Acute myocardial infarction with lung cancer during treatment with gefitinib: the possibility of gefitinib-induced thrombosis.
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Adenocarcinoma↗
Biomedical subjects
Y Kinoshita
Publications and source records attributed to Y Kinoshita.
Barrett's oesophagus with predominant intestinal metaplasia correlates with superficial cyclo-oxygenase-2 expression, increased proliferation and reduced apoptosis: changes that are partially reversed by non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs usage.
BACKGROUND: Cyclo-oxygenase-2 expression has been reported to play an important role in the metaplasia-dysplasia-carcinoma sequence in Barrett's oesophagus. However, the existence of cyclo-oxygenase-2 expressing cells in Barrett's epithelium is still uncertain. AIM: To identify the cells that express cyclo-oxygenase-2 protein and to investigate the relationship between cyclo-oxygenase-2 expression and mucin-phenotype of Barrett's epithelium. METHODS: Sections from 466 biopsy samples of Barrett's epithelium from 358 non-medicated patients were immunohistochemically examined for the cyclo-oxygenase-2 expression, mucin-phenotype, cell proliferation and apoptosis. RESULTS: Cyclo-oxygenase-2 expression was detected in 71.0% of Barrett's epithelium biopsy samples. In Barrett's epithelium with the gastric predominant mucin-phenotype, cyclo-oxygenase-2 expression was mainly found in stromal and deep epithelial cells, whereas in intestinal predominant mucin-phenotype, it was mostly in superficial epithelial cell. A significant elevation of proliferating cell nuclear antigen index and suppression of apoptotic index was observed in Barrett's epithelium with superficial epithelial cyclo-oxygenase-2 expression. Neither such elevation of proliferating cell nuclear antigen index nor the suppression of apoptotic index could be found in chronic non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs users. CONCLUSIONS: Barrett's epithelium with intestinal mucin and superficial epithelial cyclo-oxygenase-2 expression possess a higher proliferation potential, but this risk may be thwarted by non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs administration.
Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal↗
Helicobacter pylori infection prevents the occurrence of the tolerance phenomenon of histamine H2 receptor antagonists.
BACKGROUND: The attenuated anti-secretory activity of H2 receptor antagonists (H2RA) during continuous administration is referred to as the tolerance phenomenon. However, it is not clarified whether Helicobacter pylori infection affects the occurrence of tolerance to H2RA. It is also not clarified whether the tolerance phenomenon occurs to a new H2RA, lafutidine. AIM: To investigate the occurrence of the tolerance phenomenon in subjects with and without H. pylori infection during the continuous administration of lafutidine and famotidine. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Subjects were 20 healthy male volunteers (seven H. pylori positive and 13 H. pylori negative cases). All subjects were examined by ambulatory intragastric pH monitoring five times without medication, on the first and 15th day of the administration of 20 mg b.d. famotidine and 10 mg b.d. lafutidine in a cross-over fashion. RESULTS: The tolerance phenomenon was not observed in H. pylori-positive subjects during the 15-day-long administration of both H2RAs. In contrast, the tolerance phenomenon was observed in H. pylori negative subjects, which has been previously reported. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrated that H. pylori infection affects the tolerance phenomenon during continuous administration of H2RAs.
Acetamides↗
The herbal medicine Rikkunshi-to stimulates and coordinates the gastric myoelectric activity in post-operative dyspeptic children after gastrointestinal surgery.
