Biomedical subjects

Y Ishihara

Publications and source records attributed to Y Ishihara.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources

PubMed1996

[Development of quality of life questionnaire for patients with colorectal cancer in surgical area--a study of reliability and validity of Tokyo Yamabuki Forum Version].

We developed a new questionnaire in the surgical area based on a core quality of life (QOL) questionnaire for patients with gastrointestinal cancer. In this study, we investigated the validity and reliability of a QOL questionnaire (Tokyo Yamabuki Forum Version) for patients with colorectal cancer. The questionnaire was composed of 17 items including 5 scales (basic sensory scale, psychological scale, physiological scale, defection-related scale and active scale) and a face scale as an global scale. The time needed to answer questionnaires was expected to be around 7 minutes and the questionnaires should basically be answered by the patients themselves everyday in the hospital. The study was performed in 10 hospitals in the Tokyo area, and 394 samples collected from 21 patients with rectal and colonic cancers were analyzed. A number of respondents failed to answer the question "Do you feel your foods tasty?", so we judged this item inappropriate and deleted it from the analysis. Fifteen items, including 5 scales showed satisfactory internal consistency and construct validity in correlation and factor analyses. Performance status showed a low correlation between each item, each scale and the global scale, while SDS and STAI showed an inordinately negative correlation with the fundamental and physical scales. Especially, SDS revealed an extremely close correlation with the active scale, and STAI showed an excessive correlation with the psychological scale. In the time course of QOL under chemotherapy, reductions (aggravations) were observed in both the total score of 15 items and global scale within one week postoperatively, but after that recovered to preoperative levels at 2 weeks postoperatively. A tendency to QOL improvement was observed 2 weeks after starting chemotherapy or chemoimmunotherapy. QOL of 13 patients was measured over 3 months, and the longest term was 8 months. The results suggested that this QOL questionnaire has sufficient reliability and validity to be usable for patients with colorectal cancer in the surgical area and that this model is applicable for long-term QOL surveys and frequent measurement.

Adult↗

PubMed1996

[Factors predictive of early mortality after acute myocardial infarction].

OBJECTIVES: (1) To define the clinical and laboratory findings predictive of early mortality after myocardial infarction (AMI), 100 consecutive patients were studied. (2) To elucidate the serum potassium (K) concentration and its clinical significance after AMI, 38 patients were studied. RESULTS: (1) The 30-day mortality was greater for women than for men, for patients with diabetes mellitus than for those without, and for patients with previous MI than for those without. Clinical and laboratory findings predictive of early mortality were cardiogenic shock, congestive heart failure, perforation or rupture of the ventricle, and presence of bundle branch block and extensive anterior AMI on electrocardiogram. The presence of bradyarrhythmia, ventricular tachyarrhythmias, and high blood levels of peak creatinine phosphokinase (CPK) or myosin or atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) were not independent predictors of early mortality. Patients complicated with congestive heart failure showed higher levels of peak CPK and ANP and patients with cardiogenic shock showed higher levels of ANP. (2) Serum K concentration was lower on admission than the following days, and it showed a negative correlation with plasma epinephrine. The lower serum K was accompanied with more severe ventricular arrhythmias on 24-hour electrocardiogram. CONCLUSION: (1) Early mortality after AMI is related to left ventricular function rather than to arrhythmias. (2) Serum K is lower in the early phase of AMI and is related with plasma catecholamines and severe ventricular arrhythmias.

Aged↗

PubMed1996

[Transsphenoidal surgery for a case of empty sella syndrome associated with GH secreting pituitary adenoma].

