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Biomedical subjects

Y Kasai

Publications and source records attributed to Y Kasai.

At least 217 records · Page 12Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

[Clinical studies on gentamicin for infectious diseases following intravenous drip infusion].

An antibiotic drug of aminoglycoside group, gentamicin (GM) for parenteral use was used to 14 hospitalized patients; 5 with acute or subacute cholecystitis, 6 with acute peritonitis (4 cases were due to acute appendicitis, a case was torsion of right ovarian cyst and a case was cecal CROHN's disease), 1 with fistula ani and abscess, and 2 with localized peritonitis after gastrectomy due to gastric ulcer. GM in a dose of 60 mg were administered by intravenous drip infusion for 1 to 2 hours, twice a day for 4 to 12 days. To the cases of biliary tract infection, GM was treated for preoperative chemotherapy and to the other cases GM was treated for postoperative chemotherapy. Clinical response was excellent in 7 cases, good in 6 cases, fair in 1 case and poor in none. No adverse effect was observed. The organisms were isolated in 7 cases, 7 were Escherichia coli, 2 were Klebsiella pneumoniae and 3 were Bacteroides fragilis. The MICs for GM were 0.78--1.56 micrograms/ml in 10(8) and 10(6) cells/ml, except B. fragilis. Before the operation of above cases, GM in a dose of 60 mg (a case was 40 mg) were administered by intravenous drip infusion for 1 to 2 hours in 7 cases (3 biliary tract infection, 2 acute peritonitis and 2 gastric ulcer) and 7 cases by intramuscularly. The materials of common duct bile, gall bladder bile, gall bladder wall, the appendix and other tissues, ascites and serum samples were taken during the operation. GM concentration was measured by bioassay method with Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633 as test organism. GM concentrations in bile and gall bladder wall after intravenous drip infusion were higher than those after intramuscular administration. In the appendicitis with localized peritonitis, GM concentration in the appendix wall with catarrhal appendicitis was 0.90 microgram/g after intramuscular administration. In the cases with diffuse peritonitis and catarrhal appendicitis, GM concentrations in appendixes were 1.18 micrograms/g and 1.37 micrograms/g after intravenous drip infusion. Therefore, it was supposed that GM could be used safety and usefully by intravenous drip infusion than that by intramuscular administration.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1982

Establishment of an experimental model of human hepatoblastoma.

Establishment of xenografts or cell culture lines in which the alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) characteristic of clinical hepatoblastoma persists have been difficult. The serially transplantable strain (HB-3) of highly AFP-producing hepatoblastoma was successfully established in nude mice. And a highly AFP producing cell line (c-HB-3) is easily obtained by HB-3. This strain and line give us an ideal experimental model of hepatoblastoma in vivo and in vitro.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Evaluation of the chronotropic property of captopril in hypertensive patients.

Captopril was administered (50 mg orally) to 88 untreated hypertensive patients (70 with essential hypertension, eight with renal arterial disease, 10 with renal parenchymal disease) and to 25 hypertensive patients treated with sympatholytic or beta-blocking agent (20 with essential hypertension, five with renal arterial disease). In the former group, captopril caused a decrease in heart rate (HR) in 18 patients and an increase in only two. As a whole, captopril caused significant decreases in blood pressure without increase in HR. Significant negative correlation was observed between change in HR and plasma renin activity obtained before captopril administration (n = 79, r = -0.425, p less than 0.0001). Hypotensive and chronotropic effects of captopril were almost identical in untreated and treated patients. Hypotensive effects caused by captopril and nifedipine (20 mg orally) were almost identical. Nifedipine caused reflex tachycardia, while captopril caused slight bradycardia. Absence of compensatory tachycardia appears to be related to reduction of endogenous angiotensin II by captopril.U

Adrenergic beta-Antagonists↗
PubMed1982

Prostaglandin E synthesis in the kidney in renin subgroups of essential hypertension.

To assess the pathophysiological role of renal prostaglandin E (PGE) in renin subgroups of essential hypertension, urinary excretion of PGE before (24 hours urine) and after the administration of furosemide (1 mg/kg, iv) and 2 hours upright posture was estimated in 66 essential hypertensives, classified into high, normal and low renin subgroups. In each renin subgroup, the administration of furosemide and 2 hours upright posture induced marked increases in urinary excretion of PGE and sodium, and in plasma renin activity. However, there were no significant differences in basal values of urinary excretion of PGE among the 3 subgroups, nor in the values after the administration of furosemide and 2 hours upright posture. The present data do not support the hypothesis that the difference in renin level in essential hypertensives is dependent on the synthesis of renal PGE.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Effect of dietary sodium intake on the metabolism of prostaglandins in the kidney in hypertensive patients.

To investigate the role of renal prostaglandins (PGs) in the renal handling of sodium, urinary excretion of PGE, PGF2 alpha and PGF2 alpha MUM (main urinary metabolite of PGF2 alpha) were measured after various manipulations of dietary sodium intake in 8 hypertensive patients. A low sodium intake increased urinary excretion of PGF2 alpha MUM (p less than 0.05), but failed to change urinary excretion of PGE and PGF2 alpha. In contrast, a high sodium intake increased urinary excretion of PGE (p less than 0.01) and decreased urinary excretion of PGF2 alpha MUM (p less than 0.02). A low sodium intake decreased the ratio of urinary PGE/PGF2 alpha MUM and high sodium increased it (both p less than 0.001). There was a significant positive correlation between urinary excretion of sodium and that of PGE (p less than 0.001). Additional oral administration of potassium chloride did not change urinary excretion of PGs. These results may suggest that dietary sodium intake may be one of the regulators of the metabolism of PGs in the kidney, supporting the hypothesis that renal PGE has a natriuretic action in humans.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

[Phase II study on peplomycin for esophageal cancer].

