Concomitant major hepatectomy and inferior vena cava reconstruction.
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Adult↗
Biomedical subjects
Y Kawashima
Publications and source records attributed to Y Kawashima.
Compaction properties of composite particles consisting of lactose with sodium alginate prepared by spray-drying.
PURPOSE: Composite particles of lactose with a small amount of sodium alginate were prepared by spray-drying (SD) in an effort to improve the compactibility of the polymer for direct compression. The compaction behavior of the SD composite particles with a range of polymer contents was investigated. METHODS: Composite particles were prepared by spray-drying an aqueous solution of lactose and sodium alginate at various formulating ratios. Improvement in the compactibility of the composite particles was evaluated by measuring the tablet tensile strength, porosity-applied pressure profiles, stress relaxation, elastic recovery of the compressed powder, and surface properties of the tablets by scanning electron microscopy. RESULTS: The tensile strength of compacts formed from the SD composite particles containing sodium alginate (< or = 10 wt%) was as high as that of spray-dried amorphous lactose. The improved compaction was attributed to the higher relaxation pressure and lower elastic recovery of the composite particles compared with alpha-lactose monohydrate. However, increasing the sodium alginate content of the SD composite particles above 10 wt% led to a marked reduction in the tensile strength of the resultant tablets. Scanning electron micrographs revealed that composite particles with a good compactibility fused totally in the tablets while composite particles containing 15% or more sodium alginate retained their shape, even after compression. The presence of sodium alginate layered uniformly on the surface of the particles and the increase in the glass transition temperature of the particles, possibly due to interpolation of sodium alginate are responsible for the reduction in the fusion property of the composite particles on compression. CONCLUSIONS: Although increasing the sodium alginate content of SD composite particles led to an increase in their plastic deformation, fusion on compression was prevented by the presence of sodium alginate. The reduced compactibility of SD composite particles with an excess amount of sodium alginate was attributed to reduced cohesion and fusion of the particles during compression.
Alginates↗
Effect of FR167653 on small bowel ischemia-reperfusion injury in dogs.
IL-1 and TNF-alpha are known to be pleiotropic cytokines associated with various inflammatory conditions such as small intestinal injury after ischemia-reperfusion. FR167653 has been characterized as a potent suppressant of IL-1 and TNF-alpha production. The effect of FR167653 on intestinal reperfusion injury was investigated in a warm ischemia model of the canine gut. Sixteen mongrel dogs were divided into two groups: a control group and a FR group to which FR167653 was administered. Both the superior mesenteric artery and vein were clamped for 2 hr. Arterial pH, hepatic venous hemoglobin oxygen saturation, intramucosal pH, and the survival rate were well maintained in the FR group in comparison with the control group after reperfusion. FR167653 inhibited the expression of IL-1beta mRNA. Histologically, ischemia-reperfusion injury was more severe in the control group than the FR group. This study suggests that FR167653 inhibits proinflammatory cytokines and ameliorates ischemia-reperfusion injury of the small intestine.
Animals↗
Cold preservation of the human colon and ileum with University of Wisconsin solution.
The inclusion of the colon in the intestinal graft resulted in worsening patient and graft outcome and increased the incidence of infection and rejection. In this study, we examine the role of ischemia on the barrier function of the epithelium during cold ischemia. Samples were collected from 15 harvested and transplanted human donor grafts (colon, 10; ileum, 6), which were immersed in University of Wisconsin (UW) solution. Ischemia (6, 12, 24, and 48 h) and reoxygenation were performed to evaluate the mucosal electrical status using the Ussing chamber technique. The functions of enterocytes and crypt cells were tested by glucose and theophylline challenge. Modified Park's classification was applied to evaluate the severity of mucosal damage under light microscopy. The colon had higher levels of baseline potential difference, short-circuit current, and resistance than the ileum during 6 48 h of ischemia. Colonic epithelial cells responded well to theophylline stimulation at 24 h of ischemia, while there was no ileal response. The colonic mucosa was histopathologically well preserved in UW solution for 48 h, and mucosal damage induced by reoxygenation was less than in the ileum. In conclusion, electrophysiologically and histopathologically, the colon is less susceptible to cold preservation damage than the ileum during storage with UW solution.
Adenosine↗
Urticaria pigmentosa occurring with juvenile xanthogranuloma.
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Humans↗
Complement-induced procoagulant alteration of red blood cell membranes with microvesicle formation in paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria (PNH): implication for thrombogenesis in PNH.
