[Scirrhous carcinoma of the stomach--from bench to clinic].
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Adenocarcinoma, Scirrhous↗
Biomedical subjects
Y Kato
Publications and source records attributed to Y Kato.
[A case of adrenal metastasis of lung cancer treated by carboplatin and docetaxel].
A 42-year-old male was referred to our hospital in October 1998, suffering from severe cough accompanied by repeated hemosputa. Serum NSE slightly increased and cytology of sputum indicated class V. Chest X-P and CT revealed a large tumor in the right upper lobe and hilar lymphadenopathy. Abdominal CT revealed bilateral adrenal tumors. For continuous bloody sputum, a right upper lobectomy and lymphadenectomy were performed and the pathologic diagnosis was large cell carcinoma. After surgery, we chose radiation and chemotherapy. The new chemotherapeutic agent docetaxel (60 mg/m2 in combination with carboplatin (CBDCA: AUC 6,800 mg/m2) was administered, resulting in the remarkable reduction in the size of adrenal metastasis by 50% after 3 courses of chemotherapy. Furthermore, 12 months later, the right adrenal metastasis was remarkably reduced (5 x 3 cm-> 0.5 x 1.0 cm), and the left adrenal metastasis had disappeared on abdominal CT. These findings may suggest the efficacy of newly developed docetaxel in cases of non-small cell lung cancer.
Adrenal Gland Neoplasms↗
[Parenteral nutrition on the cancer chemotherapy].
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Amino Acids↗
[Species differences in the in vitro metabolism of 2,4,5,2',3',4'-hexachlorobiphenyl].
In vitro Metabolism of 2,4,5,2',3',4'-hexachlorobiphenyl (CB138) was studied using liver microsomes from rats, hamsters and guinea pigs. Guinea pig liver microsomes formed four metabolites named as M-1, M-2, M-3 and M-4 and these metabolites were all increased to about 4-5 fold of untreated microsomes by pretreatment of phenobarbital. Liver microsomes of rats and hamsters showed much less activity to metabolize CB138 than those of guinea pigs. Only phenobarbital-treated microsomes produced very small amounts of M-3 in rats and M-1, M-2 and M-3 in hamsters, but untreated and MC-treated microsomes did not. When mass spectra of the methylated derivatives of M-1, M-2, M-3 and M-4 were measured in GC/MS, the former two possess the molecular ion of 354 and the latter two had the molecular ion of 388. In addition, the mass fragmentation pattern indicated that M-1, M-2, M-3 and M-4 are 2-OH-4,5,2',3',4'-pentachlorobiphenyl, 5-OH-2,4,2',3',4'-pentachlorobiphenyl, 3-OH-CB138 and 2-OH-3,4,5,2',3',4'-hexachlorobiphenyl, respectively. Of four metabolites, the chemical structures of M-3 and M-4 were supported by the synthesized authentic compounds. From these results, it is suggested that the metabolism of CB138 in guinea pig liver proceeds mainly via 2,3-epoxide as an intermediate and a PB-inducible P450, CYP2B18, is the most important isozyme in CB138 metabolism.
Animals↗
Mouse B1 cell line responds to lipopolysaccharide via membrane-bound CD14.
The role of membrane-bound CD14 in the response of mouse B1 cell lines to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was studied. The surface profile of mouse TH2.52 B cells was positive for CD5, IgM, B220, CD11b and F4/80, suggesting that TH2.52 cells carried the typical phenotype of B1 cells. Furthermore, TH2.52 B1 cells were found to express membrane-bound CD14, which plays a critical role in LPS recognition. TH2.52 B1 cells responded to a very low concentration of LPS and exhibited: (i) augmentation of DNA synthesis; (ii) activation of nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB; and (iii) phosphorylation of extracellular signal regulated kinase 1/2 (Erk1/2). They were markedly inhibited by anti-CD14 antibody. Therefore, the expression of membrane-bound CD14 was suggested to provide high sensitivity to LPS for TH2.52 B1 cells.
Animals↗
Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and probucol suppress the time-dependent increase in urinary Type IV collagen excretion of Type II diabetes mellitus patients with early diabetic nephropathy.