Rikkunshi-to (TJ-43), a gastroprotective herbal medicine, has been used for the symptomatic relief of adult patients with dyspepsia. However, its mechanism has yet to be fully elucidated. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of TJ-43 on the gastric myoelectric activity in post-operative dyspeptic patients, whose symptoms persisted for over 1 year after gastrointestinal surgery. Electrogastrography (EGG) recordings were performed to calculate the biomechanical parameters on the dominant peak frequency (DPF). Eight pediatric patients with dyspeptic symptoms after gastrointestinal surgery were examined and six age-matched children without any dyspeptic symptoms were used as controls, and they were compared with nine age-matched children without any dyspeptic symptoms after gastrointestinal surgery as subcontrols. All patients exhibited symptomatic relief after the administration of TJ-43, and the mean symptom score decreased significantly after the treatment of TJ-43 over a 1-month period ( P<0.0001). The variability index (VI) and the percentage of normal waves (PNW) were calculated as irregularity parameters of DPF. The power ratio (PR) was calculated as a parameter of the gastric contractile activity. There were no significant differences in the VI and PNW between the controls and patients during the postprandial state after therapy, even though significant differences existed regarding those parameters between the controls and patients before the therapy. There were no significant differences in the DPF, VI, and PNW between the controls and subcontrols. Furthermore, PR exhibited a significant increase after therapy ( P<0.05). However, there was a significant difference in the PR between the controls and subcontrols ( P<0.05). Postprandial dip was observed in all control subjects, eight patients in the subcontrols, and two patients after administration of TJ-43, respectively. An abnormal gastric electrical activity therefore seems to be an important factor in the pathophysiology of post-operative dyspeptic children. The coordinating and stimulating effect of TJ-43 on the gastric myoelectric activity therefore seems to play an important role in the reduction of dyspeptic symptoms.
Adolescent↗
Images of early cancer: esophageal squamous-cell carcinoma.
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Aged↗
Review article: treatment for gastro-oesophageal reflux disease--lifestyle advice and medication.
Management of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is aimed at reducing oesophageal acid exposure to achieve symptom relief. Therapy has traditionally included advice to the patient on diet and lifestyle management. Recent evidence suggests, however, that some specific dietary modifications may be applicable to the Japanese patient. For example, ingestion of Japanese sweet cakes or rice cakes should be avoided by the Japanese patient with GERD as these foods may provoke heartburn. Pharmacological therapy is, however, usually also required for effective symptom relief. While antacids and histamine H(2)-receptor antagonists have a role in treating mild GERD, effective relief of many cases of oesophagitis is usually only achieved by using proton-pump inhibitors such as lansoprazole, omeprazole and rabeprazole. In the Japanese population, variation in the genetic polymorphism of CYP2C19 (a cytochrome P450 isoenzyme) leads to considerable inter-individual unpredictability in the activity of lansoprazole and omeprazole due to inter-individual differences in the extent to which these agents are metabolized. Consequently, rabeprazole, which does not undergo hepatic biotransformation by CYP2C19, offers significant advantages over the other PPIs as a result of its more predictable activity. This, coupled with its more rapid onset of action, leads to a more efficient and less variable acid-suppressing effect.
Antacids↗
Which types of non-bleeding visible vessels in gastric peptic ulcers should be treated by endoscopic hemostasis?
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Because non-bleeding visible vessels (NBVV) of gastric peptic ulcers have the potential to re-bleed, endoscopic hemostatic treatment may be necessary during the first emergency endoscopy. However, not all NBVV re-bleed, and endoscopic hemostasis sometimes causes fatal side-effects. Therefore, we have evaluated the risk of re-bleeding from various NBVV in gastric peptic ulcers to determine which types should be treated by endoscopy to prevent re-bleeding. METHODS: A total of 227 NBVV in 202 patients with gastric peptic ulcers that were endoscopically followed without endoscopic hemostatic procedures were classified by the following factors: vessel color, form, location of the NBVV in the ulcer crater, and location of the ulcer in the stomach. The re-bleeding rate was then analyzed for each type of NBVV. RESULTS: Significantly high rates of re-bleeding were observed in cases with white, protruded and peripheral NBVV. In particular, white NBVV located in the peripheral zone of the ulcer crater were frequent re-bleeding sources. The location of the ulcer in the stomach was not a statistically significant factor in determining re-bleeding rates. CONCLUSION: We found that white, protruded and peripherally located NBVV in gastric ulcers have a higher chance of re-bleeding if preventive endoscopic hemostatic procedures are not performed.
Chi-Square Distribution↗
Can PPAR gamma ligands be used in cancer therapy?