Complement-induced procoagulant alteration of red blood cell (RBC) membranes in paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria (PNH) was examined. Microvesicles, deficient in acetylcholinesterase, were generated and released from PNH RBC upon complement activation. The microvesicles generated from complement-activated PNH RBC accelerated factor Xa-dependent plasma coagulation more than those generated from RBC by the treatment with ionophore A23187. When assessed by factor Xa-catalysed prothrombin activation, complement activation enhanced procoagulant properties of both normal and PNH RBC similarly, although PNH RBC were lysed but normal RBC were not. This enhancement of factor Xa-dependent prothrombinase activity of complement-activated RBC was inhibited by the treatment of the RBC with annexin V, a protein with binding affinity for anionic phospholipids especially for phosphatidylserine (PS). Neither the enhanced procoagulant properties of RBC nor apparent RBC population with annexin V-binding affinity were demonstrated before complement activation in any of the four PNH patients studied. PS-externalized PNH RBC and microvesicles may contribute to the removal of PNH RBC from the circulation. We conclude that although PNH RBC do not constantly exhibit enhanced procoagulant properties in vivo, complement activation induces a procoagulant alteration of RBC membranes with microvesicle formation, potentially contributing to the thrombogenesis in PNH.
Annexin A5↗
Effects of bucillamine and N-acetyl-L-cysteine on cytokine production and collagen-induced arthritis (CIA).
We investigated the effects of bucillamine and N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) on cytokine production and CIA. Bucillamine and NAC inhibited NF-kappaB activation and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) mRNA expression in human monocytic leukaemia cell line THP-1, and cytokine production from monocyte cell lines at concentrations >10-3 M. They also inhibited cytokine production and CIA in mice at a dose of 500 mg/kg. These results suggest that NF-kappaB inhibitors such as bucillamine and NAC may inhibit cytokine-related diseases, including arthritis.
Acetylcysteine↗
Reliability of the 5-min speech sample for assessing expressed emotion in Japanese patients.
Expressed emotion (EE) has been shown in various countries to be a good predictor of the clinical course of a patient's mental illness. Because the traditional EE interview requires considerable time and effort, this study examined the reliability of a method called the five-minute speech sample (FMSS) for assessing EE. The samples of 65 subjects were rated by the FMSS-EE coding system, and the interrater reliability among four authorized raters was investigated. Of these 65 samples, 10 (15%) were rated as high-EE (high critical, 6%; high emotional over-involvement (EOI), 9%), and 19 (29%) were rated as borderline (b-)-high-EE (b-critical, 15%; b-EOI, 14%). The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was 0.91 for the overall category, 0.74 for criticism, 0.85 for EOI, 0.63 for b-critical and 0.54 for b-EOI. The FMSS was shown to be reliable for the assessment of EE, even outside of Western countries. However, the lower agreement in the subcategories of EOI and b-critical has to be considered as a limitation of this brief method.
Adult↗
Case of gonadoblastoma in a 9-year-old boy without physical abnormalities.
BACKGROUND: A 9-year-old boy was admitted to Jikei University Hospital complaining of gradual enlarging of the left scrotal contents. METHODS/RESULTS: Physical examination was significant for bilateral descended testicles. No abnormalities were detected in the testicles or along the spermatic cords. Scrotal ultrasound showed that hyperechoic shadows were recognized in the central area of the left testicle. Subsequent testicular biopsy and histopathological examination showed intratubular malignant germ cells in the testicular tubules. One week later, left orchiectomy was performed. CONCLUSIONS: Histopathological evaluation revealed gonadoblastoma. Gonadoblastoma, a rare gonadal neoplasm, is composed of germ cells and sex cord derivatives and usually occurs in phenotypically female patients with gonadal dysgenesis. To date, only three cases of gonadoblastoma have been reported in anatomically normal male patients with scrotal testicles. We report on a case of gonadoblastoma unaccompanied by a germ cell tumor in a physically normal male.
Child↗
Immunolocalization of transcription factor AP1 in human ocular surface epithelia.