BACKGROUND: A multicenter prospective clinical trial was carried out in 9 National Hospitals in Japan to elucidate the time-dependent change in urinary Type IV collagen excretion rate of Type II diabetes mellitus (DM) patients, and to investigate whether an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACE-I) or probucol is effective in preventing progression of renal involvement of diabetics by evaluating urinary Type IV collagen excretion. METHODS: Normo- and microalbuminuric patients with Type II DM were recruited. Patients were assigned to either the control (n = 88), ACE-I (n = 43) or probucol (n = 37) group and treated for 24 months. Besides albumin excretion rate (AER), urinary Type IV collagen excretion rate was also measured. RESULTS: Although, AER, urinary N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase and beta2-microglobulin excretion rates in the control group did not vary over 24 months, urinary Type IV collagen excretion rate in the control group increased time-dependently (p < 0.01 vs baseline at 18 months and p < 0.005 vs baseline at 24 months). In the ACE-I and probucol groups, time-dependent increases in urinary Type IV collagen excretion rates were not observed. In the ACE-I group, the urinary Type IV collagen excretion rate was significantly lower than that in the control group at 24 months (p < 0.05). In the probucol group, the urinary Type IV collagen excretion rate was significantly lower than that in the control group at 6 months (p < 0.05). In the ACE-I group, AER decreased significantly compared with baseline at 18 months (p < 0.05) and at 24 months (p < 0.005). CONCLUSIONS: ACE-I has a beneficial effect and probucol may have a beneficial effect in preventing the progression of early diabetic nephropathy. Measurement of the urinary Type IV collagen excretion rate in combination with AER would be useful for the management of early renal involvement in Type II DM.
Acetylglucosaminidase↗
Adult T-cell leukemia showing different immunophenotypes in invaded organs.
We report here a case of adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) who presented acute renal failure and skin eruption. Renal and skin biopsies showed diffuse invasion of ATL cells. Furthermore, the surface phenotype of tumor cells taken from the bone marrow (BM) or peripheral blood (PB)(CD4-CD8-) differed from that of cells taken from the kidney or skin (CD4+CD8-). These findings suggested that CD4-CD8-ATL cells in the BM and PB had differentiated to CD4+CD8- cells in the kidney and skin.
Acute Kidney Injury↗
[Role of continuous intravenous infusion of morphine in the cancer pain relieving therapy].
Oral morphine treatment for cancer pain relief is established as central parts of 'WHO Regimen'. But many terminal stage cancer patients suffer from swallowing difficulty and nausea, and require other administration routes of morphine. Continuous intravenous infusion(CIVI) of morphine is the most reliable route at these conditions. We have had good results from the treatment of over 600 cancer pain patients with CIVI-morphine method. We interpreted our practical methods of CIVI-morphine treatment and commented on recently introduced injection 'morphine--100 mg/10 ml prefilled syringe', Prepenon injection.
Analgesics, Opioid↗
The expression of membrane-bound CD14 renders mouse B-1 cells susceptible to LPS.
The surface expression of CD14 on mouse B-1 cells and its role on their response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) were studied by using the murine TH2.52 B-1 cell line and peritoneal B-1 cells. TH2.52 cells with the B-1 phenotype were found to express membrane-bound CD14. Furthermore, CD14 was expressed on physiological peritoneal CD5+ B-1 cells. The stimulation of CD14-expressing TH2.52 cells with a low concentration of LPS resulted in the activation of nuclear factor (NF)-B and a mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). The LPS-induced NF-B and MAPK activation was markedly inhibited by anti-CD14 antibody. These results suggest that B-1 cells may respond to LPS via membrane-bound CD14.
Animals↗
Preliminary study for sentinel lymph node identification with Tc-99m tin colloid in patients with esophageal or gastric cancer.
