Biomedical subjects

Y Jiang

Publications and source records attributed to Y Jiang.

At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources

PubMed2001

[Pharmacokinetical study of safflor yellow on rat acute model of blood stasis syndrome].

OBJECTIVE: To study the pharmacokinetical character of safflor yellow in rat acute model of blood stasis syndrome. METHODS: The rat acute model of blood stasis syndrome was made by i.p. adrenalin (0.07 ml/kg) and the stimulation of ice-water. At the time of 5, 10, 30, 60, 120, 180, 320, 480 min, the concentration of safflor yellow in the serum after i.v. safflor yellow (37.08 ml/kg) was determined. RESULTS: The concentration-time date of safflor yellow in rat acute model of blood stasis syndrome was shown to fit a double-compartment open model, t1/2 alpha = 1.43 min, t1/2 beta = 95.65 min, AUC = 49,632.90 micrograms.min/ml; while the concentration-time data of safflor yellow in normal rat was shown to fit a single-compartment open model, t1/2 alpha = 66.27 min, AUC = 42,267 micrograms.min/ml. CONCLUSION: The metabolism of safflor yellow was evidently later in rat acute model of blood stasis syndrome than in normal rat.

Acute Disease↗

PubMed2001

Treatment of distal femoral nonunion and delayed union by using a retrograde intramedullary interlocking nail.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the causes of distal femoral nonunion and delayed union and assess the outcome of the corresponding treatment, retrograde intramedullary interlocking nail (RIIN). METHODS: From June 1995 to December 1998, 15 patients (9 males and 6 females) with distal femoral nonunion and delayed union were treated with RIIN. The average age of the patients was 34.5 years (23-46 years). Bone grafting was performed in 10 patients, closed reaming was done in the other 5 patients. Correction osteotomy was performed in 2 patients, and intra-articular release of knee adhesion in 11 patients. X-ray examination and knee society clinical rating system (KSS) were used to evaluate the results. RESULTS: All fractures were followed up for at least 9 months with average follow-up duration of 14.5 months (9-33 months). Solid union was documented in all patients at 6.4 months on average. There were no infections or malunions in this series. Based on the final follow-up data, acceptable functional range of motion (ROM) of over 90 degrees was achieved in most patients. The average ROM was 93.5 degrees with significant improvement of 28 degrees (42.7%, P<0.05) compared with the preoperative ROM. The average knee score was 96. Excellent ROM emerged in 13 patients. The knee function score was 90.5 on average. CONCLUSIONS: The main causes of distal femoral nonunion and delayed union are improper indications and improper use of the implants. RIIN is an effective alternative for treatment of distal femoral nonunion and delayed union because it can provide a stable and reliable fixation which is beneficial for early functional exercise of knee. Bone grafting, closed reaming and intra-articular release of knee adhesion should be considered in order to enhance the bone healing and improve ROM and the knee function.

Adult↗

PubMed2001

[Genetic subtyping of HIV-1 in Liaoning province of China].

OBJECTIVE: To study the prevalence of HIV-1 in Liaoning province of China. METHODS: Nuclear acids were extracted from blood samples of 16 HIV-1 infected individuals collected locally in Liaoning province of China from Jun. 1997 to Dec. 2000. The 0.7 kb or 1.2 kb segments of HIV-1 env gene were amplified using nested-PCR and the HIV-1 genetic subtypes were then assayed by heteroduplex mobility assay. RESULTS: Fifteen of 16 samples were positive by PCR amplification of HIV-1 env region and samples were found to be genetic subtype A,B',C,E. The proportion due to sexual transmission in all HIV infection was 31.25% (5/15), among which subtype B' (3/5) was the majority. A man who returned from Africa together with his spouse both had type A (2/5) infection. Intravenous drug users (IDUs) took up 31.25% (5/15) of all the HIV infections. Subtype C (2/4) and E were predominant among intravenous drug users. However, there was one IDU with subtype B or E. Nearly all blood recipients and blood donors were B' (4/5) except one with C. CONCLUSION: There have been several subtypes of HIV-1 existed in Liaoning province, demonstrating the complexity of HIV epidemology in Liaoning province and the difficulty conducting prevention and treatment.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗

PubMed2001

[Evaluation of treatment for retinal detachment in juveniles].