For the purpose of verifying the effectiveness of peplomycin, one of the derivatives of bleomycin, against carcinoma of the esophagus and the safety of it, the analysis of the data for total 113 cases collected from 25 institutions in Japan was made. The results are as follows. It was effective in 19 out of 74 evaluable cases of carcinoma of the esophagus (25.7%). In case of treatment with peplomycin alone, it was effective in 6 out of 39 cases (15.4%). In case of the combination treatment with peplomycin and some other therapy, it was effective in 13 out of 35 cases (37.1%). As for the side effects, the incidence of fever was the highest in both the cases of peplomycin alone and the combination treatment such as 39.6% and 37.0%, respectively. Anorexia, nausea, vomiting, respiratory symptoms and tiredness were found in relatively many cases. In the clinical laboratory tests, the vital capacity after the treatment tended to be lower than that before the treatment, but there was little change in the hematological tests, pulmonary function test and renal function test.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

[Multihospital randomized study on the adjuvant chemotherapy with mitomycin-C and Futraful for gastric cancer V. Estimation of 5-year survival rate].

The addition of Futraful to MMC therapy of gastric carcinoma was evaluated. Nationwide 297 institutions participated in a randomized controlled study and cumulative five-year survival rate was calculated. A total of 1,673 cases was studied. These were divided in two groups: Group A, without Futraful, and Group B, with Futraful. Futraful was administered postoperatively for 3 months. The MMC treatment was done by moderate intermittent administration (Method I) or by large dose administration (Method II). Futraful improved survival rates regardless of the method of MMC treatment. Especially, Group B' (more than 60 g of Futraful) showed significantly better results in patients with metastases and positive serosal invasion in both methods, and beta type infiltration in Method I. Furthermore the Group B' patients had higher survival than Group A patients in Method II for patients in stage III and gamma type infiltration. Method II, a large dose MMC, plus Futraful was suggestive of particular effectiveness in preventing peritoneal metastases in curatively resected cases.

Drug Therapy, Combination↗
PubMed1982

[Effect of postoperative long-term chemotherapy of stomach cancer using mitomycin C and futraful--the secondary study (1)].

The Cooperative Study Group of Surgical Adjuvant Chemotherapy for Gastric Cancer in Japan with the participation of 334 institutes nation-wide had conducted the secondary study in order to investigate the usefulness of futraful in long term treatment, based on the results obtained by the primary study. The following method was taken for the study and patients were randomly divided into three groups: A group-given a high dose of MMC immediately after operation; B group-given futraful for one year after MMC administration; C group-given futraful alone for long-term. The number of eligible cases for data analysis was 3,o30. Side effects observed during the long term treatment with futraful were considered to be minor. Although the occurrence of hematocytopenia was slightly frequent because of possible increase of influence by the concomitant use of MMC, no tendency of hepatic disorders and any subjective side effects to be strengthened by MMC combination was observed at all. As for 2-year survival, an elevated survival was found in the group of concomitant use of MMC and futraful; Especially, a significantly high survival was found in the cases of stage III and n (+) . ps (+). Furthermore, the survival was elevated in proportion to the increase of total dosage of futraful. This suggested the usefulness of futraful for long term treatment.

Aged↗
PubMed1982

Effect of acute water loading on urinary excretion of prostaglandin E in hypertensive patients.

To assess the relationship or urine flow to the urinary excretion of prostaglandin E (PGE), urinary excretion of PGE was measured before and after acute water loading (20 ml/kg orally) in patients with hypertension. Water loading promptly increased urinary excretion of PGE as well as urine flow rate and decreased urine osmolality (all p less than 0.001), but did not affect urinary excretions of sodium, potassium and creatinine, plasma renin activity and plasma aldosterone concentration. There was a significant positive correlation between urine flow rate and urinary PGE excretion rate (p less than 0.01). Urinary PGE concentration correlated negatively with urine flow rate when the flow was lower than 5 ml/min (p less than 0.01). Urinary PGE concentration correlated negatively with urine flow rate when the flow was lower than 5 ml/min (p less than 0.01), whereas it did not change when the urine flow rate was larger than 5 ml/min. These results may support the hypothesis that urinary excretion of PGE is determined mainly by urine flow rate in the situation of water diuresis.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

The importance of arterial inflow in the distal side of a flap: an experimental investigation.

Using abdominal skin flaps in experimental rats, we created flaps that exhibited relatively constant necrosis in the distal side. The existence of arterial inflow had a marked effect on the survival of the distal part of these flaps. We postulate that the so-called delay mechanism produces the arterial inflow as a consequence, although how this occurs is still unsolved. We suggest the possibility that a large flap may be transposed in one stage with vascular anastomosis in the distal part--preferably artery and vein, or artery only.

Abdomen↗