Immobilization as the pathogenesis of osteoporosis: experimental and clinical studies.
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Adult↗
Biomedical subjects
Y Kaji
Publications and source records attributed to Y Kaji.
Osteoclasts are present in gp130-deficient mice.
Interleukin (IL)-6, IL-11, leukemia inhibitory factor, and oncostatin M similarly induce osteoclast formation in cocultures of osteoblastic cells and bone marrow cells. These cytokines share a common signal transducer, gp130, which forms a receptor complex with the specific receptor for each cytokine. To investigate the role of gp130 in osteoclast development, we examined bone tissues in gp130-deficient and wild-type newborn mice of the ICR background. Soft x-ray radiographs and microfocus x-ray computed tomographs revealed that bone marrow cavities were present in tibiae and radii of both wild-type and gp130-deficient mice. Microfocus x-ray computed tomography and histological examination demonstrated a decrease in the amount of trabeculae at the metaphysial region in tibiae and radii of the gp130-deficient mice compared with the wild-type mice. The number ofosteoclasts in gp130-deficient mice was about double that in the wild-type mice. There were no apparent differences in the distributions of alkaline phosphatase-positive osteoblasts and the osteoid surface on the trabecular bone at the metaphysial region between the wild-type and gp130-deficient mice. The volume of mineralized trabecular bones was also decreased at mandibulae, accompanied by the increased number of osteoclasts in gp130-deficient mice compared with the wild-type and heterozygous mice. These results suggest that the formation of osteoclasts is not solely dependent on gp130 signaling, at least during fetal development. The osteoclastic bone resorption in gp130-deficient mice may be caused by the functional redundancy of bone-resorbing hormones and cytokines other than those of the IL-6 family.
Animals↗
[Use of intravitreal ganciclovir for cytomegalovirus retinitis in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus].
A patient with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) developed bilateral cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis and was treated with a total of 9 intravitreal ganciclovir injections at a dose of 400 micrograms/50 microliters in each eye under topical anesthesia. She was unable to receive systemic antiviral therapy because of bone marrow suppression and renal failure. The condition of both eyes improved after the intravitreal injections. Recurrence of CMV retinitis was not seen until death. Intravitreal injections of ganciclovir are useful even for the non-acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) immunocompromised patients with CMV retinitis when the patients can not receive intravenous medications because of systemic complications.
Antiviral Agents↗
Magnetic resonance imaging and serum CA-125 in evaluating patients with endometriomas prior to medical therapy.
OBJECTIVE: To determine whether magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and serum levels of CA-125 can be used to evaluate patients with endometriomas before initiating medical treatment. DESIGN: Comparative study before and after medical treatment. SETTING: Shimane Medical University Hospital, Izumo, Japan. PATIENTS: Eleven consecutive patients with at least one endometrioma > 10 mm in maximal diameter that was diagnosed by laparoscopy and treated with 900 micrograms/d buserelin acetate for 6 months. INTERVENTIONS: Magnetic resonance imaging and blood sampling was performed < 2 weeks before laparoscopy. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Signal intensity of edometrioma/signal intensity of gluteus maximum muscle on T2-weighted image (T2SI:MSI); volume of endometrioma and serum CA-125. RESULTS: There was a positive linear correlation (r = 0.787) between T2SI:MSI before treatment and the extent of decrease in the volume of endometrioma. There was a negative linear relationship between serum CA-125 before treatment and the mean extent of decrease in the cyst volume (r = 0.678). The reduction in volume of endometrioma and T2SI:MSI before treatment related to the outcome of patients. CONCLUSION: The T2SI:MSI on MRI and serum CA-125 may be useful for estimating the outcome of patients with endometriomas before initiating medical treatment.
Adult↗
Calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumours in small domesticated carnivores: histological, immunohistochemical and electron microscopical studies.
Histological, immunohistochemical and electron microscopical studies revealed one feline and four canine calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumours in 115 oral tumours over a 10-year period. The tumours consisted of islands and sheets of odontogenic epithelium of varying size within a stroma of fibrous connective tissues. The tumour cells were pleomorphic with variable amounts of eosinophilic cytoplasm and large hyperchromatic, polymorphic nuclei with prominent nucleoli. Clusters of keratinized tumour cells ("shadow cells") were frequently seen within the islands and sheets. The multiple spherules of homogeneous eosinophilic material stained positively with Congo red and Dylon stains and produced an apple green birefringence under polarization microscopy, indicative of amyloid. Mineralized foci were scattered throughout the tumour masses and in the homogeneous spherules. Immunohistochemically, the tumour cells reacted with anti-human keratin antibody, but not with anti-human vimentin or anti-chicken desmin antibodies. The homogeneous spherules did not react with anti-human keratin, anti-human vimentin, anti-chicken desmin, anti-amyloid A, anti-laminin or anti-human collagen (type I, III, IV) antibodies. Ultrastructurally, the cytoplasm of tumour cells was abundant and contained a large number of electron-dense bundles of tonofilaments. The homogeneous spherules consisted of fine filaments measuring about 10-12 nm in diameter.