OBJECTIVE: To assess the effectiveness of different surgeries for retinal detachment in juveniles. METHODS: A retrospective analysis of the clinical therapeutic effects of various surgical treatments on 108 cases (116 eyes) in the age range of 3 - 14 years (mean, 9.6 years) was performed. RESULTS: Twenty-one eyes underwent scleral buckling procedure, and the retina was reattached in 19 eyes primarily. Fourteen eyes obtained post-operative visual acuity >or= 0.02. Ninety-seven eyes underwent vitrectomy, 58 (59.8%) eyes achieved retinal reattachment primarily and 83 eyes (85.6%) achieved retinal reattachment finally. Among them, retinal reattachment occurred in 7 of 11 gas-filled eyes, and the post-operative visual acuity >or= 0.02 in 5 eyes; and the reattachment occurred in 51 (57.3%) of 89 silicone oil-filled eyes, requiring only the primary repair. Of the silicone oil-filled eyes, 76 (85.4%) eyes achieved retinal reattachment finally. Fifty-nine (66.3%) silicone oil-treated eyes had visual acuity >or= 0.02 compared with 45.5% in long-acting-gas-treated eyes. CONCLUSIONS: Scleral buckling is a beneficial method in treatment of retinal detachment in juveniles. Vitrectomy should be considered for complicated retinal detachment. There is an advantage favoring silicone oil tamponade in achieving retinal reattachment. Retinotomy is a useful procedure for the retinal reattachment in eyes with severe proliferative vitreoretinopathy, however, it is necessary to be careful in selection of cases to undergo such a procedure.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2001

[Clinicopathological significance of grading on thymic epithelial tumors].

OBJECTIVE: To study the clinicopathologic relevance of a thymic epithelial tumor (TET) grading standard with the WHO classification. METHODS: A grading system for TET was proposed based on the application of WHO histological typing of thymic tumors and analyzed in relation to clinical therapy results and follow-up data of 200 TET cases. RESULTS: In this series, 8 patients (4.0%) belonged to type A, 68 (34.0%) were type AB, 17 (8.5%) were type B1, 39 (19.5%) were type B2, 27 (13.5%) were type B3 and 36 (18.0%) were type C. The remaining 5 cases were rare thymomas. The overall postoperative survival data showed highly significant differences among the histological subtypes (P < 0.001). Type A & type AB thymomas showed excellent prognosis, none of these patients died of tumor; in type B1, only 1 case (5.9%) died at 22 months postoperatively. Types B2, B3 and C thymomas shared the bad, worse and worst prognosis. Ninety-six patients (48.0%) were in stage I, 26 (13.0%) in stage II, 65 (32.5%) in stage III and 13 (6.5%) in stage IV. Clinical stage is also highly significant in predicting survival (P < 0.001). It was found that tumor histology could predict survival expectancies well in stage I and stage II cases. It was also found that type B2, B3 and C thymomas had a statistically significant worse prognosis than type A, AB and B1 thymomas (P < 0.001). According to the histology, clinical data, biological behavior and prognosis, it is proposed that thymomas be divided into 4 grades: grade I, II, III and IV. Follow-up is the best strategy for grade I & II patients after radical surgery. In this series, the 30 patients (15.0%) presenting clinical signs of myasthenia gravis were mostly in type B2 and B3 groups (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The WHO classification for TET provides good pathological definitions and criteria for diagnosis, which can independently predict the invasiveness and prognosis of TET. TET grading is of use in unifying pathological and clinical findings, in selection of proper therapy and in predicting prognosis.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2001

[The role of p38 MAPK in LPS induced ICAM-1 expression on endothelial cell].