PURPOSE: The present study examined whether normal human ocular surfcae epithelia express AP1 components. Changes in expression patterns of these components in a case of ocular surface epithelial dysplasia was also evaluated before and after topical mitomycin C treatment. METHODS: Specimens of normal corneas (n = 2) and conjunctiva (n = 4) were obtained from 4 patients during cataract surgery or post mortem, while specimens of dysplastic epithelial tissue from the limbus were obtained from one patient. Specimens were immunohistochemically studied using antibodies against components of AP1. RESULTS: The normal corneal epithelium showed no staining with antibodies against c-Fos, Fra-2, FosB, c-Jun or JunB, whereas the limbal and bulbar conjunctival epithelia were positive for c-Fos, Fra-2, and c-Jun. Anti-FosB and -JunB antibodies reacted weakly with the conjunctival epithelium. JunD was absent in normal corneal and conjunctival epithelia. The dsyplastic epithelium showed positive labelling for c-Fos, Fra-2, c-Jun, and JunD throughout its thickness. Fra-1 was present in all specimens of epithelia examined. The dysplastic epithelium treated with mitomycin C was not labeled by anti-c-Fos or -Fra-2 antibody. CONCLUSION: Individual AP1 components show specific expression patterns in normal ocular surface epithelia and a case of dysplastic epithelium before and after topical MMC treatment, implying that these factors may play important roles in modulating epithelial cell function, e.g., proliferation and differentiation.
Adult↗
Immunohistochemical and ultrastructural analysis of dysplastic epithelium of human ocular surface: basement membrane and intermediate filament.
PURPOSE: The dysplastic corneal epithelium is characterized by the abnormal proliferation of epithelial cells. The phenotypes of these cells have not been elucidated. We investigated whether such epithelium expresses the phenotypes of corneal or conjunctival epithelial cells. METHODS: The corneas and conjunctivae from four normal subjects and from one patient with epithelial dysplasia of the central cornea were immunostained for IV and VII collagens and for cytokeratins. Monoclonal antibodies against collagen IV reacted to the [alpha1(IV)]2alpha2(IV) or alpha5(IV) molecule. Anti-cytokeratin antibodies were used to define epithelial cell types. The ultrastructure of the basement membrane (BM) of each specimen also was examined. RESULTS: Type VII collagen immunoreactivity was detected in all the specimens of epithelial BM. The anti-collagen IV [alpha1(IV)]2alpha2(IV) antibody labeled the conjunctival BMs, not the BMs of the corneal epithelia, of each subject. The normal corneal epithelial BM, not the BM of the conjunctival or dysplastic corneal epithelium, was immunolabeled with anti-alpha5(IV) antibody. The pattern of cytokeratin expression in the corneal epithelial dysplasia resembled that seen in the normal conjunctivae. Small breaks in the BM of dysplastic corneal epithelium were ultrastructurally revealed. The number of hemidesmosomes in the dysplastic corneal epithelium was decreased as compared with that in the normal BM. CONCLUSION: The composition of collagen types within the BM and the cellular phenotype of the dysplastic epithelium in the cornea resembled those of conjunctival epithelium, not of the cornea.
Adult↗
Crossed cerebellar diaschisis: assessment with dynamic susceptibility contrast MR imaging.
The authors investigated the feasibility of using T2-weighted, half-Fourier rapid acquisition with relaxation enhancement, or RARE, dynamic susceptibility contrast magnetic resonance (MR) imaging to depict crossed cerebellar diaschisis. In 10 patients after unilateral supratentorial stroke, crossed cerebellar diaschisis was demonstrated in the relative regional cerebellar blood volume maps obtained with MR imaging. Cerebellar blood volume values for the nonaffected cerebellar hemisphere were significantly larger than those for the affected side (P = .0003).
Algorithms↗
Mixed base of hydrophilic ointment and purified lanolin to improve the drug release rate and absorption of water of minocycline hydrochloride ointment for treatment of bedsores.
A desired ointment bases for better treatment of bedsores was developed to improve the release rate of minocycline hydrochloride (MH) and the water absorption capacity using various types of hydrophobic to hydrophilic ointment base. The influence of purified lanolin (PL) on the release behavior of MH from hydrophilic ointment (HO) base was primarily focused on. It was found that the release rate of drug increased with increase in the hydrophilicity of the base. A linear correlation between the apparent release rate constant of drug from the HO and PL mixed ointment base at various combination ratios and the elution of ointment base was noted. The HO ointment base containing 30% PL had the highest apparent release rate constant of MH. The mixed ointment base with the lowest viscosity showed the highest absorption of water and elution of ointment base. In conclusion, it was found that HO (70%) and PL (30%) mixed ointment base was a promising candidate for better treatment of bedsores.
Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
Effects of a phosphate buffered extracellular (Ep4) solution in preservation and reperfusion injury in the canine liver.
