Identification and culture of human bronchial epithelial cells.
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ABO Blood-Group System↗
Biomedical subjects
Y Katoh
Publications and source records attributed to Y Katoh.
Fine structural organization of the lateral horn of the rat spinal cord as studied by glyoxylic acid-permanganate fixation.
A method combining glyoxylic acid perfusion with potassium permanganate postfixation revealed a moderate number of characteristic axon terminals including noradrenaline storage granules in the rat thoracic segmental lateral horn (Th1, Th3, Th6, Th9, Th12). The region showed two kinds of cells: the one (principal cell) was characterized by a remarkably indented nucleus, many mitochondria and long endoplasmic reticulum, and the other by markedly developed short endoplasmic reticulum to increase its cytoplasmic density. The axon terminals observed on lateral horn cells could be roughly divided into four types depending upon the shape and size of the synaptic vesicles included and their contents: type I contained many small and a few large granular vesicles. Type II mainly had many large vesicles with diffuse contents and hardly noticeable cores or granules; type III included only small spherical vesicles without any granules; the rare type IV had flattened vesicles with small and large granular vesicles. Type I, type II and type III contacted not only the soma and dendrites of the principal cells but also each other, forming a so-called "cluster," which suggested an axo-axonic contact. No difference could be observed between each level of the thoracic lateral horn (Th1, Th3, Th6, Th9, Th12) in terms of noradrenaline granules and synaptic organization. Occasionally, the contacts of a certain process were observed which resembled a dendrite, including short endoplasmic reticulum, lysosomal dense bodies and large and small vesicles with a dendrite of the principal cell. These findings corresponded to the present data of innervation of abundant amine fibers descending through the dorsal half of the lateral funiculus to accumulate around lateral horn cells by the histofluorescent method.
Animals↗
[A study of regional circulation of cervical spinal cord after acute experimental spinal contusion (author's transl)].
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Animals↗
Subunit structure of the mouse epidermal keratin filament.
The two proteins which are the subunits of mouse epidermal keratin filaments have been isolated from fully differentiated epidermis (stratum corneum), viable differentiating cells and cells grown in culture. The proteins have molecular weights of 68 000 and 60 000, consist of families of very similar species, have common N-terminal (N-acetylserine) and C-terminal (glycine) residues, contain 35--40% alpha-helix and are immunologically cross-reacting. In mixtures, the two proteins polymerize in vitro into native-type keratin filaments that are 70--80 angstrom in diameter, up to 30 micrograms long, possess a characteristic alpha-type X-ray diffraction pattern and contain the subunits in the precise molar ratio of 1 : 2 or 2 : 1.
Amino Acids↗
The fine structural organization of the locus coeruleus in the rat with reference to noradrenaline contents.
Combination of glyoxylic acid perfusion and postfixation in permanganate was used in an electron microscopic study of the locus coeruleus (LC) of the rat to give good preservation of fine structure and a reproducible demonstration of noradrenaline (NA) storage granules. Medium-sized LC cells (18 x 30 microns) contained a moderate number of small granular vesicles (SGV) and a few large granular vesicles (LGV), mainly near the Golgi apparatus. Dendritic branches were identified by their SGV content up to the tip. Dendrites were occasionally in close contact with each other or with the soma of LC cells, forming dendro-dendritic or dendro-somatic contacts. Numerous axon terminals containing many SGV and some LGV were observed in the neuropil, and they tended to contact dendrites and somata of LC cells or dendrites of unknown origin. These neuronal contacts were devoid of synaptic specializations except for an array of dense perpendicular lines between the juxtaposed membranes. Small oval cells (10 x 15 microns) devoid of SGV occurred frequently in the peripheral part of the nucleus, and they were occasionally in direct contact with LC cells.
Animals↗
Hepatic bruits in malignant liver tumors.
There have been few reports concerning hepatic bruits in malignant liver tumors, especially in those other than hepatocellular carcinoma. Lately we noticed hepatic bruits in several cases of malignant liver tumors. The murmurs were confirmed by sound recordings. In cases of hepatocellular carcinoma the murmurs were continuous or continuous with late systolic accentuation. In a case of cholangiocarcinoma of the liver the murmur was continuous with late systolic accentuation and in a case of metastatic liver carcinoma it was systolic. These murmurs were considered to be caused by various mechanisms and some of them are discussed in this paper. Hepatic bruits would be a useful aid in diagnosing hepatic tumors.
Adenoma, Bile Duct↗
Immunologic markers of human bronchial epithelial cells in tissue sections and in culture.
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Antigens↗
[An experimental study on the regional blood flow in the cervical spinal cord --the influence of respiration (author's transl)].
