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Biomedical subjects

Y Kamiyama

Publications and source records attributed to Y Kamiyama.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

Gastric mucosal phosphatidylcholine hydroperoxide increases during cold water-immersion restraint stress in rats.

To know the role of lipid peroxidation in the pathogenesis of stress-induced gastric mucosal lesions, we performed the present study. Both gastric mucosal lesions and gastric mucosal phosphatidylcholine hydroperoxides (PCOOH) levels during cold water-immersion restraint (CWIR) stress were measured by the chemiluminecence-HPLC method in Sprague-Dawley rats. Ulcer indices increased time-dependently during the stress. Gastric mucosal PCOOH levels also significantly increased and reached a peak level (250% of untreated level) after 2 hr of stress. These results suggest that lipid peroxidation may play an important role in the pathogenesis of gastric mucosal lesions induced CWIR stress.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

[Computed tomography with continuous transport and continuous scanner rotation for laparoscopic cholecystectomy].

We investigated the 58 cases of cholecystolithiasis including 8 cases of choledocholithiasis treated with laparoscopic cholecystectomy. All patients received spiral CT scanning with drip infusion cholangiography (DIC-SCT), and 1.6 patients received endoscopic retrograde cholangiography (ERC), and the detection rates of the gallbladder, the bile duct and the cystic duct were compared. The gallbladder could be seen in 86.2% of cases with DIC-SCT and in 63.8% of cases with conventional DIC. The junction between the cystic duct and the common bile duct could be seen in 18 of 58 cases with DIC and in 49 of 58 cases with DIC-SCT. The DIC-SCT showed significantly superior anatomical details compared with images with conventional DIC. A comparison of DIC, ERC and DIC-SCT revealed that the junction between the cystic duct and the common bile duct could be identified in 14 of 16 cases undergoing ERC, in 13 of 16 cases receiving DIC-SCT and in 4 of 16 cases receiving DIC. Significant differences were noted among DIC-SCT, ERC and conventional DIC. We concluded that DIC-SCT is easy, non-invasive and useful for the preoperative assessment of laparoscopic cholecystectomy and also helpful for avoiding damage to the bile duct.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

[Effects of dantrolene on histological and behavioral outcome in rat CA1 hippocampus after global transient cerebral ischemia].

Evidence suggests that ischemic neuronal necrosis may ultimately be the result of excessive intracellular calcium accumulation. In principle, abnormal calcium concentrations during ischemia are derived from three main sources: exaggerated influx via (a) voltage-operated channels, (b) receptor-controlled channels (f. ex. NMDA) and (c) the release of intracellular calcium ion stores. Previous studies using either calcium channel blockers or NMDA antagonists have demonstrated only limited protective effects of these agents in global transient cerebral ischemia, whereas little or no attention has been paid to the calcium sources listed under (c). Dantrolene has been shown to block the increase in free intracellular calcium ion stimulated by either NMDA or glutamate. Thus we postulated that dantrolene might improve neuronal survival in vulnerable regions to ischemia such as the CA1 hippocampus. Male Sprague-Dawley rats (300 approximately 400 g) were prepared for a four-vessel occlusion model of cerebral ischemia. Complete cerebral ischemia was induced by snaring the carotid arteries for 15 mins and maintaining mean arterial pressure at 80 mmHg. Strict attention was paid to keep normal blood gas values. Following ischemia halothane anesthesia was discontinued, and rats were extubated and when stable transferred to cages with free access to water and food. Rats survived for 7 days under close supervision, after which they were anesthetized with pentobarbital and perfused transcardially with 4% paraformaldehyde/sodium-phosphate buffer. The brain was removed and placed in fresh fixatives for another 7 days, after which 40 microns sections were cut and silver-stained.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1995

[Combined chemotherapy with 5-FU and low dose CDDP for advanced or recurrent cancer of the digestive system and home anti-cancer chemotherapy].

