded values were pooled and plotted on composite brain maps to display locations of abnormal L lambda and LCBF values. Topographic brain maps, showing most frequent locations of reduced L lambda values, confirmed the common anatomical locations of multiple cerebral infarcts to be distributed in both thalami, temporal lobes, basal ganglia, left internal capsule and right cingulate cortex. Gray matter flow values were reduced in similar cortical and subcortical regions. There were no correlations between MMQ scores and reduced LCBF values for caudate and lenticular nuclei. Direct and statistically significant correlations were found between reduced MMQ scores and mean LCBF values for left or right frontal cortex, left or right temporal cortex and left or right thalamus. Subgrouping MMQ tests according to functions assessed, indicated that left mid-temporal ischemia correlated with dyscalculia and memory disturbances while ischemia of both frontal lobes correlated with disorientation to time and place.

Aged↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Long-term assessment of cerebral perfusion following STA-MCA by-pass in patients.

A prospective study of mean hemispheric cerebral blood flow (CBF) correlated with clinical status has now been completed for the past 54 months. Thirty-eight patients underwent superficial temporal to middle cerebral artery (STA-MCA) by-pass. They were compared with 22 patients with similar arteriographic lesions and clinical symptoms, treated medically throughout the same interval of time. Assignment to either treatment group was not randomized but depended solely on choice of patient or treating physician. Both groups were matched for age, clinical symptoms, angiographic abnormalities, and CBF values. All patients had proximal occlusion of one internal carotid artery or intracranial occlusive disease of the internal carotid or middle cerebral arteries. CBF measurements and clinical evaluations were repeated at regular intervals up to 54 months following surgery or institution of medical treatment. Mean follow up interval after STA-MCA by-pass was 28.7 months and for medical treatment was 29.7 months. Mean hemispheric CBF values for STA-MCA patients became significantly increased 2 weeks after operation. After that, CBF flow values decreased. At 24 months after surgery, flow values for surgically treated patients were significantly higher than among those treated medically, although there were no differences in flow values between the two groups at 3, 6, 12, 36 and 48 months. Prospective clinical evaluations after STA-MCA by-pass were as follows: 12 (32%) improved with cessation of TIAs and/or neurological improvement, 16 (42%) remained unchanged, 7 (18%) deteriorated (due to new or recurrent strokes) and 3 (8%) expired. Clinical results were the same for medical treatment: 6 (27%) improved, 10 (46%) unchanged, 4 (18%) deteriorated due to new or recurrent stroke, and 2 (9%) expired.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Primary malignant lymphoma of the brain--clinical and pathological investigations.

Clinical and pathological studies were made on 5 patients (1 male and 4 females; average age, 58.2 years) with primary malignant lymphoma of the brain. One case had received long-term immunosuppressive therapy for SLE. The most common initial signs and symptoms were non-specific and non-localized. They included headache, disorientation and consciousness disturbance. During the course, the signs and symptoms consisted of consciousness disturbance (5 cases), hemiparesis (4 cases), headache (3 cases), dementia (2 cases), seizures (2 cases), and diplopia (1 case). The tumors on CT scans appeared as slight hyperdense areas in 3 cases, and as isodense areas in 1 case with enhancement following contrast media infusion, which was compatible with previously reported results. However, the other case showed diffuse hypodense areas without enhancement which has rarely been reported. Multiple lesions were found in 4 cases. Three cases underwent cerebral angiography which demonstrated avascular masses. Pathologically, the tumors were located in the cerebral hemispheres in 5 cases, the basal ganglia and thalamus in 3 cases, the brain stem in 2 cases, and the cerebellum in 2 cases. Three cases were classified as of the diffuse, large cell type, 1 case as small cleaved cell and 1 case as immunoblastic. Thus, the clinical diagnosis of primary malignant lymphoma of the brain still remains difficult because the symptoms and CT findings are so varied.

Aged↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Further evidence that altered p16/CDKN2 gene expression is associated with lymph node metastasis in squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus.

Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) has high malignant potential with a poor outcome. Lymph node metastasis is the most useful indicator for predicting the outcome of ESCC. The p16/MTS1/CDKN2 gene and the cyclin D1/PRAD-1 gene cooperatively regulate CDK4-mediated phosphorylation of RB protein in the cell cycle. We immunohistochemically detected p16, cyclin D1, and RB expressions in both primary lesions and metastatic lymph nodes in ESCC. Among the 50 ESCC primary lesions, 24 (48%) were positive for p16, while 26 (52%) were negative for p16. Sixteen (32%) were p16-positive, 34 (68%) were p16-negative among the 50 ESCC metastatic lymph nodes. Eight cases (16%) were p16-positive in primary lesion and p16-negative in lymph node, however, no cases that was p16-negative in the primary tumor exhibited p16-positivity in metastatic lymph nodes (p < 0.0001). Seventeen (34%) of the 50 ESCC primary lesions were cyclin D1-positive, while 33 (66%) were cyclin D1-negative. Twenty-four (48%) were cyclin D1-positive, 26 (52%) were cyclin D1-negative among the 50 metastatic lymph nodes. Five cases (10%) were cyclin D1-positive in primary lesion and cyclin D1-negative in lymph node, and 12 cases (24%) were cyclin D1-negative in primary lesion and cyclin D1-positive in lymph nodes. Nine cases (18%) were RB-negative in 50 primary lesions, and the rate of loss of RB expression in metastatic lymph nodes was not markedly higher than in primary lesions. Thirty-nine (78%) of 50 primary lesions and 46 (92%) of 50 metastatic lymph nodes had altered expression of at least one of the three G1 control genes. Tumor cell with disruption of these cell cycle regulators can get a growth advantage and metastatic potential during tumor progression, especially p16/CDKN2 alterations may be associated with lymph node metastasis in ESCC. These results also suggest that tumor cells in metastatic lymph nodes may have more aggressive proliferation and higher malignant potential than tumor cells in primary lesions.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Correlation between EGF receptor expression and peplomycin cytotoxicity in squamous cell carcinoma cell lines.

The relationship between sensitivity to anti-cancer agents and EGF receptor expression on squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) cells was investigated. The cytotoxicity of peplomycin (PEP) was correlated with the number of the EGF receptors expressed on the cancer cells, but no correlations were found between the cytotoxicity of adriamycin and cisplatin and EGF receptors. Addition of TNFalpha increased the number of EGF receptors in the SCC cell lines 1.5- to 2-fold. The cytotoxic effect of combined administration of PEP and TNFalpha was correlated with the number of EGF receptors, and produced a 2- to 5-fold increase in IC50 compared with administration of PEP alone. These observations suggest that EGF receptor expression is closely associated with the cytotoxic effect of PEP on SCC cells.

Antibiotics, Antineoplastic↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Epidermal growth factor receptor-dependent cytotoxic effect of anti-EGFR antibody-ribonuclease conjugate on human cancer cells.

We have conjugated the murine monoclonal antibody (528) against the human epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) to mammalian pancreatic ribonuclease (RNase) via N-succinimidyl-3-(2-pyridyldithio) propionate (SPDP) and 2-iminothiolene (2-IT). The conjugate showed dose-dependent cytotoxicity against EGFR-producing squamous cancer cells (A431, TE8, TE5, Ca9-22) and no detectable cytotoxicity against EGFR-deficient small-cell lung cancer cells (H69). The cytotoxicity of the conjugate was positively correlated with the EGFR numbers of each cell line. The addition of excess 528 antibody to the medium protected A431 cells from the conjugate cytotoxicity. This immunoconjugate might be useful for targeted treatment of squamous cell carcinomas hyperexpressing EGFR.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Hepatic blood flow after acute biliary obstruction and drainage in conscious dogs.