OBJECTIVE: To study the role of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) on human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC). METHODS: HUVEC was harvested and cultured before being divided into two groups, i,e. stimulating group (S) and priming group (P). In S group, the cultured endothelial cell was stimulated by LPS. In P group, endothelial cell was pre-treated with SB 203580 2 hours before LPS stimulation. The expressions of ICAM-1 mRNA and protein in HUVEC of two groups and their dose-effect relationship with stimulator and inhibitor were observed. Furthermore the p38 mRNA activity of HUVEC was detected. RESULTS: After LPS stimulation, ICAM-1 molecule on the surface of endothelium increased significantly at 8 to 36 hours. Cytoplasmic mRNA increased obviously at 2 hours. The activity of p38 MAPK increased at 15 min and reached peak value at 30 to 60 min after that HUVEC was stimulated by LPS. CONCLUSION: Inhibitor SB 203580 of p38 might significantly inhibit the inducing effect of LPS. LPS could regulate the expression of ICAM-1 gene and protein in HUVEC by activating p38 MAPK signal transduction passage.

Cells, Cultured↗

PubMed2001

[Changes of early components of auditory ERPs during HDT-simulated weightlessness].

Objective. To study changes of early components of the auditory ERPs during simulated weightlessness. Method. The event-related potentials (ERPs) during an auditory location discrimination were compared between head down tilt (HDT) and head up tilt (HUT) conditions in 14 normal subjects. Result. The early components of T-ERPs and NT-ERPs decreased significantly during HDT as compared with that during HUT. The reduction of mean potential amplitude during HDT was more marked at left-forehead area (F5). Conclusion. These data provided further evidence showing that the early activity process of brain was also affected by simulated weightlessness.

Adult↗

PubMed2001

[Compound RSA 11 beta-hydroxylation with Curvularia lunata].

Compound RSA 11 beta-Hydroxylation of Curvularia lunata was studied. The composition of hydroxylation products was analyzed. It was found that the conversion rate with protoplasts was increased conspicuously, the construction and quantity of hydroxylation products was not alteration, but the percentage was changed greatly. The 14 alpha-OH percentage of protoplasts was 3.03-fold than that of mycelia, the 11 alpha-OH percentage was decreased 60%, and the conversion ratio of 11 beta-OH was more 1.29-fold than that of the mycelia. It affected the percentage of hydroxylation products when 2 mg/mL polyoxins were added into the mycelia conversion system.

17-alpha-Hydroxyprogesterone↗

PubMed2001

[Detection of anti-HAV, anti-HBV, anti-HCV and anti-HEV antibodies in the patients with sporadic acute hepatitis in Beijing during 1995-2000].

BACKGROUND: To investigate distribution of acute hepatitis A, hepatitis B, hepatitis C and hepatitis E in Beijing area. METHODS: Enzyme immunoassay (EIA) was used for detection of anti-HAV immunoglobulin M (IgM), HBsAg/anti-HBc IgM, anti HCV IgM/IgG and anti-HEV IgM/IgG. The samples were collected from the patients with sporadic hepatitis in Beijing city between 1995 and 2000. RESULTS: The total positive rate of IgM antibodies to the four hepatitis-viruses was 72.4% (155) among 214 patients with sporadic acute hepatitis; the positive rates for the 4 viruses were 29% (45) for anti-HAV, 18.1% (28) for anti-HBc, 3.9% (6) for anti-HCV and 49% (76) for anti-HEV among 155 patients with acute viral hepatitis. Nine patients were coinfected with two hepatitis viruses. CONCLUSIONS: 78% of patients with sporadic acute hepatitis were caused by enterically transmitted hepatitis viruses (A and E) in Beijing between 1995 and 2000, Hepatitis E had the highest rate. Coinfection with two hepatitis virus was found in the patient with intravenous drug abusers and cirrhosis or acute hepatitis.

Acute Disease↗

PubMed2001

Isolation and Characterization of EDAG-1, A Novel Gene Related to Regulation in Hematopoietic System.

A novel gene, named embryonic develop associated gene 1 ( EDAG -1) and abundantly expressed in human fetal liver tissues, was isolated by screening a human fetal liver cDNA library and the 5' RACE. The full length of EDAG-1 mRNA is 2 166 bp, with an open reading frame of 1 452 bp neucleotides, encoding a 484 amino acid protein. No domain or motif was found similar with other genes by Blast program. Two copies of AUUUA motif in 3' non-translated region show instability of its mRNA. The molecular weight of the protein is 55.3 kD identified by the translation in vitro. EDAG-1 is specifically expressed in hematopoietic tissues, and is quickly down-regulated during the differentiation of K562 cells induced by hemin and EPO. These results show that EDAG-1 is related to the regulation in hematopoietic system and the development of leukemia.