The purpose of this study is to determine whether a lymph node identified with high radioisotope (RI) activity is a sentinel node. We studied 26 patients with either esophageal or gastric cancer whose preoperative imaging studies showed no lymph node metastasis. Before surgery, Tc-99m tin colloid was injected via endoscopy into the submucosa. In lymph nodes dissected at surgery, RI activity was measured by a scintillation counter, and metastatic status was examined by hematoxylin-eosin staining. The number of dissected nodes was 45 +/- 15 (mean +/- SD) per patient, and the number of nodes with high RI activity was 4 +/- 1. Nodal metastasis occurred in 11 of 26 patients. In 9 of these 11 patients, metastatic foci were found in one or more nodes with high RI activity. In one of the 2 remaining patients, endoscopic clipping was applied just above the injection sites, and in the other patient, the tumor invasion was beyond the muscle layer. For further analysis, the case with clipping was excluded, and only those in which the tumor invasion was confined within the muscle layer were evaluated. Six of 18 patients in this analysis showed nodal metastasis. Each of the 6 patients had at least one node that showed high RI activity and that was positive for metastasis. We conclude that when tumor invasion remains within the muscle layer, lymph nodes with high RI activity can be regarded as sentinel nodes.
Aged↗
[Sedative premedication is necessary for infants in anesthetic induction under the presence of mother].
We examined the necessity of sedative premedication for elective operation of childhood when induction was performed beside the mother. One hundred and nine patients (aged from 2 to 8 years) were assigned randomly to two groups; midazolam (0.5 mg.kg-1, orally, n = 56) was administered 45 min before induction in Group M, and vehicle was administered (n = 53) in Group C. The differences between the two groups about their calmness and behavior were investigated using double blind method, and analyzed according to their ages, as infants (2 to 4 years), kindergarteners (5 to 6 years) and school children (7 to 8 years). The significantly higher incidences of agitation or alertness were observed in infants of Group C (P < 0.05) and all other patients were calm and well sedated. We conclude that sedative premedication is necessary in infants even if induction is performed beside patient's mothers.
Anesthesia, General↗
Characterization of novel kidney-specific delivery system using an alkylglucoside vector.
The alkylglucoside vector has been demonstrated to be a kidney-specific drug delivery system via cell surface-specific binding sites. In the present study, we examined the targeting efficiency of this vector derivatized with several types of ligand to determine the efficacy and limitations of this system. The tissue uptake clearance in the kidney (CL(uptake, kidney)) of alkylglucoside-acylated poly-L-lysine conjugates (Glc-S-C8-APL) with a mol. wt. of 4,500, 17,000, or 41,000 was greater than that accounted for by glomerular filtration and was reduced by coadministration of n-octyl-thioglucoside, which has an affinity for alkylglycoside binding sites. The mol. wt. distribution, assessed by gel filtration high-performance liquid chromatography, of the radioactivity associated with the kidney after intravenous administration of Glc-S-C8-APL41000 was shifted to a lower mol. wt. range compared with the authentic compound. The CL(uptake, kidney) and specific binding of Glc-S-C8-APL, fractionated based on mol. wt., to kidney membrane fractions was reduced as the mol. wt. of the fractionated Glc-S-C8-APL increased. These results suggest that the target efficiency of this vector depends on the size of the ligand that it delivers. Both the CL(uptake, kidney) and specific binding to kidney membranes of an alkylglucoside-tyrosine conjugate (Glc-S-C8-Tyr) with an acidic charge was much lower than that of Glc-S-C8-Tyr with cationic and neutral charges, suggesting that the anionic moiety could reduce the renal targeting efficiency. Thus, the targeting efficacy of the alkylglucoside vector seems to depend on, at least, the size and charge of the ligand that it delivers.
Animals↗
Reduced expression of p16 and p27 proteins in nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a malignant tumor with a high incidence in east Asian countries. Inactivation of cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitors (CKIs) and overexpression of G1 cyclin has been thought to be important for tumor development. To determine whether reduction of CKI (p16 and p27) expression was associated with NPC development, we performed immunohistochemical staining of NPC specimens from 20 patients. We found that p16 and p27 proteins were negative in 8 of 20 and 16 of 20 cases, respectively; that either p16 or p27 proteins were negative in 17 of 20; and that both p16 and p27 were negative in 7 of 20. Excepting the cases in which both CKIs were negative, negativity of p27 alone was statistically higher than that of p16 (9/20 versus 1/20, P = .022), suggesting that the reduction of p27 protein is an important event for the multi-step process of NPC development.