The responses of cervical spinal cord blood flow (C-SCBF) to alteration in respiration were examined in gallamine immobilized and respiration controlled cats. Alveolar PCO2 was continuously monitored with an infrared CO2 analyzer. Mean arterial blood pressure (BP) was measured through femoral canula, which also allowed collection of arterial samples for blood gas analysis. C-SCBF was measured using thermoelectrical element which placed on the dorsal surface of the C6 segment. Simultaneously, changes in blood flow of cerebral cortex, L4 segment of spinal cord, heart and skeletal muscles, skin, kidney and spleen were also measured and compared with that of C-SCBF. Cerebrospinal fluid pressure (CSFP) was also measured on C5 segment. Changes in the arterial or alveolar PCO2 increased about 20--30 mmHg following respiration arrest or 10% CO2 inhalation, and decreased about 20 mmHg following hyperventilation during 2 minutes, respectively. Respiratory arrest or 10% CO2 inhalation induced an increase in C-SCBF, and a rise in BP and CSFP. Hyperventilation induced a decrease in C-SCBF, a fall in BP and a rise in CSFP. Effect of the respiration on blood flow of cerebral cortex, L4 segment of spinal cord or heart muscle was similar to the effect on C-SCBF in direction, but that of skin, skeletal muscle, kidney or spleen was conversely. C-SCBF increase by respiratory arrest or 10% CO2 inhalation was incompletely suppressed by pretreatment of propranolol 7 mg/kg i.v., C-SCBF decrease by hyperventilation was also incompletely suppressed by pretreatment of phentolamine 5 mg/kg i.v.. Furthermore, these C-SCBF changes were almost completely suppressed by pretreatment of phentolamine 5 mg/kg, propranolol 7 mg/kg and acetazolamide 250 mg/kg i.v. These results suggest that response of C-SCBF to alteration in respiration is chiefly induced by changes in PCO2, that CO2 acts directly on vascular smooth muscle and also on alpha and beta adrenergic receptors in the cervical spinal cord, and that CO2 has a similar action on the C-SCBF as on the blood flow of cerebral cortex, lumbar spinal cord and heart muscle.
Animals↗
Quantitative studies on in vitro transformation of hamster chondrocytes.
Hamster chondrocytes could be transformed in a quantitative assay system which used X-irradiated feeder layer cells. Morphological transformation occurred on addition of, 4NQO, but not in control cultures. Differentiation was classified into 3 types (good, poor and none); normal and transformed colonies contained similar proportions of the 3 types.
4-Nitroquinoline-1-oxide↗
The analgesic activity of imidazopyridine derivatives.
Analgesic and antipyretic activities of 2-(4-(2-imidazo-[1,2-a]pyridylphenyl)propionic acid (Y-9213) were studied with various experimental models. The analgesic activity of Y-9213 was found to be more potent than that of indometacin and morphine in the silver nitrate, Randall-Selitto, and phenylquinone writhing tests. Y-9213 also showed an analgesia in the tail pinch and electric stimulation test. On the warm water induced foot withdrawal reflex, Y-9213 was more effective in spinal-sectioned mice than in intact mice similarly to mephenesin and diazepam. Y-9213 was also proved to possess antipyretic activity as potent as indometacin and to be devoid of morphine-like property. Y-9213 exhibited little effect on the respiration and cardiovascular system in dogs. Y-9213 was found to be rapidly absorbed and eliminated from the blood with a half-life of about 2.5 h in rats. These findings indicate that Y-9213 may be an effective and well tolerated antipyretic and analgesic agent.
Analgesics↗
In vitro morphological transformation of cryopreserved hamster embryo cells with tobacco tar.
Cryopreserved primary cultures of Syrian golden hamster embryo cells were used as the source of target and feeder cells for in vitro bioassay of carcinogenesis. Since cultures that gave the best overall response in a preliminary test were used for the bioassay, in almost every case a range of responses was obtained. By the use of this of this bioassay system, the capacities of tobacco tar and its subfractions to induce morphological transformation were examined. Some fractions induced typical morphologically transformed colonies. A close correlation was observed between morphological transformation and bacterial mutagenesis.
Animals↗
Establishment of clonal cell lines of hamster chondrocytes maintaining their phenotypic traits.
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Animals↗
Transformation and neoplastic development of hamster chondrocytes after exposure to 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide and 3-methylcholanthrene in tissue culture.
