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Biomedical subjects

Y Kapanci

Publications and source records attributed to Y Kapanci.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

A case of Encephalitozoon cuniculi peritonitis in a patient with AIDS.

A 45-year-old man with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) presented with an unusual peritonitis resulting from a microsporidian infection. An inflammatory mass formed by the omentum magnum was revealed at partial autopsy. This mass was infested with parasites measuring 2.5-2.6 microns by 1.2-1.5 microns, which appeared gram positive and stained dark blue with Giemsa stain. These organisms were pale pink with Kinyoun stain, and occasionally one of their poles was periodic acid-Schiff positive. Sporoblasts and spores contained in parasitophorous vacuoles were revealed by electron microscopic examination. These spores were mononucleated, without mitochondria, and had a polar filament with four or five coils. They were identified as Encephalitozoon cuniculi. Peritonitis resulting from this parasite has not been reported previously, however, it should be suspected among rare infections resulting from unusual parasites in patients with AIDS.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1989

Pneumopathies of the graft-versus-host reaction. Alveolitis associated with an increased level of tumor necrosis factor mRNA and chronic interstitial pneumonitis.

Irradiated (CBA x B10)F1 hybrid mice were injected with parental T lymphocyte-depleted bone marrow cells, (BMC), or with parental BMC together with T lymphocytes in an amount inducing greater than 80% mortality by day 40. Recipients of T cell depleted BMC did not show any mortality or significant pulmonary alterations, whereas recipients of BMC with T lymphocytes showed an alveolitis during the acute phase of the graft-versus-host reaction (GVHR) (day 15 to 25), characterized by: (a) alveolar hemorrhages, (b) increase of the number of alveolar leukocytes, (c) platelet microthrombi, (d) damage of the alveolar endothelial and epithelial cells, (e) increase of the turnover rate of the alveolar cells as shown by 3HTdR labelling, (f) increase in cell number and protein content of the bronchoalveolar lavage. These lesions were severe in the B10 versus F1, but absent in the reciprocal CBA versus F1 GVHR combination. The alveolitis was associated with a marked increase in the level of tumor necrosis factor-alpha mRNA, as shown by Northern gel analysis of lung RNA and was partially prevented by passive immunization with a rabbit anti-mouse tumor necrosis factor-alpha antibody. Mice examined after 25 days of evolution (i.e., chronic GVHR) presented an interstitial pneumonitis characterized by the accumulation of mononucleated cells, resembling large granular lymphocytes, which infiltrated first the intima of the blood vessels, and subsequently the interstice and the bronchi. These data demonstrate that the GVHR alone (in the absence of chemotherapy or overt infection) can induce two types of pneumopathies, an alveolitis and an interstitial pneumonitis.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

[Infectious pneumopathies in immunodepressed patients. Value of the study of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid].

During a period of 16 months 26 fluid specimens obtained by broncho-alveolar lavage (BAL) in 24 immunocompromised patients were examined. This material included 13 HIV positive patients and 11 patients presenting malignant hemopathies (MH), of whom 7 had had a blood marrow transplantation. The BAL fluid was divided into two equal parts, one of which was sent to the Institute of Pathology and the other to the Laboratory of Bacteriology of Geneva University Hospital. In some cases a transbronchial biopsy was also studied. Eight out of 13 HIV positive patients presented a Pneumocystis carinii infection and one a cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection (associated with atypical mycobacteria infection). In another case streptococcal pneumonia was observed. In 3 patients, analysis of the BAL fluid failed to yield a diagnosis. In the 11 patients with MH, 2 cases of CMV, 2 infections with Candida albicans and one with Aspergillus fumigatus were found. In 2 patients the pneumopathy was due to bacterial infection. Four BAL fluids failed to yield a diagnosis; however, in one of these transbronchial biopsy revealed interstitial pneumonia of unknown origin. On the basis of our material and comparison with clinica, radiological and serological data, it appears that BAL fluid analysis is a helpful and rapid diagnostic aid in infectious pneumopathies of immunocompromised patients. This is especially true of AIDS patients in whom the most common pulmonary complication is Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. However, success of the analysis requires close cooperation between clinician, bacteriologist and pathologist.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1988

Diffuse interstitial lung disease associated with hydrogen peroxide inhalation in a dairy worker.

A 41-yr-old dairy worker, smoker of 40 cigarettes daily, presented with severe gas exchange impairment caused by interstitial lung disease, as shown by transbronchial biopsy. He was exposed chronically to an aerosol of hydrogen peroxide (41 mg/mm3; upper legal limit: 1.5 mg/mm3) which must be incriminated as the etiologic agent, since withdrawal from exposure resulted in improvement, and no other etiology could be identified.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Interstitial pneumonitis and hepatitis after transfer of bone marrow cells bearing the lpr gene to irradiated recipients: a disease due to large granular leucocytes?