Amyloid↗
Magnetic resonance relaxation time in evaluating the cyst fluid characteristics of endometrioma.
To determine whether the cyst fluid characteristics of endometrioma can be evaluated by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), 36 endometriomas obtained from 24 patients (age range 21-43 years; mean 34 years) were studied. MRI was performed < 2 weeks before laparoscopy or laparotomy. Comparative studies of the density and concentration of iron in the endometrioma and the signal intensity (SI) of MRI [calculated relaxation time T1 value, calculated relaxation time T2 value, signal intensity on a T1-weighted image (T1SI) and on a T2-weighted image (T2SI) of the cyst; T1SI/signal intensity of the gluteus maximus muscle (MSI), and T2SI/MSI of the cyst] were performed. The density of the cyst fluid and its iron concentration were found to be directly proportional. There was a significant relationship between the concentration of iron and the T2SI, T2SI/MI and calculated T2 values. In particular, the concentration of iron and the ration of T2SI/ MSI were inversely proportional. Therefore, T2SI/MSI reflected the concentration of iron in endometriomas without recourse to measurement of the calculated T2 value, which suggests that the MRI and T2 signal intensity may be useful for evaluating the cyst fluid characteristics of endometriomas.
Adult↗
Large outbreak of swine influenza in southern Japan caused by reassortant (H1N2) influenza viruses: its epizootic background and characterization of the causative viruses.
In the winter of 1989 and the spring of 1990, there were large outbreaks of respiratory disease in two swine herds in Nagasaki Prefecture, southern Japan. Serological surveillance indicated that the majority of swine possessed antibodies to swine influenza virus H1 haemagglutinin and neuraminidase of early H3N2 influenza virus strains. Eight viruses were isolated from swine that showed typical clinical symptoms of influenza. The haemagglutinin and neuraminidase of these isolates were closely related to those of swine H1N1 and early human H3N2 viruses, respectively. At least two types of haemagglutinin antigens, distinguished by two monoclonal antibodies, were involved in the outbreaks. Evolutionary analyses indicated that the haemagglutinin gene of the H1N2 reassortants was closely related to those of a recent swine lineage (A/sw/HK/1/74 and A/sw/Ehime/1/80 viruses). However, the neuraminidase genes of the H1N2 reassortants were similar to those of swine N2 viruses which in turn are related to early human H3N2 viruses. A comparison of partial nucleotide sequences revealed that the six other genes of A/sw/Nagasaki/1/89 were derived from those of swine H1N1 virus.
Animals↗
[Factors predictive of early mortality after acute myocardial infarction].
OBJECTIVES: (1) To define the clinical and laboratory findings predictive of early mortality after myocardial infarction (AMI), 100 consecutive patients were studied. (2) To elucidate the serum potassium (K) concentration and its clinical significance after AMI, 38 patients were studied. RESULTS: (1) The 30-day mortality was greater for women than for men, for patients with diabetes mellitus than for those without, and for patients with previous MI than for those without. Clinical and laboratory findings predictive of early mortality were cardiogenic shock, congestive heart failure, perforation or rupture of the ventricle, and presence of bundle branch block and extensive anterior AMI on electrocardiogram. The presence of bradyarrhythmia, ventricular tachyarrhythmias, and high blood levels of peak creatinine phosphokinase (CPK) or myosin or atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) were not independent predictors of early mortality. Patients complicated with congestive heart failure showed higher levels of peak CPK and ANP and patients with cardiogenic shock showed higher levels of ANP. (2) Serum K concentration was lower on admission than the following days, and it showed a negative correlation with plasma epinephrine. The lower serum K was accompanied with more severe ventricular arrhythmias on 24-hour electrocardiogram. CONCLUSION: (1) Early mortality after AMI is related to left ventricular function rather than to arrhythmias. (2) Serum K is lower in the early phase of AMI and is related with plasma catecholamines and severe ventricular arrhythmias.
Aged↗
[Effects of exercise on mitral regurgitation in healthy subjects].
