[A case of multiple focal nodular hyperplasia in the liver].
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Female↗
Biomedical subjects
Y Isobe
Publications and source records attributed to Y Isobe.
Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) increases expression of sialyl Lewis x antigen and enhances adhesion of human gastric carcinoma (NUGC4) cells to activated endothelial cells.
Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) exerts a number of biological effects including the promotion of cell differentiation in cultured cells. In this study, we examined the effect of DMSO on the adhesion of tumor cells to endothelial cells. In vitro treatment of human gastric adenocarcinoma (NUGC4) cells with DMSO resulted in increased adhesion to interleukin-I (IL-I)-activated human endothelial cells compared with DMSO-untreated NUGC4 cells. In flow cytometry, treating NUGC4 cells with DMSO enhanced the expression of sialyl Lewis x (sialyl Le(x)) and sialyl dimeric Le(x) antigens on their surface. Also, the binding of Limulus polyphemus agglutinin (LPA), which specifically binds to cell-surface sialic acids, was increased by DMSO. The adhesion of DMSO-treated NUGC4 cells to activated endothelial cells was blocked by neuraminidase pre-treatment of tumor cells or by antibody against either endothelial leukocyte adhesion molecule-I (ELAM-I) or sialyl Le(x). Thus, it is suggested that enhanced adhesion following DMSO treatment is mediated by the interaction of sialyl Le(x) expressed on NUGC4 cells with ELAM-I of endothelial cells. The modulation of sialyl Le(x) antigen by DMSO provides a useful system for studying the regulatory mechanism of Lewis-related carbohydrate antigens and also for understanding the metastatic properties of cancer cells.
Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
The genetic effect of engineered vaccine on Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection in mice.
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Animals↗
Nucleotide sequence analysis of the gtfT gene from Streptococcus sobrinus OMZ176.
The gtfT gene and its upstream region isolated from the Streptococcus sobrinus OMZ176 chromosomal DNA were sequenced. The gtfT gene was preceded by a potential Shine-Dalgarno sequence. The gtfT gene product, glucosyltransferase (GTF), displays a typical gram-positive bacterial signal peptide sequence and both an active site peptide sequence and carboxy-terminal repeats typical of GTFs. The signal sequence is similar to those of other known GTF proteins. The putative active-site peptide sequence of this enzyme was DGIRVDAVD, which was different by one amino acid from the active-site peptide sequence derived from two different types of the S. sobrinus GTFs reported previously (G. Mooser, S. A. Hefta, R. J. Paxton, J. E. Shively, and T. D. Lee, J. Biol. Chem. 266:8916-8922, 1991). The gtfT gene product has three repeated sequences of 51 to 52 amino acids and a partial repeat of 18 amino acids. Another open reading frame (ORF) was detected in the region immediately upstream of the gtfT gene. The upstream ORF showed substantial DNA homology with the gtfS gene isolated from Streptococcus downei MFe28. The inferred amino acid sequence of the upstream ORF has four repeating units and has extensive homology with the repeated peptides coded by the S. downei gtfS gene. These results suggested that the gtfT gene was a typical gtf gene isolated from the mutans streptococci and that the two gtf genes were located in tandem on the chromosomal DNA of S. sobrinus OMZ176.
Amino Acid Sequence↗
The stability of a novel carbapenem antibiotic, meropenem (SM-7338), in a solid state formulation for injection.
A formulation of meropenem, a novel carbapenem antibiotic for injection, was developed as a vial filled with a mixture of meropenem and dried sodium carbonate. During the design phase, we studied the effect of water in the formulation on the stability of meropenem in the solid state. Meropenem is obtained as trihydrate, whose moisture content is 12.35% and is nonhygroscopic. Dehydrated meropenem, whose moisture content was 3.4%, took up moisture quickly even under low humidity (33% RH). Also, the chemical stability of dehydrated meropenem was poor compared with that of untreated meropenem, which is quite stable. Degradation of meropenem by free water was considered as a possible cause of the poor stability. Degradation of meropenem due to liberation of its crystal water to free water was also observed when meropenem was micronized by pneumatic pulverization. Crystal water of meropenem was found to stay bound and to be almost inert in the formulation. Thus, meropenem injection formulation is stable for long time at room temperature.
Chemistry, Pharmaceutical↗
DNA sequence of the glucosyltransferase gene of serotype d Streptococcus sobrinus.