BACKGROUND AIMS: Obstructive jaundice is a factor which effects hepatic blood flow and the relative contribution of the hepatic arterial flow and portal venous flow. In this study, and were measured in conscious dogs and the influence of biliary obstruction and drainage was investigated. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Hepatic arterial flow (HAF) and portal venous flow (PVF) after biliary obstruction and subsequent drainage were continuously measured in conscious dogs using implantable transit time ultrasonic flow-meters. RESULTS: After biliary obstruction hepatic arterial flow rapidly increased compared to the pre-obstructed values(p < 0.01), while portal venous flow was significantly decreased (p < 0.01). Total hepatic blood flow was initially increased (p < 0.01) until 2 hours after obstruction. It then decreased gradually. After 2 weeks, it was less than the pre-obstructed values, but this was not significant. Biliary drainage was performed after 2 weeks. Hepatic arterial flow subsequently decreased (p < 0.01) and portal venous flow increased (p < 0.05). Blood flow did not change. CONCLUSION: Biliary obstruction resulted in significant changes in liver circulation. Biliary drainage facilitated recovery from these changes.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Adrenal metastasis from hepatocellular carcinoma--report of a case.

A 66-year-old man presented with an epigastric tumor demonstrated by both ultrasonography and computed tomography as hepatocellular carcinoma. He referred himself to a specialist at another hospital who performed transarterial embolization (TAE) of the hepatic artery. But the serum alpha fetoprotein (AFP) concentration gradually rose after the procedure. A right adrenal metastasis was discovered by computed tomography 9 months after his presentation, 8 months after first embolization. When TAE was performed for this metastasis, there was transverse palsy of the lower limb secondary to spinal artery embolization. He returned to our hospital where a right adrenectomy was performed 14 months after his first presentation. The operation was successful and he was discharged 6 weeks later. But he was readmitted in 8 months with an elevated serum AFP concentration and died within 2 weeks. The details of this case are presented, and the indications for resection of adrenal metastasis from hepatocellular carcinoma are discussed.

Adrenal Gland Neoplasms↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Aggressive appearance of non-ossifying fibroma with pathologic fracture: a case report.

An 11-year-old boy presented with a lytic lesion in the proximal humeral metaphysis. In spite of an aggressively reactive appearance on plain radiography and MR imaging, this lesion proved to be a non-ossifying fibroma. Fracture of the cortical shell probably contributed to the relatively wide zone of transition and periosteal reaction on plain radiography and the reactive change on MR imaging.

Bone Neoplasms↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Clinical features, image analysis, and laparoscopic and histological liver findings in Budd-Chiari syndrome.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Clinical manifestations and histological features of the liver in Budd-Chiari syndrome (BCS), with or without idiopathic membranous obstruction of the inferior vena cava (MOVC), vary according to whether BCS is acute, subacute or chronic. We clarified the diagnostic features in 6 patients with MOVC and in 1 without MOVC. METHODOLOGY: Five patients with subacute or chronic type BCS with MOVC complaining of epigastric pain, hematemesis and encephalopathy, and signs of portal hypertension or collateral circulation were seen. There was 1 asymptomatic patient with MOVC. One patient with acute type BCS without MOVC revealed hepatic and multi-organ failure. Liver function tests in BCS with MOVC were similar to those in liver cirrhosis, and laboratory data in acute type without MOVC were quite the same as those seen in fulminant hepatitis. Non-invasive image analysis by US, CT and MRI showed thrombi and obstruction of the IVC, and extrahepatic vasculature or communication between hepatic veins and IVC. Vena cavography showed the length of obstruction in IVC and collateral circulation in the extrahepatic or intrahepatic veins. Liver biopsy demonstrated massive hemorrhagic necrosis in acute type without MOVC, and laparoscopy with liver biopsy in asymptomatic, subacute and chronic type with MOVC showed subcapsular hemorrhage, congestion, fibrosis, and cirrhotic features. CONCLUSIONS: The non-invasive image analysis was complementary to vena cavography, and liver biopsy with or without laparoscopy was essential not only for diagnosis of acute, subacute, and chronic BCS, but also for therapeutic decision-making.

Adult↗