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell↗
Ultrastructural study of mouse renal glomeruli under various hemodynamic conditions by an "in vivo cryotechnique".
Three-dimensional ultrastructure of mouse renal glomeruli under various hemodynamic conditions was studied by scanning electron microscopy with an "in vivo cryotechnique" followed by freeze-substitution. These results were also compared with those of conventionally fixed glomeruli at different perfusion pressures. Some kidneys of anesthetized mice were directly frozen in vivo under normal blood flow condition. Others were frozen in the same way after ligation of the lower abdominal aorta or their heart arrest. The frozen specimens were routinely freeze-substituted, freeze-dried and ion-sputtered for SEM. For another conventional fixation method, some kidneys were perfused with glutaraldehyde at pressures of 150 cm or 250 cm water, and other renal cortical tissues were routinely immersion-fixed with glutaraldehyde. In freeze-substituted specimens with the in vivo cryotechnique, interdigitating foot processes of podocytes exhibited smooth surface contours with less shrinkage and their surfaces were arranged more tightly than those seen by the conventional fixation method. In the anesthetized mice, filtration slits between the foot processes were found to be narrow after the heart arrest, but they were wide under the normal blood flow condition. After the aorta ligation, the filtration slits became wider and the foot processes were more elongated. The ultrastructure of capillary loops in functioning renal glomeruli were revealed to be dynamically changing in the living state, depending on various hemodynamic conditions.
Animals↗
[A case of Sertoli cell tumor of the testis].
A 24-year-old man was admitted to our hospital with the complaint of a painless mass in the left testis. Gynecomastia was not present. The serum levels of alpha fetoprotein and human chorionic gonadotropin-beta were not elevated. Ultrasound sonography showed a hypoechoic lesion in the left testis. There was no evidence of retroperitoneal lymph node enlargement or distant metastasis on computerized tomography. With a diagnosis of left testicular tumor, left high orchiectomy was done. The tumor measured 10 x 11 mm in size within the testis and was histologically diagnosed as benign Sertoli cell tumor. Immunohistochemcal analysis revealed negative findings with the tumor markers inhibin, CAM 5.2, pancytokeratin, EMA, and PLAP. No adjuvant therapy was performed. Twenty-six cases of Sertoli cell tumor of the testis in the Japanese literature are reviewed.
Adult↗
Prospective study of Ki-67 labeling index in the mucosa adjacent to cancer as a marker for colorectal cancer metastasis.
Multivariate regression analysis has shown that Ki-67 labeling index in the mucosa adjacent to cancer was the most significant marker for colorectal cancer metastasis among several metastasis-related parameters according to our previous retrospective data base (7). We have performed a prospective study to ascertain whether Ki-67 labeling index in the mucosa adjacent to cancer is a useful preoperative diagnostic marker for colorectal cancer metastasis. In 182 registered cases colonoscopically biopsied, we performed surgical resection of the cancer in 37 adenocarcinoma cases, which were registered in the study. In 31 out of the 37 cases except for 6 cases with an insufficient amount of non-neoplastic mucosa, preoperative diagnosis for metastasis was performed using the Ki-67 cutoff line. The cutoff line was set at 15% according to our previous retrospective database. The preoperative diagnosis for metastasis was compared to the pathological findings of the resected specimen. The incidences of correct diagnosis for metastasis was 81% (25/31). There were 3 false positive cases and 3 false negative cases in Dukes' A-B and Dukes' C, respectively. The mean Ki-67 labeling index in the mucosa adjacent to cancer of Dukes' A-B and Dukes' C-D cases, except for the 6 misdiagnosed cases, was 7.4+/-5.0% and 29.9+9.8%, being significant at p<0.0001 by unpaired Mann-Whitney U test. These results suggest that Ki-67 labeling index in the mucosa adjacent to cancer might be a good marker for metastasis in colorectal cancer.
Adenocarcinoma↗