A glucosyltransferase (GTF) gene was cloned into Escherichia coli from serotype d Streptococcus sobrinus OMZ176. Transformed E. coli strain MI expressed water-insoluble glucan synthesizing activity. Restriction enzyme map of pGT31 extracted from MI shows that the enzyme gene exists in the 6.4-KB PstI-fragment inserted into pBR322 vector. DNA sequence analysis indicates that a single ORF (530-5,300) is located in the PstI-fragment. The putative amino-acid composition (1,590 residues) resembles those of other GTF-I enzymes obtained from serotype g S. sobrinus and serotype h Streptococcus downei. However, at the same positions of the sequence, 18 and 142 amino-acid residues are different between serotype d and g, and serotype d and h GTF-I enzymes, respectively. The differences between serotype d and h GTF-Is are distributed in N and C-terminal regions.
Amino Acid Sequence↗
Photic regulation of peptides located in the ventrolateral subdivision of the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the rat: daily variations of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, gastrin-releasing peptide, and neuropeptide Y.
We have determined, by enzyme immunoassay, daily and circadian patterns of the concentrations of three peptides, which are located in the ventrolateral subdivision of the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN): vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP), and neuropeptide Y (NPY). The contents of VIP and GRP, which are synthesized in the SCN, did not show circadian rhythms in constant darkness (DD). Under light-dark (LD) conditions, GRP content increased and VIP content decreased over the course of the light period and then gradually recovered during the dark period. Responsiveness of these peptides to light suggests that VIP and GRP may transmit visual information on duration of illumination. NPY, which is transported from the intergeniculate leaflet of the lateral geniculate body, showed a circadian rhythm with a peak at circadian time 12 hr in DD. This endogenous rhythm was remarkably modulated by photic stimulation. Under LD conditions, the NPY content in the SCN exhibited a bimodal rhythm with peaks at both the light-dark and dark-light transition points. Thus, NPY may convey visual information on the transitions. All these results indicate that the levels of VIP, GRP, and NPY are mainly regulated by light stimulation and suggest that peptides in the ventrolateral SCN are involved in the mediation of photic information to the pacemaker.
Animals↗
Establishment of a CD4-positive plasmacytoma cell line (AMO1).
A human plasmacytoma cell line (AMO1) was established. The AMO1 cells had the light and electron microscopic characteristics typical of plasmacytoma cells and did not harbor Epstein-Barr virus. These cells expressed cytoplasmic immunoglobulin A kappa and the immunoglobulin heavy-chain gene (JH) and kappa light-chain gene (C kappa) were rearranged. Coexpression of a CD4 antigen and plasma cell antigens (CD38 and PCA-1) was an unusual and sustained feature. Neither the T-cell receptor beta nor the gamma chain gene displayed the rearranged form. Other lineage-specific surface antigens, namely T, B, monocytoid, and myeloid antigens, were all negative in AMO1. In accordance with the surface CD4 expression, polymerase chain reaction analysis indicated constitutive expression of CD4 mRNA, and the cytogenetic findings revealed that AMO1 cells had a derivative chromosome 12, which had a structural abnormality of the short arm carrying the CD4 gene locus. These findings provide strong evidence for the presence of CD4-positive malignant plasma cells and raise the possibility that the CD4 expression in the AMO1 cell line is closely associated with the derivative chromosome.
Biomarkers, Tumor↗
[Diagnostic imaging of pancreatic neoplasms by CT, MRI and US].
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Diagnosis, Differential↗
Successful arterial embolization of arteriovenous fistula in the portal circulation.
We successfully performed arterial embolization of an arteriovenous fistula between the left gastric artery and vein. The increased blood flow in the portal vein via the left gastric vein and the arteriovenous fistula induced severe portal hypertension. After obliteration of the left gastric artery, the arteriovenous fistula was not opacified on angiography and the portal hypertension improved.
Arteriovenous Fistula↗
[Studies on criteria for clinicopathological diagnosis of allergic granulomatous angiitis (AGA)].
Comparative studies in the evaluation of criteria for clinicopathological diagnosis of AGA which was proposed by Japanese Health and Welfare Ministry (JHWM) in 1988 and American College of Rheumatology (ACR) in 1990 were conducted. Twenty seven Japanese patients with AGA and 231 Japanese controlled patients with polyarteritis nodosa (PAN) and Wegener's granulomatosis (WG) were used as material patients who had been provided a second questionnaire in 1984 sponsored by the JHWM. As a result, the JHWM criteria was 85.2% in sensitivity and 96.5% in specificity, which was superior to the ACR criteria being 74.1% in sensitivity and 93.9% in specificity. These results were due to the low sensitivity and low accuracy in paranasal sinus abnormality and pulmonary infiltrates which were included in the ACR criteria. Furthermore, the JHWM criteria could be diagnosed as AGA using not only the histopathological findings but by the clinical symptoms alone. The controlled patients who were overdiagnosed as AGA using ACR criteria were thought to be included as patients with WG. On the other hand, the controlled patients who were overdiagnosed as AGA using JHWM criteria were thought to be included as patients with overlap syndrome of AGA and PAN. Accuracy of polyneuropathy, muscle weakness, melena and pretibial edema were over 60%, indicating that these clinical symptoms were available for vasculitis symptoms of the JHWM criteria.