Transthoracic echocardiography including color Doppler echocardiography and graded exercise (supine bicycle ergometer) were performed to examine both the changes of mitral regurgitation (MR) flow during exercise and the effects of cathecholamine on the MR flow in 20 young males (mean age 19 years) and 9 male long-distance runners (mean age 20 years) with presumably normal hearts. MR flow was detected in 13 of the 20 young males at rest. The severity of MR was mild in 12 subjects, and moderate in 1. After exercise, MR flow vanished in 4 of the 13 subjects (group B). In the other nine subjects, MR flow lasted during and after exercise (group A). In the seven subjects without MR flow at rest, MR flow did not appear during and after exercise (group C). Group A had significantly lower left ventricular ejection fraction than group C at rest (A 64.9 +/- 4.25%, B 69.4 +/- 4.32%, C 73.9 +/- 3.46%; p < 0.05). However, no significant differences were observed in other echocardiographic parameters (including left ventricular end-diastolic dimension, mitral annulus diameter and left atrial diameter), heart rate and serum cathecholamine levels between the three groups before and after exercise. In the nine male long-distance runners, MR flow was detected in six of nine subjects at rest. The severity of MR was mild in all subjects. After exercise, MR flow vanished in two of these six subjects (group A). In the other four subjects, MR flow lasted during and after exercise (group B). In three subjects without MR flow at rest, MR flow did not appear during and after exercise (group C). There were no significant differences in echocardiographic parameters, heart rate and serum cathecholamine levels between the three groups before and after exercise. These data suggest that MR flow detected in healthy subjects correlates with tension and contractility of papillary muscle.
Adolescent↗
Effects of ajmaline on non-sodium ionic currents in guinea pig ventricular myocytes.
The lack of currently available data stimulated us to investigate the electrophysiological effects of ajmaline, a classical class Ia antiarrhythmic agent, on various currents responsible for the action potential plateau and repolarization phases. The whole cell patch clamp recording technique was applied to guinea pig ventricular myocytes. Ajmaline suppressed the Ca2+ current (Ica) in a dose-dependent manner (Kd = 1.2 x 10(-5) M) without affecting the steady-state inactivation kinetics and the voltage dependency of the current-voltage relationship. Ajmaline inhibited the inward portion of the inward rectifying K+ current (IKl). Ajmaline decreased the delayed rectifier K+ current (IK) without altering the activation or deactivation time courses. All these inhibitory effects of ajmaline prolonged the action potential duration in a dose dependent manner. The inhibitory actions of ajmaline on the action potential upstroke and various currents responsible for the plateau and repolarization may contribute to the observed suppression of depolarization-induced abnormal automaticities by this agent.
Action Potentials↗
Coronary dilating effects of intracoronary nicorandil. Comparison with isosorbide dinitrate.
Although nicorandil, N-(2-hydroxyethyl) nicotinamide dinitrate, is a nitrate ester, its cardiovascular action differs from that of nitrate compounds in several aspects. In this quantitative angiographic study, the acute coronary dilating effect of intracoronary nicorandil (0.25, 0.50, 1.0 mg) was compared with that of isosorbide dinitrate (ISDN; 1.0 mg) in 46 patients with or without ischemic heart disease (IHD). Dose-dependent right coronary dilating action was observed by intracoronary administration of nicorandil without any adverse effects. The same degree of right coronary dilation was achieved by the intracoronary application of equivalent doses of ISDN. We conclude that intracoronary administration of nicorandil is beneficial for the supportive treatment of IHD during coronary artery investigation and intervention without the risk of severe systemic hypotension.
Angina Pectoris↗
[A case of hemophagocytic syndrome manifesting adult Still's disease and acute hepatitis].
We report a 20 year-old woman with hemophagocytic syndrome. In February 1993, she developed high fever, arthralgia, salmon-like pink eruption, leukocytosis and splenomegaly. She was diagnosed as adult Still's disease and successfully treated with intravenous immunoglobulin and oral prednisolone. In September 1993, she was re-admitted to our hospital complaining of general fatigue and low grade fever and treated with oral prednisolone at a daily dose of 15 mg. On October 2, 1993, she suddenly developed high fever and salmon-like pink eruption on her leg followed by the marked increase of serum transaminase and LDH levels (GOT 3,270 IU/l, GPT 1,880 IU/l, LDH 5,480 IU/l) on October 7. Since hepatic failure progressed, we started methylprednisolone pulse therapy and plasmapheresis. However, because of the progression of pancytopenia caused by hemophagocytosis, the treatment with VP-16 was initiated. However, she died of DIC on November 2, 1993. Autopsy revealed submassive necrosis of the hepatocytes with moderate infiltration of histiocytes. She was retrospectively diagnosed as hemophagocytic syndrome whose manifestations are very similar to those in adult Still's disease and acute viral hepatitis.
Acute Disease↗
[Prostate and prostatic carcinoma: comparison of gadolinium-enhanced MR images and histopathologic findings].
