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Biomedical subjects

Y Iwasa

Publications and source records attributed to Y Iwasa.

At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed1977

Termination of early pregnancy by ONO-802 (16,16-dimethyl-trans-delta2-PGE1 methyl ester).

ONO-802 was infused into the uterine cavity for the termination of early pregnancy in 45 healthy volunteers. Forty two (93%) of the 45 cases had complete abortions and two had incomplete abortions. Nine (20%) of the 45 volunteers complained of nausea, 7 (16%) vomited and 5 (11%) complained of abdominal pain. Neither diarrhea nor weakness was observed. These results suggest that ONO-802 is more acceptable for the termination of early pregnancy than is PGF2alpha.

Abortion, Induced↗
PubMed1975

Effect of butyldiiodohydroxybenzoate on pituitary-thyroid interplay.

The effect of BHDB, an analogue of thyroxine, on the pituitary-thyroid system was studied in the rat. BHDB produced low plasma T4 and T3 concentrations similar to those produced by methimazole, but failed to elevate plasma TSH and to produce goiter because of displacement of T4 from the binding protein. Low plasma thyroid hormone concentrations were due to an increase of fecal loss of thyroid hormones. By releasing excess iodide, BHDB blocked the development of goiter produced by methimazole.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Sacral chordoma in early childhood: clinicopathological and immunohistochemical study.

Two cases of sacral chordoma in a 7-year, 9-month-old boy and a 3-year, 4-month-old boy are presented. In addition to the typical histology of conventional chordoma, both tumors showed the less differentiated sarcomatoid appearance of atypical chordoma in the major portion. Immunohistochemically, in both cases neoplastic cells in areas of conventional as well as atypical chordoma were positive for keratins (CAM 5.2, AE1 and AE3), epithelial membrane antigen, vimentin, S-100 protein, carcinoembryonic antigen, and glial fibrillary acidic protein. Both patients underwent resection of the tumor and chemotherapy. In comparison with conventional chordomas in adults, however, these two tumors showed more aggressive clinical course and were less amenable to therapeutic control. The older boy died of multiple metastasis 1 year after initial diagnosis. At the last follow-up, 15 months after initial diagnosis, the younger boy was alive, but with recurrent and metastatic disease of the left parasacral area and chest wall. Our studies of these two cases and the reported cases suggest that sacral chordoma in children has distinctive clinicopathologic features denoting a highly aggressive tumor and that it should be treated as such.

Biomarkers, Tumor↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effects of dietary arginine supplementation on protein turnover and tissue protein synthesis in scald-burn rats.

We assessed the effects of dietary arginine supplementation on protein turnover and organ protein synthesis in burned rats. Male Wistar rats weighing about 200 g underwent catheter jejunostomy and received scald burns covering 30% of the whole-body surface area. Animals were divided into a control group (n = 9) and an arginine group (n = 9) and continuously received total enteral nutrition for 7 d (250 kcal.kg-1.d-1, 1.72 gN.kg-1.d-1). Changes in body weight, plasma total protein, plasma albumin, urinary excretion of polyamines, nitrogen balance, whole-body protein kinetics, and tissue protein synthesis rates were determined. Whole-body protein kinetics and tissue fractional protein synthetic rates (Ks, percent/d) were estimated using a 24-h constant enteral infusion of 15N glycine on the last day. The changes in body weight were not different between the control and arginine groups. The urinary excretion of polyamines was higher in the arginine group than in the control group (P < 0.01). Burned rats enterally fed arginine-supplemented diet yielded significantly greater cumulative and daily nitrogen balance on days 3 and 5 than those fed a control diet (cumulative, P < 0.05; day 3, P < 0.01; day 5, P < 0.01). Whole-body protein turnover rate was significantly elevated in the arginine group as compared to that in the control group (P < 0.05). The Ks of rectus abdominis muscles were significantly increased in the arginine group in comparison to the control group (P < 0.01). We have shown that dietary arginine supplementation improved protein anabolism and attenuated muscle protein catabolism after thermal injury.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Arginine-supplemented diet decreases expression of inflammatory cytokines and improves survival in burned rats.

BACKGROUND: We examined whether the expression of inflammatory cytokines in organs was influenced by the enteral diet supplemented with arginine in burned rats. METHODS: Male Wistar rats weighing about 200 g underwent catheter jejunostomy and received scald burns covering 30% of the whole-body surface area. Animals were divided into two groups: a control group (no supplemental arginine, n = 12) and an arginine group (supplemental arginine: 7.7 g/L, n = 10), which continuously received total enteral nutrition for 7 days (250 kcal/kg/d, 1.72 gN/kg/d). The following were measured after the experiment: (1) messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), and IL-6 in the spleen, thymus, lung, and liver by a semiquantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction method, (2) inflammatory cytokines in the plasma and supernatant of cultured splenic lymphocytes by enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay, (3) nitric oxide (NO) product, NO2-/NO3-, in the plasma and supernatant of cultured splenic lymphocytes by the Griess method, and (4) survival rate by the Kaplan-Meier method. RESULTS: The mRNA expression of TNF-alpha was significantly decreased in the spleen and lung (p < .01, p < .05), IFN-gamma in the lung (p < .05), IL-1beta in the spleen (p < .05), and IL-6 in the thymus and liver (p < .05, p < .05) in the arginine group when compared with the control group. The production of TNF-alpha by splenic lymphocytes was suppressed in the arginine group in both concanavalin A (Con A)-treated and -untreated cultures (p < .01, p < .05). The production of IFN-gamma by splenic lymphocytes treated with Con A was suppressed in the arginine group (p < .05). The NO product in the supernatant without Con A was increased in the arginine group (p < .05). The mortality rate of the arginine group (0%) was lower than that in the control group (33.3%) on day 7 after the burn injury (p < .05). CONCLUSIONS: The data suggest that dietary arginine supplementation decreases the mRNA expression of inflammatory cytokines in organs and improves the survival rate after thermal injury.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effects of total parenteral nutrition with nucleoside and nucleotide mixture on D-galactosamine-induced liver injury in rats.