Churg-Strauss Syndrome↗
Study of suppressive effect of intravenous fluconazole on endogenous Candida endophthalmitis in rabbits.
The effect of intravenous fluconazole on endogenous Candida endophthalmitis in rabbits was investigated. Preventive and therapeutic experiments were carried out. In the preventive series, rabbits were injected intravenously with 5 mg/kg of fluconazole at 30 minutes, 1 day and 2 days after intravenous inoculation with Candida albicans spores. The control group received no medication. No treated rabbits developed ocular lesions and no Candida spores were isolated from the treated eyes. On the other hand, all control rabbits developed bilateral chorioretinitis and C. albicans was isolated invariably from the control eyes. In the therapeutic series, intravenous fluconazole (5 mg/kg body weight) was administered from 3 to 6 days after inoculation. All rabbits developed chorioretinitis and Candida spores were isolated from all eyes. Therefore, the results of this study prove that intravenous fluconazole is more effective in preventive use than in therapeutic use against endogenous Candida endophthalmitis in rabbits.
Animals↗
Circadian rhythms of somatostatin-immunoreactivity in the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the rat.
Twenty-four hour patterns in somatostatin (SS)-like immunoreactivity (LI) within the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) were determined by enzyme immunoassay in rats blinded by bilateral orbital enucleation or kept sighted under light-dark conditions. A remarkable circadian rhythm was found in the concentration of SS-LI in the SCN under blinded conditions. The peak time appeared at about circadian time (CT) 4 in the early subjective day and the trough at around CT 16 or 20 in the subjective night. Light-dark cycles did not alter the circadian patterns of SS-LI observed in the blinded rat SCN. These results indicate the presence of an endogenous circadian rhythm in SS-LI in the rat SCN, independent of environmental lightning cycles.
Animals↗
Deep-etching immunogold replica electron microscopy of cytoskeletal elements in cultured hamster heart cells.
A procedure has been developed for the three-dimensional immunoelectron microscopic localization of cytoskeletal filaments by a deep-etching replica method in combination with immunogold labeling and/or myosin subfragment 1 (S1) decoration techniques. Neonatal hamster heart cells grown on glass coverslips were extracted with Triton X-100 or physically permeabilized by breaking open the cell membranes. S1 decoration was performed on some specimens immediately after the permeabilization. After prefixation in formaldehyde, samples were immunostained with poly- or monoclonal antibodies to desmin or vimentin, and indirectly tagged with colloidal gold probes by the biotin-streptavidin method. After postfixation with glutaraldehyde, tannic acid and osmium tetroxide, the cells were freeze-etched and rotary-replicated with platinum and carbon in a freeze-fracture apparatus. Replicas were viewed with a transmission electron microscope using a tilting specimen stage to obtain stereo images. The procedure made it possible to identify the specific filaments within the complex cytoskeletal networks in cultured hamster heart muscle and nonmuscle cells at high resolution and in three dimensions. The method has advantages in its three-dimensionality and feasibility to evaluate the data by comparing them with those obtained by alternative light microscopic methods. Details of the protocol and a description of the results of using three different antibodies are given.
Actins↗
Inhibition of gastric H+, K(+)-ATPase and acid secretion by ellagic acid.
The effects of ellagic acid on gastric H+, K(+)-ATPase, acid secretion, and the occurrence of gastric ulcers were studied. Ellagic acid inhibited hog gastric H+, K(+)-ATPase activity with a 50% inhibition at 2.1 x 10(-6)M; kinetic studies showed that the inhibition of H+, K(+)-ATPase by ellagic acid is competitive with respect to ATP and is noncompetitive with respect to K+. The effect on gastric ulcers was investigated by using a stress ulcer model. Intraperitoneal administration of ellagic acid at above 5 mg/kg markedly reduced the occurrence of gastric lesion. Ellagic acid significantly reduced acid secretion at the same doses. These results suggest that ellagic acid has a marked inhibitory effect on acid secretion and the occurrence of stress-induced gastric lesions, and these effects may be attributed to the inhibition of H+, K(+)-ATPase activity.