A 33-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital with acromegalic face as her chief complaint. Her neurological examination was normal, and endocrinological examination revealed a high level of growth hormone (GH) (12.8 ng/ml). CT cisternography and MRI showed an enlarged empty sella and a pituitary tumor. We performed a transsphenoidal approach operation to remove the tumor and to repair the empty sella. The tumor, which was compressed to the lateral and posterior wall of the sella turcica by the empty sella, was totally removed by meticulous curetting. It was histologically diagnosed to be a pituitary adenoma. The empty sella was elevated by coagulation of intrasellar dura and herniated arachnoid membrane, and then we filled the residual intrasellar cavity with bone fragments and fat. Postoperative hormonal examination showed normal findings, and MRI revealed obliteration of the empty sella. Surgical indication for primary empty sella is not established, but in cases associated with pituitary adenoma, transsphenoidal surgery is necessary. We reported a case of empty sella syndrome associated with GH secreting pituitary adenoma, and in this report, we introduced a new surgical technique for repairing an empty sella.

Adenoma↗

PubMed1995

Congenital dumbbell neuroblastoma.

STUDY DESIGN: New babies with neurologic deficits resulting from intraspinal extension of congenital neuroblastoma is very unusual. Two patients with congenital dumbbell neuroblastoma with paraplegia are described, and 16 other cases are reviewed. OBJECTIVE: To study the clinical features and prognosis of congenital dumbbell neuroblastoma. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Only 16 cases were found in the literature. METHODS: Two girls were diagnosed and underwent surgery. RESULTS: Although no recurrence occurred in both patients, incomplete paresis remained. Corrective surgery was needed because of the post-laminectomy spinal deformity in patient 2. CONCLUSIONS: Although a high survival rate in patients with congenital dumbbell neuroblastoma is encouraging, the poor neurologic recovery is of great concern. The authors recommend an early diagnosis by magnetic resonance imaging and early spinal cord decompression followed by chemotherapy for congenital dumbbell neuroblastoma.

Female↗

PubMed1995

A new type of human calcitonin receptor isoform generated by alternative splicing.

There are three isoforms of calcitonin receptors (CTRs). The first type (type 1) has 479 amino acids in rat and 482 amino acids in porcine. The second type (type 2) has a 39 amino acid insertion in the second extracellular domain. The third type (type 3) has a 16 amino acid insertion in the first intracellular domain. The CTR which has been isolated from a human ovarian carcinoma cell line belongs to type 3. Using RT-PCR with primers whose sequences correspond to the human CTR cDNA, we analyzed the expression of the CTR transcripts in seven human tumor cell lines and surgical specimens. The CTR m-RNA were found in all samples. Transcripts which were 48bp shorter than that of the type 3 human CTR were detected, but not transcripts of type 2 and type 3. Since the structure of this CTR is same as that of the type 1 rat and porcine CTRs, we termed it the human type 1 CTR. PCR studies using human genomic DNA as a template revealed that the 48bp sequence constitutes an exon. These results indicate that the type 1 and the type 3 human CTRs are generated by alternative splicing and a majority of human CTR transcripts is type 1.

Alternative Splicing↗

PubMed1995

A precise and fast temperature mapping using water proton chemical shift.

A new temperature measurement procedure using phase mapping was developed that makes use of the temperature dependence of the water proton chemical shift. Highly accurate and fast measurements were obtained during phantom and in vivo experiments. In the pure water phantom experiments, an accuracy of more than +/- 0.5 degrees C was obtained within a few seconds/slice using a field echo pulse sequence (TR/TE = 115/13 ms, matrix = 128 x 128, number of slices = 5). The temperature dependence of the water proton chemical shift was found to be almost the same for different materials with a chemical composition similar to living tissues (water, glucide, protein). Using this method, the temperature change inside a cat's brain was obtained with an accuracy of more than +/- 1 degree C and an in-plane resolution of 0.6 x 0.6 mm. The temperature measurement error was affected by several factors in the living system (B0 shifts caused by position shifts of the sample, blood flow, etc.), the position shift effect being the most serious.

Animals↗

PubMed1995

Plasma concentrations and tissue residues of bicozamycin given orally to pigs.