The role of peroxisome-proliferator activated receptor (PPAR)gamma in tumor growth inhibition has been extensively studied during last seven years but still remains debated. Many in vitro and xenograft studies have demonstrated that PPARgamma ligands are anti-tumorigenic due to anti-proliferative, pro-differentiation and anti-angiogenic effects. In animal models, PPARgamma ligands have shown preventive effects against chemical carcinogenesis. On the other hand, evidences are accumulating against the possible use of this ligand activated nuclear receptor in molecular targeting for cancer therapy. The growth inhibitory effects of certain PPARgamma ligands have recently been shown to be independent of PPARgamma-activation. Studies have also come up with results indicating the growth promoting effects of PPARgamma-activation, particularly in certain animal models genetically predisposed to cancer development. Loss-of-function mutations of PPARgamma in tumors and increased susceptibility of PPARgamma heterozygote knockout mice to carcinogenesis suggested a tumor-suppressing role of PPARgamma. However, recent findings do not support PPARgamma as a tumor suppressor gene. Although initial clinical trials with PPARgamma ligand troglitazone reported promising results in liposarcoma and prostate cancers, recent studies failed to show the expected therapeutic values in advanced colorectal and breast cancers. In this review, we have addressed these controversies on potential use of PPARgamma ligands in cancer therapy.
Animals↗
Trace of native cattle in Japanese Holstein assessed by mitochondrial DNA sequence polymorphism.
On the basis of sequence variation in the displacement loop region of mtDNA, 588 Japanese and North American Holstein cows were classified into 5 mitochondrial haplotypes, which were found in Japanese Black cattle. One of the haplotypes (named type 1), which was present at the highest frequency in Japanese Black cattle, was not observed in either European or African cattle. This haplotype is characterized by 2 single-nucleotide polymorphisms. One is called the type B polymorphism, and it refers to a base change from T to C at nucleotide 16042 of the mitochondrial genome (T160042C). The other is called the type I polymorphism, and it refers to the base change as G16093A. The proportion of the Japanese Holstein population with both polymorphisms was 18.3%, whereas none of the North American cows had this genotype. Because the mitochondrial types were inherited maternally, it is clear that a considerable number of Japanese Holstein cows are descended from native Japanese cattle. Polymorphisms B and I accounted for no variance in the estimated breeding value for milk production among cows from the Hyogo herd (582 cows) or the Chiba region herd (758 cows). This result suggests that most autosomal genes of native animals have been successively replaced by those of pure Holstein after grading up of over 15 generations, even though resulting animals have native animal-oriented mitochondrial types and may still have some number of the native autosomal genes.
Animals↗
The proposal of noninvasive quantitative diagnostic method of the atherosclerosis and the clarification of organ correlation of atherosclerosis and oxygen metabolism.
The proposal of noninvasive diagnostic method of mechanical degradation of vascular wall is clinically useful and it will be correlated with noninvasive diagnostic method of atherosclerosis. Supersonic Doppler effect sensor has been used to measure blood flow velocity as a noninvasive measuring method. However, it is remain problem whether the output from the Doppler effect sensor really detects the pure blood flow velocity. Theoretically, when the Doppler effect sensor is set perpendicular to the blood flow direction, that is, perpendicular to the blood vessel, the output will correspond to the expansion velocity of blood vessel wall, because it detect the frequency of Doppler shifted supersonic scattered from vascular wall. Previously, on the basis of this concept, using Doppler effect sensor, we showed this method can really detect the deformation velocity of blood vessel wall and it correlates the degradation of elastic property of blood vessel. Furthermore, using this proposed measuring method, atherosclerosis is found to progress correspondingly with the visco-elastic degradation of vascular wall. In this paper, on the basis of our proposed method, the quantitative noninvasive estimation method of the degradation of vascular wall and the progressive degree of atherosclerosis by unique parameter has been proposed. Using this method, the degradation of vascular wall is correlated to the oxygen metabolic function of blood vessel corresponding to the function of oxygen transportation and progression of atherosclerosis. Furthermore, the organ correlation on the atherosclerosis between lower limb and carotid is investigated by this proposed method.
Algorithms↗
Expression of nuclear factor of activated T cells mRNA in maternal peripheral blood cells.
PROBLEM: In T lymphocytes, nuclear factor of activated T cells (NF-AT) regulates the induction of cytokine genes upon antigenic stimulation. This study was designed to analyse the relationship between NF-AT and pregnancy. METHOD OF STUDY: With informed consent, peripheral blood cells (PBCs) were obtained from non-pregnant (n = 114), pregnant (n = 604), and puerperal women (n = 52). The expression of NF-AT2 and NF-AT3 mRNAs in PBCs was measured by a quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction method. RESULTS: In the early pregnancy period, in successful pregnancy, both NF-AT2 and NF-AT3 mRNAs increased significantly, whereas in cases of spontaneous abortion they did not change significantly. After peaking, they decreased gradually and were re-elevated in the ninth and tenth gestational month. In the puerperal period, NF-AT3 mRNAs decreased, but NF-AT2 mRNA showed a comparatively high expression level. CONCLUSION: These findings suggested that in humans NF-AT signal transduction might be involved in alloantigenic recognition and tolerance and play important roles, especially in the early and late period of pregnancy.