The Ep4 solution, a phosphate buffered extracellular-type solution, is effective in canine lung transplantation following a 96-hour hypothermic (4 degrees C) preservation. In this experiment, we used this solution for liver preservation followed by transplantation. We compared the Ep4 solution with the lactated Ringer's (LR) and the Collins' M (CM) solution (a phosphate buffered intracellular-type solution) in two studies, 1) 48-hour liver preservation, and 2) orthotopic liver transplantation after 5-hour preservation. In the preservation study, purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP) levels as a marker of endothelial damage, and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels were significantly lower in the livers immersed into the Ep4 solution than in those immersed into other solutions at 36 and 48 hours after preservation. Microscopically, the endothelial injury occurred 24 hours after preservation in the CM solution, and 36 hours after preservation in the LR and Ep4 solutions. In the transplantation study, serum PNP and ALT levels in the livers immersed in Ep4 solution showed a lower tendency compared with those in other solutions at the time of reperfusion, but the histological differences among three groups were not apparent. The present study suggests that the liver can be stored better for a longer time using Ep4 solution than using LR and CM solutions.
Alanine Transaminase↗
The effect of Lazaroid U-74389G on extended liver resection with ischemia in dogs.
BACKGROUND: In liver surgery, total clamping of the portal triad (Pringle's procedure) is commonly used, and it sometimes causes liver failure. This study was designed to evaluate the effect of Lazaroid U-74389G (LAZ-G), which inhibits iron-dependent lipid peroxidation, on ischemia-reperfusion injury during liver resection in dogs. METHODS: The experiment animals were divided into 2 groups. The control group was subjected to 60 minutes of warm ischemia by partial inflow occlusion. The LAZ-G-treated group received LAZ-G before ischemia and then underwent liver ischemia. After reperfusion, the nonischemic lobes were resected, and the remnant liver function was evaluated. RESULTS: The LAZ-G-treated group showed a significantly improved animal survival rate. Biochemical analysis and morphologic evaluation by electron microscopy suggest that LAZ-G pretreatment protects both hepatic parenchymal cells and sinusoidal endothelial cells from ischemia-reperfusion injury. Expression of IL-1 beta messenger RNA in hepatic venous blood was measured by a reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction; it was shown to be inhibited in the LAZ-G-treated group after reperfusion. This suggests that LAZ-G decreases the activation of proinflammatory cytokine expression. CONCLUSIONS: Lazaroid U-74389G ameliorates ischemia-reperfusion injury caused by Pringle's procedure during extensive liver resection. This agent may therefore be clinically applicable for extended liver surgery involving vascular isolation.
Animals↗
Determination of perfluorinated carboxylic acids in biological samples by high-performance liquid chromatography.
This paper describes a method for the quantitative determination of perfluorinated carboxylic acids (PFCAs), perfluorohexanoic acid (C6-PFCA), perfluoroheptanoic acid (C7-PFCA), perfluorooctanoic acid (C8-PFCA), perfluorononanoic acid (C9-PFCA) and perfluorodecanoic acid (C10-PFCA), in biological samples. PFCA in liver homogenates was extracted as an ion pair with tetrabutylammonium (TBA) ion into organic solvent, then the PFCA was derivatized with 3-bromoacetyl-7-methoxycoumarin (BrAMC) and quantified by HPLC with fluorescence detection. This method is applicable for the studies on tissue accumulation and elimination of PFCAs in animals after the administration.
Animals↗
Determination of perfluorocarboxylic acids by gas-liquid chromatography in rat tissues.
A method for the determination of tissue perfluorocarboxylic acids (PFCA) was developed using gas-liquid chromatography with an electron capture detector (ECD). Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA), and perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA) were efficiently extracted from rat liver, methylated with diazomethane, and separated on GLC. Internal standards that were added to liver homogenates were used in the quantitative analysis of PFCAs to correct the loss during the extraction and derivatization. The concentration of PFDA in rat liver 24 h after intraperitoneal administration at a dose of 20 mg/kg body weight was 113.9 +/- 11.4 microg/g liver. The value corresponds to the previously reported results that were obtained using [14C]PFDA.
Animals↗
RF system of the SPring-8 storage ring.
Construction of three RF stations in the storage ring of SPring-8 has been completed. The design concept concentrates on avoiding a coupled-bunch instability which limits the stored current or makes the synchrotron radiation beam unstable. The cavity is bell-shaped to reduce the coupling impedance of the higher-order modes. The cavity dimensions are trimmed systematically to distribute the higher-order mode frequencies. Each cavity has two movable tuners. The temperature of the cavity cooling water is controlled within 0.02 K and the water flow is kept constant. The construction and commissioning of the SPring-8 storage ring RF system is reported.
Journal Article↗