Sternal hyaline cartilages of Syrian hamsters were dissociated with collagenase and culured. Primary monolayer cultures of the dissociated cells were morphologically homogeneous. Secondary cultures of the chondrocytes were treated with 1 x 10(-6) or 2 x 10(-6) M 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide (4NQO) for 3 hours or with 5 or 10 microgram 3-methylcholanthrene (MCA)/ml for 3 days. Cultured chondrocytes transformed morphologically 29-51 days after 4NQO treatment and 41-61 days after MCA treatment and began to grow continuously in vitro. Cultures of transformed cells, like transformed fibroblasts. Untreated cells and cells treated with dimethyl sulfoxide did not transform within at least 110 days after inoculation. Among the transformed cells, one near-diploid cell line preserved the distinct phenotypic expression of chondrocytes, whereas heteroploid cell lines lost their differentiated features. The near-diploid cell line produced nodules in the cheek pouches of hamsters within a week, by the nodules regressed later. They showed the chondrogenic properties of the original cells and stained metachromatically with toluidine blue. Heteroploid cell lines formed progressive tumors with few chondrogenic features; these tumors were diagnosed as fibrosarcomas.
4-Nitroquinoline-1-oxide↗
Selective staining of hepatitis B surface antigen in thick epoxy sections of liver.
Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) in epoxy-embedded liver tissues can be stained by aldehyde-fuchsin stain. Sections are oxidized in KMnO4 acidified with H2SO4, then bleached in NaHSO3, both at 70 C. Heating for oxidation and bleaching are absolutely necessary. Diluted aldehyde-fuchsin stain adjusted to pH 1.5 to 1.8 with NaOH is used for staining. HBsAg is specifically stained purple. Other components such as mitochondria and bile pigments are also strained, but are easily distinguished from HBsAg. This staining method is advantageous for the identification of HBsAg-positive cells for electron microscopic observation.
Hepatitis B Surface Antigens↗
Morphologic and biologic characteristics of adenoid cystic carcinoma cells of the salivary gland.
Adenoid cystic carcinoma cells cultivated in monolayer and sponge matrix culture, or implanted on the chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) of embryonated eggs, were observed morphologically, and the glycosaminoglycan components in the tumor tissue were analyzed. This tumor tissue contained a large amount of glycosaminoglycans, composed of chondroitin 4- and 6-sulfate, heparan sulfate, hyaluronic acid, and a small amount of dermatan sulfate. In monolayer culture spindle cells proliferated vigorously as multilayer, and secreated mucinous material. In sponge matrix culture, the proliferating cells became embedded in the material produced by the cells themselves. A trace of fine fibers stained with orceine was observed in the intercellular material in culture. Histologic sections of the implants grown on CAM showed that the tumor cells arranged in various structures produced a large amount of mucinous material that spread into the stromal area without any contribution from the mesenchymal element. The morphologic and biologic characteristics of these tumor cells are quite similar to those of pleomorphic adenoma.
Adenoma↗
In vitro transformation of hamster chondrocytes by 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide.
Hamster sternal chondrocytes were transfored morphologically in vitro 29-51 days after exposure to 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide for 3 h. The transformed chondrocytes were randomly oriented, piled up and grew continuously. These cells produced nodules when transferred to the cheek pouch of a hamster. Histologically, these nodules revealed chondromatous patterns. Untreated cells in the control cultures failed to produce nodules.
4-Nitroquinoline-1-oxide↗
Histological changes in the submandibular glands of rats after intraductal injection of chemical carcinogens.
Carcinogens injected into the excretory canal of submandibular gland of Donryu rats revealed the following histologic changes in salivary glands. 20-Methylcholanthrene induced squamous cell metaplasia, fibrosis in the early stages, and "benign lymphoepithelial lesion"-like pattern after 3 months. Dense hyalinization occurred after 4-5 months with so-called "mixed tumor"-like pattern. In the later stages epidermoid carcinoma and fibrosarcoma were observed. 9, 10-Dimethylbenzanthracene caused degenerative change, metaplasia, fibrosis and cell infiltration, and later carcinoma and sarcoma appeared at a high rate. 4-Nitroquinoline-N-oxide led to dense hyalinization and so-called "mixed tumor"-like pattern was observed in many specimens. N-nitroso-N-methyl urethane and N-methyl-N-nitroso-N'-nitroguanidine revealed metaplastic changes, fibrosis and lymphoid infiltration. Scarlet red induced remarkable infiltration and aggregation of lymphoid cells, showing benign "lymphoepithelial lesion"-like pattern.
4-Nitroquinoline-1-oxide↗
Abnormal regeneration of hydra induced with vinblastine sulfate.
The effect of vinblastine sulfate on the regeneration of hydra was examined. When the three segments of hydra (fore, mid, and hind segments) were treated with 0.01% vinblastine sulfate immediately after separation, transferred to normal culture medium, and observed for 7 days, various types of abnormal regeneration were observed, especially in the regenerates from the mid segments. Other segments of hydra did not reveal any abnormal pattern of regeneration, although incomplete regeneration or no regeneration of the segments was seen in the advanced period of the treatment. In the case of treatment of the three segments with 0.01% vincristine sulfate, no abnormal regeneration was seen, in spite of marked inhibition of regeneration which was observed in the advanced period of the treatment.
Culture Media↗