We have performed combined chemotherapy with 5-FU, a biochemical modulator, and low dose CDDP for advanced or recurrent cancer of the digestive system. The therapy was effective in 37% of all cases and in 45.5% and 41.6% of esophageal and gastric cancer cases, respectively. In addition, few patients developed adverse side effects including renal disorders, one of the major side effects of CDDP. Therefore, we considered home anti-cancer chemotherapy feasible. For 27 outpatients with advanced cancer of the digestive system including 15 cases of esophageal cancer, 4 cases of gastric cancer, 3 cases of colon cancer, 4 cases of pancreatic cancer and 1 case of gall bladder cancer, 4 to 6 week home adjuvant chemotherapy was performed. The regimen comprised 1 week of oral administration of 300 mg/body/day of UFT-E granules and 5 days of continuous intravenous infusion of 25 mg/body/day of CDDP using an infusor pump. During the follow-up, 3 cases of catheter obstruction, 3 cases of catheter sepsis and 1 case of pneumothorax appeared. These complications all resulted from the catheter, and safe home anti-cancer chemotherapy could be continued because 5-FU and CDDP did not cause severe side effects.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1994

The favourable effect of cyclophosphamide pulse therapy in the treatment of massive pulmonary haemorrhage in systemic lupus erythematosus.

Pulmonary haemorrhage (PH) is a rare but very serious complication of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and the treatment is still controversial. Some authors showed the effectiveness of methylprednisolone pulse therapy for PH, although its effect was often transient. A 12-year-old Japanese girl with lupus nephritis and recurrent massive PH in SLE was treated with methylprednisolone pulse therapy. The effect on PH was transient and she needed three cycles within a month and side-effects developed. Pulse therapy with cyclophosphamide, synchronized with plasmapheresis, was tried. Thereafter she did not experience PH for 7 months, whereas lupus nephritis did not improve. Pulse cyclophosphamide would be effective for life threatening massive PH in SLE patients.

Child↗
PubMed1994

Adenylate energy charge of rat and human cultured hepatocytes.

A simple and rapid method for the assay of adenine nucleotides (ATP, ADP, and AMP) was established to evaluate the adenylate energy charge (ATP+ADP/2)/(ATP+ADP+AMP) of cultured hepatocytes. The effects of inhibitors of glycolysis, fatty acid oxidation, or oxidative phosphorylation on the energy charge were examined. The energy charges of cultured hepatocytes in rats and human were almost identical and were maintained at a high level between 6 and 24 h after changing the media (rat: 0.908 +/- 0.008 n = 9, human: 0.918 +/- 0.014 n = 6, mean +/- SD). Inhibition of glycolysis with sodium fluoride or oxidative phosphorylation with antimycin A irreversibly reduced both the adenine nucleotide contents and the energy charge. However, the inhibition of fatty acid oxidation with 2-tetradecylglycidic acid did not affect the nucleotide contents, and the energy charge only decreased transiently to recover within 8 h. When the inhibitor of oxidative phosphorylation was removed, the recovery in the energy charge preceded the recovery in the adenine nucleotide contents. These findings suggest that the adenylate energy charge is a more sensitive measure of the changes in energy metabolism than the adenine nucleotide contents. Furthermore, energy charge regulates adenine nucleotide contents in cultured hepatocytes. It is important to confirm that the high energy charge of the cultured hepatocytes is maintained when these cells are used for metabolic studies.

Adenosine Diphosphate↗
PubMed1994

The peritoneal equilibration test variables in pediatric CAPD patients.

The peritoneal equilibration test (PET) is generally accepted as a valuable tool in individualizing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) treatment schedules in adults. However, the classification of peritoneal permeability as described by Twardowski is not available for children due to differences in peritoneal transport abilities. In this paper, we report the results of the PET for 20 patients aged from 1.5 to 24 years (mean 10.3 years), who started CAPD therapy at age 0-15 years, using Twardowski's standardized technique. D/P creatinine (dialysate to plasma ratio of creatinine at 4 h), D/D0 glucose (the ratio of dialysate glucose at 4 h dwell time to dialysate glucose at 0 dwell time), and the residual volume (RV) in the abdominal cavity were calculated. The mean and standard deviation values for D/P creatinine and D/D0 glucose were of a higher permeability level than those reported in Twardowski's data. Furthermore, a significant correlation of creatinine and glucose with fluid drainage ability of the peritoneum were observed. A large amount of RV (425 +/- 125 mL/m2) was detected in the patients' peritoneal cavity and this had a significant correlation with dialysate leak occurrences. The authors suggest that the RV would be an indicator for leaks and especially latent leaks. The cause of a large RV is unknown, but there is a probability that drainage volume and transport rates of metabolites decrease because the concentration of the instilled dialysate is immediately diluted by a large RV within the peritoneum.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Importance of mechanical damage to urinary red blood cells by the glomerular basement membrane.