Journal Article↗

PubMed2001

[Malignant transformation of human bronchial epithelial cells induced by benzo(a)pyrene metabolite dihydroxyepoxy benzo pyrene].

The malignant transformation of human bronchial epithelial cell 16HBE induced by benzo (a) pyrene metabolite--dihydroxyepoxy benzo pyrene (BPDE) was studied. 16HBE cells were treated several times with BPDE at different concentrations in vitro. The identification on the malignancy of transformed 16HBE cells was investigated. The transformed cells in foci were proliferated rapidly, exhibited in extensive random orientation and crossed over. The transformed cells could grow on soft agar. The colony forming frequency of each BPDE group on soft agar was significantly higher than that of control group and showed dose-reaction relations with the concentrations of BPDE. The transformed cells could grow into tumors in nude mice. The tumor was squamose carcinoma confirmed by histopathological examination. The culture system in this study provided a potential tool for studying the molecular mechanism of carcinogenesis of human bronchial epithelial cells induced by BPDE.

7,8-Dihydro-7,8-dihydroxybenzo(a)pyrene 9,10-oxide↗

PubMed2001

[Protective effect of tanshinone on injured cultured PC12 cells in vitro].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the protective effects of tanshinone on ischemia-like injury models. METHOD: Six ischemia models including hypoxia, hypoglucose, oxidant injury, calcium overload, nitric oxide neurotoxicity and glutamic acid injury were used to assay the anti-ischemic roles of tanshinone in cultured PC12 cells, by using morphological examination, MTT staining and LDH measurement. RESULT: It was found that 3. 125-200 microliters.ml-1 tanshinone possessed obvious protective effects on PC12 cells from six ischemia-like injury models. Tanshinone could increase the number of life cells and decrease LDH activity significantly, particularly in hypoxia and caffeine injured model. CONCLUSION: Tanshinone protected PC12 cells from all injury models effectively in vitro. Its action may mainly focus on inhibiting development of the primary period of ischemia injury and calcium overloading injury.

Abietanes↗

PubMed2001

[Studies on liver cancer induced by non-necrotizing dose of diethylnitrosamine in rats].

OBJECTIVE: To provide an appropriate animal model of liver cancer and sensitive indicator for carcinogen risk assessment. METHODS: The developmental processes of liver cancers in rats initiated by non-necrotizing dose of diethylnitrosamine and promoted by phenobarbital were studied. RESULTS: Most of the preneoplastic lesions and liver cancers were made up of eosinophilic cells. The placental glutathione S-transferase (P-GST) staining could allow a lot of positive single cells, foci and nodules to be seen. But the lesions showed by HE staining expressed higher proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) than those showed by P-GST staining expressed, indicating a greater possibility for these lesions to persist and develop further. The cellular morphologic analysis demonstrated that the ratio of nuclear radii to cytoplasm radii decreased in the cell in PCNA positive expressing nodules. In addition, the nodules showed by P-GST expressed higher PCNA than those the foci expressed, indicating an increased possibility to develop further in the nodules. CONCLUSION: PCNA expression may be used as a relatively ideal marker for predicting the potential development of precancerous lesions in the experimental model of rat liver cancer induction.

Animals↗

PubMed2001

[Application of Ca(2+)-ISME in the studies on pharmacokinetics of calcium supplements].

OBJECTIVE: To determined the concentration of Ca2+ in serum by a self-made Ca(2+)-ISME in order to indicate the absorption of calcium supplement. METHODS: We have developed a calibration curve method to measure Ca2+ activities in serum sample. The pharmacokinetics of three kinds of calcium supplements were investigated by the Ca(2+)-ISME after P.O. administration in 5 healthy rats. RESULTS: Though the Tmax (hours) of the three kinds of preparations were different, there were no significant differences among their AUC by paired t-text. CONCLUSION: The above results demonstrate that our self-made Ca(2+)-ISME is applicable to the researches on pharmacokinetics of calcium supplements.

Animals↗

PubMed2001

[Study of distribution and metabolism of methamphetamine in hair of guinea pig].