Mice bearing the 'auto-immune' lpr gene develop a lympho-proliferative disease associated with the production of various antibodies. Lethally irradiated recipients were grafted with bone marrow cells (BMC) from syngeneic mice with or without the lpr gene. After 6 months, the survivors were 0/24 and 16/20 for the recipients of lpr and normal BMC respectively. The mortality rate was independent of the presence of T lymphocytes among the BMC. Histological evaluation showed that hepatitis, interstitial pneumonitis, and sclerosis of lymphohaemopoietic organs were the major causes of death for the recipients of lpr BMC. Hepatitis was associated with an increase in the number of liver interstitial cells (LIC) from about 2 X 10(6) up to about 10(7) cells per liver. The LIC associated with the hepatitis were composed of polymorphonuclear leucocytes and large mononuclear leucocytes, showing phenotypic (i.e. Thy.1+, asialo GM1, presence of cytoplasmic granules) and functional (i.e. non-phagocytic and cytolytic) properties of NK cells. The disease can be distinguished both from the spontaneous disease of the lpr mice (by the absence of 'lpr cells' and of anti-DNA antibodies) and from graft versus host disease by the absence of cutaneous and intestinal lesions. It may represent a model of tissue injury mediated by large granular leucocytes.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Post-irradiation leiomyosarcoma. Case report with immunohistochemical studies.

We report here one case of post-irradiation leiomyosarcoma. The diagnosis of this was confirmed using anti-intermediate filament antibodies: tumor cells were positive for anti-vimentin and anti-desmin but negative for anti-prekeratin and anti-epithelial membrane antigen. The positive staining with anti-desmin clearly indicates a muscular origin although the tumor cells were not stained by two anti-actin antibodies, one directed against alpha-smooth muscle actin and the other against alpha-striated muscle actin. Irradiation was motivated by a wrong diagnosis of breast carcinoma when the patient was 13 year-old. The laps of time separating irradiation and the occurrence of the leiomyosarcoma was 13 years. The total dose was 6,000 rads. This is the ninth case of post-irradiation leiomyosarcomas reported in the literature.

Actin Cytoskeleton↗
PubMed1987

Characterization of stromal cells with myoid features in lymph nodes and spleen in normal and pathologic conditions.

Stromal cells with myoid features were identified in rat or human lymph nodes and spleen in normal and pathologic conditions, using antibodies to desmin, alpha-smooth muscle actin, and smooth muscle myosin. In normal lymph nodes, myoid cells (MCs) were present in the superficial and deep paracortex as well as in the medulla, and absent in lymphoid follicles. In the spleen, they were numerous in the red pulp, less abundant in periarteriolar lymphocyte sheaths of the white pulp, and absent in lymphoid follicles. On double immunostaining, alpha-smooth muscle actin and smooth muscle myosin were coexpressed with desmin only in the deep paracortex and parafollicular areas of the lymph nodes, as well as in the MCs of the periarteriolar lymphocyte sheaths and marginal zone of the spleen; the remaining MCs expressed only desmin. When examined by means of electron microscopy, MCs showed a dendritic shape and cytoplasmic bundles of microfilaments with dense bodies scattered between them. When compared with normal conditions, MCs showed changes of distribution and number in several pathologic situations. Additional findings were 1) staining of pericytes surrounding high endothelium venules of lymph nodes with alpha-smooth muscle actin antibodies in man and rat and with desmin antibodies in rats; 2) staining of endothelial cells in these venules with desmin antibodies in rats. It is concluded that a subset of reticular cells in lymph nodes and spleen, as well as pericytes and endothelial cells in high endothelium venules display cytoskeletal features suggesting a myoid differentiation and function.

Actins↗
PubMed1987

[Malignant paraganglioma of the duodenum. Immunohistochemical and ultrastructural study of a case].

Paragangliomas of the duodenum are rare. Only 40 cases, most of them corresponding to benign tumours, have been published. In this study, we report a malignant paraganglioma of the duodenum with lymph node metastasis occurring in a 73 year old woman. The essential clinical manifestations which brought the patient to surgery were abdominal pain, melaena and anemia. The surgical specimen was investigated histologically, immunohistochemically and ultrastructurally. The tumour was composed of three types of cells: epithelial, gangliocytic and spindle shaped mesenchymal cells. The first contained ultrastructurally intracytoplasmic granules bound with double membranes; they stained with monoclonal antibodies against chromogranin. Gangliocytic cells stained with monoclonal N.S.E. antibodies and the spindle cells stained with S 100 protein. The spindle cells displayed ultrastructurally glial cell characteristics, containing micro-filaments of glial type. These immunological and ultrastructural features argued in favor of the neuroendocrine cell origin of this paraganglioma.

Aged↗
PubMed1986

[Persistent generalized lymphadenopathies in homosexuals and drug addicts: changes in humoral and cellular immunity].