The purpose of this study was to determine the patterns of enhancement in normal prostate, and to compare them with the enhancement patterns and histopathologic findings in patients with prostatic carcinoma. Seventeen patients who had no urogenital disease and 27 who underwent radical prostatectomy or prostatic biopsy were included in this study. All patients were evaluated with T1-, T2-weighted and gadolinium-enhanced T1-weighted images. With gadolinium enhancement the inner gland showed more enhancement than the peripheral zone in the normal prostate. The carcinoma tissue was enhanced more than the peripheral zone in 13 patients, about the same as the peripheral zone in 11 patients, and less than the peripheral zone in three patients. The three patients whose cancer tissue demonstrated no enhancement had poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma of the solid type. In conclusion, gadolinium-enhanced T1-weighted imaging is not reliable for routine use in MR imaging of the prostate, but may be useful to evaluate histologic types in patients with prostatic carcinoma.
Adolescent↗
[Role of CT in patients with prostatic disease: usefulness of depiction of prostatic zonal anatomy].
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the role of CT in patients with and without prostatic disease. CT and MR findings were reviewed in 25 patients without known prostatic disease, 11 patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia and 11 patients with prostatic cancer. Differential attenuation allowed for distinction of the peripheral zone and inner gland of the prostate by CT in 72% of normal patients. The distinction rate of prostatic zonal anatomy by CT decreased to 30% in the diseased group. When zonal anatomy of the prostate is not visualized on pelvic enhanced CT, the presence of prostatic disease might be considered.
Adolescent↗
Cloning, heterologous expression, and localization of a novel crystal protein gene from Bacillus thuringiensis serovar japonensis strain buibui toxic to scarabaeid insects.
Recombinant Escherichia coli strains harboring pAG1, pAG2, pKBB100, and pKBB101 were cloned by using antiserum constructed against 130-kDa crystal protein antigen of Bacillus thuringiensis serovar japonensis strain Buibui. DNAs in the recombinant strains hybridized to the 26-base oligonucleotide probe corresponding to N-terminal amino acids of the 130-kDa crystal protein of strain Buibui. Cultures of the recombinant strains were toxic to larvae of the cupreous chafer, Anomala cuprea. Furthermore, the production of the 130-kDa polypeptide was demonstrated in the cells harboring pAG1 and pAG2 by immunoblot analysis with antiserum against the 130-kDa crystal protein. Southern hybridization analysis showed that the 130-kDa crystal protein gene is located on the chromosomal DNA of strain Buibui. On the other hand, DNA probes derived from cryIA(a) and cryIIIA genes did not hybridize to the DNA of strain Buibui.
Animals↗
Prediction of effectiveness of intraperitoneal chemotherapy by intraperitoneal scintigraphy in patients with advanced ovarian carcinoma.
Intraperitoneal scintigraphy with Tc-99m MAA was performed in nine patients with carcinomatous peritonitis secondary to ovarian or tubal carcinoma. Tc-99m MAA (370 MBq) and NaCl was delivered through an implantable injection port. For patients with good diffusion on intraperitoneal scintigraphy, intraperitoneal chemotherapy was effective. However, for patients with only local diffusion, intraperitoneal chemotherapy was not effective. Intraperitoneal scintigraphy can predict the effectiveness Intraperitoneal scintigraphy can predict the effectiveness of chemotherapy through the implantable injection port.
Adult↗
Benign prostatic hyperplasia: value of MR imaging for determining histologic type.
PURPOSE: To assess the value of magnetic resonance (MR) imaging for determining the histologic type of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Unenhanced T1- and T2-weighted images and gadolinium-enhanced T1-weighted images were obtained in the transverse plane at 1.5 T in 33 patients with BPH. Hyperphasia was classified as stromal or nonstromal. Nonstromal hyperplasia was diagnosed if (a) the nodules in the inner gland had heterogeneous high signal intensity on T2-weighted images and peripheral enhancement on gadolinium-enhanced images, (b) a surgical capsule was present, or (c) the inner gland volume to total volume ratio was greater than 0.75. RESULTS: A correct diagnosis was made with MR imaging in 23 of 24 patients with nonstromal hyperplasia and eight of nine with stromal hyperplasia (94% accuracy). In nonstromal hyperplasia, nodular lesions were seen in 20 patients and a surgical capsule was seen in 19. Eighteen patients had a transition zone ratio greater than 0.75. CONCLUSION: MR imaging appears to be useful for choosing the type of pharmacotherapy performed because accurate histologic assessment is possible.
Aged↗
Disseminated protothecosis caused by Prototheca zopfii in a cow.
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Animals↗