Adenosine Triphosphatases↗
Immunofluorescent and immunogold replica studies of desmin distribution in cultured normal and cardiomyopathic hamster heart cells.
The architecture of desmin intermediate filament arrangements in cultured cardiomyocytes from heart of normal and cardiomyopathic hamsters was studied by immunofluorescent light microscopy and immunogold replica electron microscopy. Both polyclonal and monoclonal antidesmin antibodies were used in a biotin-streptavidin system. Immunofluorescent staining of normal and cardiomyopathic myocytes for desmin at 5 days in culture exhibited filamentous staining patterns with polyclonal antidesmin and a coarse punctate staining pattern with the monoclonal antibody. At 9 days in culture, most normal myocytes showed filamentous staining with the polyclonal antibody; many of the stained filaments were associated with Z lines. With the monoclonal antidesmin, these same cells exhibited a very fine 'spotty' staining pattern. These results suggest that the arrangements and immunoreactivities of intermediate filaments change during normal cardiac myocyte development. In cardiomyopathic cells, this pattern of rearrangement and immunoreactivity appears to be delayed or possibly nonexistent. The three-dimensional electron-microscopic observation of immunogold localization of desmin achieved by a deep-etching replica technique is made on both normal and cardiomyopathic cultured heart cells. Abnormalities of desmin filament arrangements in cardiomyopathic cells are confirmed.
Animals↗
[The effect of topical steroid medication on experimental candida keratitis].
An immunological study was performed to investigate the effect of topical steroid medication on candida keratitis. 15 albino rabbits were used in this study. Candida keratitis was induced by inoculating candida albicans into the corneal stroma on the animals. In the experimental group (9 rabbits), prednisolone ointment was given twice daily for 4 days prior to the inoculation. In the control group (6 rabbits) no medication was given. The clinical course of keratitis was observed and stimulation of peripheral lymphocytes was measured. Candida extract (soluble antigen) and formalin-fixed candida whole cells (insoluble antigen) were used as antigens to stimulate the lymphocytes. Clinical observation was continued up to 21 days after inoculation. Stimulation of peripheral lymphocytes was measured by the stimulation index (SI) at before 4,7,11,14 and 21 days after inoculation. Inflammation was suppressed clinically in the active phase of the experimental group, but the total course of inflammation was longer than in the control group. In the control group, SI against both soluble and insoluble antigens was elevated. The peak SI was reached at 11 days after inoculation. In the experimental group, SI was elevated against soluble antigen but no elevation was observed against insoluble antigen. These results show that cellular immunological response does exist in experimental candida keratitis in rabbits. Since local steroid medication prolonged inflammation and suppressed cellular immunity, cellular immunity seems to play a significant role in the development and recovery of candida keratitis.
Administration, Topical↗
tGS ganglioside induces peculiar morphological features in grafted dopaminergic cells and promotes motor recovery in rats with unilateral lesions in the nigrostriatal dopamine pathway.
A cell suspension of substantia nigra from fetal rats was introduced into the ipsilateral caudate nucleus of rats with unilateral lesions in the nigrostriatal dopamine pathway, and effects of bovine total ganglioside (tGS) and monosialoganglioside (GM1) treatment on the morphological features of the transplanted cells and recovery from motor imbalance (rotation induced by methamphetamine) were investigated. Gangliosides (30 mg/kg) were administered intraperitoneally once a day for 2 weeks after transplantation to test animals while control animals received saline alone. tGS animals showed definite motor recovery in the 2nd week (P less than 0.05) while control and GM1 animals exhibited slight recovery only. At 6 weeks after transplantation, motor imbalance disappeared in all 3 groups. Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) immunocytochemical staining revealed that in the 2nd week TH-positive cells in tGS animals had more primary dendrites and more large neurites (meganeurites) than did controls. TH-positive cells of all 3 groups often had spiny processes at that time. In the 20th week, TH-positive cells became more multigonal and had wider dendritic fields in all groups, and had less meganeurites and spines. Motor recovery of each animal was dependent on the number of TH-positive cells and no significant difference was observed in the number of TH-positive cells among the three groups. tGS treatment for 2 weeks without grafting induced immunohistologically no axonal sprouting in the substantia nigra, medial forebrain bundle, accumbens and caudate nucleus when the chemical lesions were complete. Data suggest that tGS induces hypertrophy but not hyperplasia of the transplanted nigral cells, and increases the morphological plasticity. This might be the basis for promotion of recovery in motor function after transplantation.
Animals↗