The effect of a nucleoside-nucleotide mixture on liver injury of rats induced by D-galactosamine was studied by examining changes in function and histopathology of the liver. Animals with liver damage received total parenteral nutrition with glucose and amino acids supplemented with a nucleoside-nucleotide mixture containing inosine, cytidine, GMP, uridine and thymidine, or with uridine which inhibits galactosamine injury, or with liver cell extract containing flavin adenine dinucleotide and nucleic acid derivatives. As control, animals with liver damage received total parenteral nutrition with glucose and amino acids only. The serum GOT and GPT concentrations were significantly lower in the group supplemented with nucleoside-nucleotide mixture than those in other groups. A large dose (1.2 g/kg) of uridine inhibited liver injury, but a lower dose (0.14 g/kg) did not have any effect, whereas nucleoside-nucleotide mixture containing the same amount of uridine inhibited the injury. Liver cell extract also did not improve liver function. Thus infusion of a physiological and balanced mixture of nucleosides or nucleotides may improve liver function in rats with liver injury.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

New multi-disciplinary treatment modality with RALS for patients with esophageal cancer.

Esophageal cancer is frequently found when it is already in the advanced stage and curative surgery for such cases is consequently difficult to perform. The new multi-disciplinary treatment for esophageal cancer presented here was, therefore, conceived to improve both the survival rate and quality of life of these patients. This combined treatment modality consists of limited surgery, external irradiation, intracavitary irradiation with remote-controlled after-loading system (RALS) and peri-operative chemotherapy. In the present series, 45 patients with esophageal cancer received esophagectomy and on another 11 patients bypass operation was performed. All patients were treated with this multi-disciplinary treatment after operation. A 3 cm-wide thin gastric tube was made from the greater curvature of the stomach of the patient using an autosuture apparatus (PLC55 or GIA). In the bypass operation, the jejunum was anastomosed to the original esophagus in the Roux-en Y fashion and jejunostomy was performed on the oral side of the Roux loop. A silastic tube of 9 mm inner diameter was inserted from the jejunostomy and placed into the original esophagus for the purpose of postoperative intracavitary irradiation with RALS. For the patients receiving esophagectomy, a similar silastic tube was also placed in the posterior mediastinum for intracavitary irradiation with RALS. The indication of the bypass operation was i) a tumor length longer than 9 cm on the X-ray film and/or ii) direct invasion to the aortic wall evident by CT or MRI examination. Two weeks after the operation, external irradiation to the mediastinum with Linac 10 MV X-ray, and to the bilateral cervical regions with Linac 15 MeV electron beam, was started. The irradiation doses were 30 Gy (2 Gy/day, 5 times/ week) and 48 Gy (4 Gy/day, 3 times/week), respectively. The intracavitary irradiation with RALS was started shortly before the end of the external irradiation period and was delivered from a 60Co source. The total dose was 24 Gy (6 Gy/day, once a week) for the esophagectomized cases, and 18 Gy for the bypassed cases. Two or three weeks after the termination of the radiotherapy, chemotherapy with cisplatinum and 5-fluorouracil was performed and repeated every 6 months for 2 years. All patients could eat normally and were discharged after finishing the first chemotherapy session. The overall 5-year survival rate was 49% for the esophagectomized cases and 11% for the bypassed cases. The longest survival time in the bypassed cases was 5 years and 4 months. Neither operative death nor severe complications were experienced during the treatment period. The results indicate that this newly developed multi-disciplinary treatment with RALS can improve the prognosis and the quality of life not only in the esophagectomized patients but also in the bypassed patients with advanced esophageal cancer.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Clinicopathological study of the testicular microlithiasis].

PURPOSE: Testicular microlithiasis (TM) is a relatively rare condition characterized by calcific concref1p4 within the seminiferous tubules. Little has been reported on the incidence or the clinical implication of TM among Japanese. To address the problem, we evaluated pathologic specimens from biopsies and orchiectomies, of testes with various conditions. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Pathologic specimens of the testes of 200 cases, 56 from orchiectomy and 144 from testicular biopsy, were investigated. RESULTS: The pathological diagnosis of TM was confirmed in seven (3.5%) cases, four of which were associated with germ cell tumors and the other three were obtained from testicular biopsies performed for examination of infertile men. Of the 41 patients with germ cell tumors, four (9.8%) were found to have TM, and another three (2.5%) were identified among 122 patients with infertility. The prevalence of TM is significantly higher in specimen with germ cell tumors than those without germ cell tumors (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Although TM is rarely encountered, this condition is relatively often accompanied by testicular malignancy. Further investigation would be fundamental to ascertain the relationship between TM and testicular malignancy.

Adult↗