In two groups of subjects at risk for acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), homosexual males and intravenous drug users with persistent generalized lymphadenopathy, humoral and cell-mediated immunity were compared. A small group of patients with definite AIDS were also studied. It was found that levels of immunoglobulins, serological markers for virus and other infections, cell-mediated immunity and histology of lymph nodes were similar in homosexuals and drug users, whereas the lymphocyte sub-populations differed completely. The number of T4+ lymphocytes was markedly decreased in homosexuals but normal in drug users; the number of T8+ lymphocytes was much higher in drug users than in homosexuals. This discrepancy may explain the extremely low prevalence of AIDS cases observed among Swiss drug users as compared with the high frequency noted among homosexuals.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1986

Altered functions of peripheral blood monocytes in homosexual males and intravenous drug users with persistent generalized lymphadenopathy.

Persistent generalized lymphadenopathy (PGL) is observed predominantly in subjects at risk of developing AIDS. Twenty-seven individuals belonging to such groups: twelve homosexual males and fifteen intravenous drug users, were investigated for immunological abnormalities with particular attention to monocyte functions. They were compared with five AIDS patients. Twenty out of twenty-two individuals had anti-LAV/HTLV-III antibodies and most had abnormalities characteristic of AIDS: polyclonal hypergammaglobulinemia, decreased cell-mediated immunity, inverted T-cell helper/suppressor ratio and histological alterations of lymph nodes. As for peripheral blood monocyte functions, phagocytic capacity and production of O2- were normal and bactericidal capacity was decreased. Monocytes cultured in the presence of concanavalin A produced less PGE2 and more IL-1/MCF than normal monocytes. Similar abnormalities were found using monocytes from AIDS patients. These data suggest that monocytes from patients with PGL have functional alterations that may be either intrinsic or secondary to lymphocyte dysfunction(s); these alterations do not account for the decreased capacity of lymphocytes to respond to mitogens but may explain the uncontrolled activation of B cells.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1986

Use of silver staining (dieterlé's stain) in the diagnosis of cat scratch disease.

Lymph node involvement in cat scratch disease is characterized by a granulomatous lymphadenitis with micro-abscesses. Recently, it has been shown that the possible aetiological agent is a micro-organism which stains with some silver stains. In this study 60 lymph nodes were studied from 60 patients, using a modified Dieterlé's stain. In 40 cases (66%) rod-shaped bacilli with rounded extremities were observed. They were negative both with the Gram and Ziehl-Neelsen stains. Since such micro-organisms were demonstrated in the majority of the nodes examined, it can be concluded that silver stains are appropriate for the diagnosis of this condition.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Increased numbers of neuroepithelial bodies (NEB) in lungs of fetal rhesus monkeys following maternal dexamethasone treatment.

Numbers of neuroepithelial bodies in the lungs of fetal Rhesus monkeys increase in a dose-dependent manner when mothers are treated antenatally with dexamethasone. Maternal doses of 15 mg/kg result in numbers of neuroepithelial bodies in lungs of fetuses of 135-day gestational age not different from those of the mature control group at 162 days. Controls at 135 days are significantly different from those at 162 days. Serotonin immunoreactive neuroepithelial bodies were localized by immunocytochemistry.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Lymphadenopathy in drug addicts. A study of the distribution of T lymphocyte subsets in the lymph nodes.

Lymph node biopsies from 24 male heroin addicts and 9 control patients were studied using immunohistochemical, and in 1/3 of cases, quantitative methods. 5 out of these 24 patients were also homosexual. All presented diffuse lymphadenopathy but none had any signs or symptoms of opportunistic infections nor Kaposi's sarcoma. Histologically the lymph nodes showed a very peculiar follicular hyperplasia with atrophy of the paracortex. The germinal centers appeared irregular, ill defined and contained clusters of small lymphocytes. The mantle zone was atrophic. Immunolabelling of T lymphocytes by monoclonal antibodies showed that germinal centers were invaded by small nests of Leu 2a (and OKT8) positive lymphocytes, i.e. chiefly cytotoxic-suppressor phenotype; the number of these cells increased by about 100 times in the follicles. OKT4 (and Leu 3a) positive cells, i.e. chiefly helper-inducer phenotype, appeared to decrease. These histological and immunohistochemical changes are considered to be suggestive of drug addicts' lymphadenopathy, and also possibly of other conditions increasing the risk of AIDS.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

[Extrapulmonary small-cell carcinoma - a rarity with important therapeutic consequences].

A report is presented on 12 patients with extrapulmonary small cell carcinoma. In 9 patients the primary tumor could be localized (cervix in 3, esophagus in 3, prostate in 2, pancreas in 1) whereas no primary was found in 3. Seven of 12 patients presented with distant metastases and four developed metastases later. Five of 12 had CNS metastases (brain metastases in 4, spinal cord compression in 1). Six patients were initially treated by surgery or radiotherapy (2 and 4 respectively). All six developed distant metastases during or shortly after local treatment. Five of 6 patients initially treated with chemotherapy responded to the treatment. Three of 12 patients are surviving 18+, 80+ and 81+ months after the initial diagnosis without evidence of disease. The biology and clinical course of extrapulmonary small cell carcinoma are similar to those of its pulmonary counterpart. In planning therapy for extrapulmonary small cell carcinoma, particular importance should be attached to systemic treatment.

Adult↗