OBJECTIVE: To study the distribution and metabolism of methamphetamine in the hair of guinea pig. METHODS: Determination of methamphetamine and its metabolite amphetamine in hair was performed by GC/MS and GC/NPD. Concentration-time course of methamphetamine and amphetamine in hair of guinea were recorded. Relationship between hair color, administrated dose and drug concentration in hair were also discussed. RESULTS: The concentration of amphetamine is higher than the concentration of methamphetamine in the hair of guinea administrated a single dose or seven doses of methamphetamine. The concentration of methamphetamine and amphetamine were significantly related with administration dose and the incorporation rate into white and brown hair is much poorer than that of black hair. CONCLUSION: Administration methods, dose and the color of hair affect the concentration of methamphetamine and amphetamine.

Amphetamine↗

PubMed2001

[A model of calibrated optic nerve crush injury in rats].

OBJECTIVE: To establish a calibrated optic nerve crush injury model in rats. METHODS: Twenty-eight healthy Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into two groups. Seven rats were in normal control group, i.e. group A. In group B, model of partial optic nerve crush injury group, partial optic nerve crush injury model was induced in the right eyes of another 21 rats by a special designed optic nerve clip with 40-gram holding force at optic nerve 2 mm behind the eyeball clipped for four seconds to partially block the optic nerve axoplasmic transport. The left eyes served as a control. According to the sacrificing date of the rats, three subgroups in group B were further divided. Therefore, seven rats were in each subgroup. One, eleven and eighteen days later, 3% fast blue was injected into both superior colliculi to each subgroup and group A. The eyes were enucleated another three days later, flat mounts of the retinal from both eyes were prepared on a slide and observed under a fluorescence microscope. Four photos with 400 x magnification were taken from quadrants of the retina 1 mm away from the optic disc. The labeled retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) photos were counted by a computerized image analyzer. The labeled RGCs rate, a comparison of the labeled RGCs from both eyes in a rat were used for statistical analyzing. (The labeled RGCs rate = RGCs from injured right eye/RGCs from uninjured left eye x 100%). RESULTS: In group A, the group of normal control group, the labeling rate from the ratio of RGCs counting of right eye to left eye was 99.79% +/- 13.05% and from the ratio of the RGCs of left eye to right eye was 101.86% +/- 13.91%. In group B, model of partial optic nerve crush injury group, the labeled RGCs rate were 77.79% +/- 7.11%, 63.76% +/- 3.79% and 54.66% +/- 4.75% in day 4, day 14 and 21 respectively. CONCLUSION: Using a special designed clip with 40-gram holding force constantly pressed for four seconds to create an optic nerve crush injury model in rats. As time past along, it is revealed that the labeled RGCs rate gradually reduced.

Amidines↗

PubMed2001

[The effects of safflor yellow on microcirculation and hemorheology of acute blood stasis rats].

OBJECTIVE: To observe the effects of safflor yellow on microcirculation and hemorheology of acute blood stasis rats. METHODS: The acute blood stasis medel was made by i.p. adrenalin (0.07 ml/(kg.time) for 2 times and the stimulation of ice-water. RESULTS: Safflor could markedly improve the number of net dot in microcirculation, and eta b, eta p, eta f in hemorheology (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Safflor yellow played an important role on blood stasis of rats.

Animals↗

PubMed2001

Evaluation of the diagnostic criteria for the localization of acquired arteriovenous fistulas by color Doppler flow imaging.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the diagnostic criteria for the localization of acquired arteriovenous fistulas (AVFs) by color Doppler flow imaging (CDFI) based on the features of their hemodynamic changes. METHODS: The shape and hemodynamic changes of involved vessels which could be helpful to localize the sites of fistulas were studied according to the observation of 10 cases of acquired AVFs. RESULTS: The sites of the fistulas could be shown by two-dimensional ultrasonography and color flow imaging in 40% and 80% cases, respectively. In all cases, turbulent high-velocity flow was present at the sites of the fistulas, low resistant flow was present in the arteries proximal to the fistulas, and artery-like flow was detected in the veins. CONCLUSION: CDFI was accurate for the localization of acquired AVFs, which were mainly localized by their hemodynamic changes shown by pulse Doppler ultrasound.

Adolescent↗