The reasons for morphological changes of urinary red blood cells (RBC) in patients with glomerulonephritis are still controversial. In order to evaluate the importance of mechanical damage by the glomerular basement membrane (GBM), we examined urinary RBC taken from the patients with two different diseases which have characteristic GBM changes. Urinary RBC taken from 20 patients with Alport syndrome and nine with thin GBM disease were examined using a scanning electron microscope. Nineteen out of the 20 patients (95.0%) with Alport syndrome showed 'glomerular type', while five of the nine patients (55.6%) with thin GBM disease showed 'glomerular type'. These results suggest that more complicated GBM abnormalities cause more severe RBC distortion. Therefore, we conclude that mechanical damage by the GBM may be the major factor in dysmorphism of urinary RBC.

Erythrocytes↗
PubMed1994

Enzymatic synthesis of hydroquinone beta-xyloside from xylooligosaccharides.

beta-Xylosidase of Aspergillus pulverulentus catalyzes a transxylosylation reaction from xylooligosaccharides to acceptor hydroquinone. Two transfer products were purified and their structures were examined. These were identified as hydroquinone beta-(1-->4)-xyloside and hydroquinone 4-O-(beta-xylosyl)-beta-xyloside. The hydrolysis of these glycosides apparently took place accompanying the synthesis of the transfer products.

Aspergillus↗
PubMed1994

Gallbladder cancer with double pancreatic ducts--a case report.

Various forms of anomalous pancreatic ducts may be encountered. We treated a patient with very rare courses of pancreatic ducts associated with gallbladder cancer. The patient, a 65-year-old female, attended our hospital with epigastric pain and general malaise. Abdominal sonography and a CT scan led to the diagnosis of gallbladder cancer. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography revealed two main pancreatic ducts that followed a parallel course and joined the end of the common bile duct to form a common duct. The common duct opened at the ampulla of Vater. Thus, duplicated ducts of Wirsung served as the main pancreatic ducts, with no duct of Santorini. The embryonal mechanism and the clinical significance of double pancreatic ducts remains unknown, and our case is very rare.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1993

Anxiety disorders and pediatric continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis.

This paper compared 23 children with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis to a matched sample of healthy children. The rate of separation anxiety disorder was significantly higher in the children with ESRD. In their family environments, mothers of ESRD children reported significantly lower independence and achievement orientation than mothers of control children.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Microdialysis measurements of PGD2, TXB2 and 6-KETO-PGF1 alpha in rat CA1 hippocampus during transient cerebral ischemia.

We measured hippocampal CA1 concentrations of PGD2, TxB2 and 6-keto-PGF1 alpha in 18 anesthetized rats with stereotaxically implanted microdialysis probes before, during and after 20 min of global cerebral ischemia. The insertion of the microdialysis probe did not appear to cause a continuous major disturbance of arachidonic acid (AA) metabolism because stable eicosanoid concentrations were obtained prior to ischemia. During reperfusion all three eicosanoids increased significantly reaching a peak after 30-60 min and then gradually declined to baseline levels over the next 2-3 h. The ratio of average peak concentrations for PGD2, TxB2 and 6-keto-PGF1 alpha were approximately 80:2:1, respectively. The results extend previous work by demonstrating the time course of eicosanoid release in a distinct brain region and confirm the role of PGD2 as the major PG metabolite in brain. We conclude that future studies employing microdialysis may be able to provide a more detailed understanding of the role of AA metabolites in ischemic brain.

6-Ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha↗