Actins↗
Expression of midkine and receptor-like protein tyrosine phosphatase (RPTP)-beta genes in the rat stomach and the influence of rebamipide.
BACKGROUND: Midkine has been reported to bind to receptor-like protein tyrosine phosphatase (RPTP)-beta and to play important roles in growth and differentiation of various cells. Midkine is expressed in rat stomach during experimental ulcer healing, suggesting that the midkine-RPTP-beta system has some physiological functions in the stomach. Rebamipide is a mucoprotective drug used for the treatment of gastric ulcers. We have tested the hypothesis that the ulcer healing mechanism stimulated by rebamipide is linked physiologically to the gastric midkine-RPTP-beta system. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Seven-week-old-male Wistar rats were used. Midkine and RPTP-beta gene expression in rat stomach was investigated by laser capture microdissection coupled with the reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The effects of rebamipide on midkine and RPTP-beta expression in rat stomach and the gastric epithelial cell line RGM1 were evaluated by RT-PCR and Northern blot analyses. RESULTS: Midkine and RPTP-beta expression was detected in the gastric mucosal, submucosal and muscle layers. Rebamipide stimulated both midkine and RPTP-beta expression in rat stomach and RGM1 cells. CONCLUSION: Rebamipide may protect the gastric mucosa by regulating midkine and RPTP-beta expression.
Alanine↗
Esophageal carcinoma with tracheal stenosis due to tumor invasion and long survival after chemoradiotherapy.
For patients who have esophageal carcinoma with tracheal invasion surgery is usually not indicated because operative complications are considerable and the prognosis is poor. We experienced complete regression of a large esophageal carcinoma with tracheal stenosis due to tumor invasion without tracheo-esophageal fistula. Irradiation of 68 Gy was delivered to a long T field from the neck to the lower thoracic esophagus, and was combined with chemotherapy using cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil. The tumor decreased markedly in size and the tracheal stenosis resolved. The patient has survived for 4 years, although second primary early esophageal carcinoma and hypopharyngeal carcinoma were detected 2 years after his initial chemoradiotherapy. Although the prognosis of advanced esophageal carcinoma with invasion of other organs is usually poor, the effect of chemoradiotherapy can sometimes be dramatic and a good result can be achieved in such patients.
Combined Modality Therapy↗
Usefulness of cooling perfusion apparatus in cadaveric kidney perfusion.
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Animals↗
Time-course changes of ECL cell markers in acetic acid-induced gastric ulcers in rats.
BACKGROUND AND AIM: Enterochromaffin-like (ECL) cells are the major source of histamine for the regulation of gastric acid secretion, and also contain histidine decarboxylase (HDC), vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT2), and chromogranin A (CgA). Although gastric acid secretion is suppressed during ulcer healing, the role of ECL cells in that process is not yet fully understood. In the present study, we investigated the changes in ECL cell number during healing of experimental ulcers in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Seven-week-old male Wistar rats were used. Acetic acid-induced ulcers were caused by an application of 100% acetic acid to the serosal surface of the rat stomachs. At different time points following the induction (12 h-15 days), time-course changes of HDC, VMAT2, and CgA mRNA expression were investigated by Northern blot analysis. The expressions of HDC, VMAT2, and CgA were immunostained on gastric mucosal sections with ulcers. RESULTS: HDC, VMAT2, and CgA mRNA in gastric mucosa each showed an initial marked transient decrease, followed by an increase on day 10 back to the initial value. HDC, VMAT2, and CgA-immunoreactive cells at the ulcer margin were reduced in number on day 3, compared with those in distant areas. On day 10, however, they returned to levels similar to those in distant areas. CONCLUSION: The present study revealed a local down-regulation of HDC, VMAT2, and CgA in ECL cells at the ulcer margin. As a result, we concluded that a suppression of ECL cell activity during ulcer healing may be involved in suppressed gastric acid secretion.
Acetic Acid↗
Safety and efficacy of glucagon as a premedication for upper gastrointestinal endoscopy--a comparative study with butyl scopolamine bromide.
BACKGROUND: Glucagon inhibits digestive motility and is used for endoscopic premedication; however, its effect on cardiopulmonary function during endoscopy has not yet been fully investigated. AIM: To clarify the efficacy and safety of glucagon compared with butyl scopolamine bromide as upper gastrointestinal endoscopy premedication. METHODS: Two hundred and forty consecutive patients over 40 years of age, referred for upper gastrointestinal endoscopy, without any complications, were studied. These patients were randomly premedicated with butyl scopolamine bromide (SC group) or glucagon (G group). Time course changes in blood pressure, arterial oxygen saturation, heart rate and the number of retching episodes during endoscopy were examined. The efficacy of glucose tablets after upper gastrointestinal endoscopy to prevent hypoglycaemia caused by glucagon was evaluated. Cardiopulmonary parameters were also examined in 77 complicated patients with glucagon premedication (GC group). RESULTS: A continuous increase in heart rate during upper gastrointestinal endoscopy was observed in the SC group, but not in the G and GC groups. Blood pressure, arterial oxygen saturation and number of retching episodes were not different between the groups. Hypoglycaemia-related symptoms were frequent in the G group without glucose tablets, but were prevented by the administration of glucose. CONCLUSIONS: Glucagon has a weaker effect on cardiopulmonary function during upper gastrointestinal endoscopy than butyl scopolamine bromide. Glucose administration prevents hypoglycaemia-related symptoms caused by glucagon.
Aged↗
Nizatidine and cisapride enhance salivary secretion in humans.
BACKGROUND: Salivation plays an important role in the defence of the oesophageal mucosa against gastric acidic reflux and can be evoked by cholinergic stimulation. Both nizatidine and cisapride have been reported to increase acetylcholine concentrations in the cholinergic system. AIM: To investigate the effect of nizatidine and cisapride on salivary secretion, salivary epidermal growth factor and bicarbonate output. METHODS: The salivary volume and concentration of salivary epidermal growth factor and bicarbonate were measured after the administration of nizatidine (150 mg), famotidine (20 mg) and cisapride (5 mg) in 30 male healthy volunteers. RESULTS: Basal and stimulated salivary secretions were found to be increased after the administration of nizatidine and cisapride. In contrast, salivary secretion was not increased by famotidine. Although epidermal growth factor content was not augmented, nizatidine and cisapride administration also increased the bicarbonate output in mastication-stimulated saliva. CONCLUSIONS: Increased salivary secretion and bicarbonate output induced by nizatidine may be useful for the treatment of patients with gastro-oesophageal reflux disease.
Adult↗
Renal cell carcinoma with rhabdoid features: an aggressive neoplasm.
AIMS: Only a few reports on renal cell carcinoma with rhabdoid features have been published. This study was performed to investigate the clinicopathological characteristics of renal cell carcinomas with rhabdoid features. METHODS AND RESULTS: Among 253 cases of renal cell carcinoma in adults, eight cases with rhabdoid features were detected. Rhabdoid areas ranged from 10% to 90% of each of the cases. Seven of the eight cases were TNM stage III or IV, and four of the eight cases died within 8 months of surgery. Immunohistochemically, the rhabdoid areas were positive for CAM 5.2 (4/8), AE1/AE3 (6/8), epithelial membrane antigen (6/8) and vimentin (8/8), and negative for myogenetic markers (0/8). The mean MIB-1 labelling index in the rhabdoid areas was higher than that in the definite carcinomatous areas. Ultrastructurally, perinuclear whorls of intermediate filaments were demonstrated in three of the eight cases using paraffin-embedded blocks. CONCLUSIONS: The rhabdoid areas in renal cell carcinoma have histological, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural similarities to malignant rhabdoid tumours. Renal cell carcinoma with rhabdoid features is a highly aggressive neoplasm and its malignant behaviour may be due to the high cell-proliferative activity of the rhabdoid areas. Rhabdoid features in renal cell carcinoma may represent the endpoint of clonal evolution of renal cell carcinoma (especially in clear cell type cases).
Aged↗