Bicozamycin was dissolved in water and administered to pigs by stomach tube at 40 mg/kg once daily for 7 consecutive days. The plasma concentration was determined on days 1 and 7 of the dosing period. The mean (+/- SD) peak plasma concentrations were 2.06 +/- 0.36 micrograms/ml at 3.08 +/- 0.80 h on day 1 and 2.36 +/- 1.32 micrograms/ml at 2.80 +/- 0.74 h on day 7, the elimination half-lives being 3.80 +/- 0.92 h and 2.43 +/- 1.41 h, respectively. The mean areas under the plasma concentration-time curves were 15.88 +/- 2.18 (micrograms h)/ml on day 1 and 12.31 +/- 6.98 (micrograms h)/ml on day 7. These pharmacokinetic parameters did not differ between days 1 and 7, suggesting that there was no accumulation in the plasma after consecutive oral dosing. The residues in kidney, liver and muscle were examined in pigs slaughtered on days 1, 3 and 5 after the last dosing. One day after withdrawal, residues were found in the kidneys of all three pigs examined, at a mean concentration of 0.26 microgram/g, and in muscle from one pig, but not in liver from any of the pigs. Bicozamycin was not detected in any of the samples taken 3 or 5 days after withdrawal.

Administration, Oral↗

PubMed1995

Malignant schwannoma of the liver.

Malignant schwannoma is the most common soft tissue sarcoma in adults, but primary schwannoma of the liver is extremely rare. We report an autopsy case of malignant schwannoma of the liver in a 63-year-old man. The tumor involved almost the entire right lobe of the liver. Microscopically, it was composed of moderately pleomorphic spindle cells with hyperchromatic nuclei with mitotic figures. The spindle cells were stained positively with antibodies to both S-100 protein and vimentin. Necrosis was found in the primary tumor. Only four other cases of malignant schwannoma of the liver were found in a review of the literature. Pertinent features of these tumors are discussed.

Fatal Outcome↗

PubMed1995

The subarachnoid space as a site for precursor T cell proliferation and effector T cell selection in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis.

To characterize the phenotype of inflammatory cells in the central nervous system (CNS) in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), Lewis rats were immunized with guinea pig myelin basic protein and frozen sections of the spinal cord with EAE were examined immunohistochemically using a panel of monoclonal antibodies against T cells and adhesion molecules. In addition, double immunostaining was performed with glial and T cells markers to examine the interaction between infiltrating T cells and reactive brain cells during the course of EAE. In the early stage of EAE, inflammatory cells first appeared in the subarachnoid space (SAS) and infiltrated the subpial region. The majority of inflammatory cells in SAS expressed TCR alpha beta and either CD4 or CD8 molecules. However, only CD4+ T cells infiltrated the parenchyma while the majority of CD8+ cells remained in SAS. A similar differential localization of T cells was observed with regard to CD45RC molecules. Inflammatory cells in SAS consisted of both CD45RC+ and CD45RC- population, while those in the parenchyma were largely CD45RC-. With regard to adhesion molecules, the leptomeninges constitutively expressed fibronectin (FN) and intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1). Most SAS inflammatory cells expressed very late activation antigen 4 (VLA-4) and, to lesser extent, lymphocyte function-associated antigen 1 (LFA-1) in the early stage of EAE. On the other hand, parenchymal infiltrating cells expressed LFA-1 more strongly in the peak stage. Double staining for V beta 8.2 TCR and microglia demonstrated an increase in the number of microglia together with morphological changes into rod-shape cells in the vicinity of infiltrating T cells.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗

PubMed1995

Bactericidal effect of rat cystatin S on an oral bacterium Porphyromonas gingivalis.

We tested antibacterial and antiviral activities of rat cystatin S, a cysteine proteinase inhibitor, belonging to the family 2 cystatins against 18 different bacterial species and poliovirus type 1 (Sabin). Rat cystatin S specifically inhibited the growth of a human oral anaerobic bacterium Porphyromonas gingivalis due to a bactericidal effect.

Amino Acid Sequence↗

PubMed1995

Isolation of cytopathic small round virus (Aichi virus) from Pakistani children and Japanese travelers from Southeast Asia.

Aichi virus was isolated in Vero cells from 5 (2.3%) of 222 Pakistani children with gastroenteritis but none was found in 91 healthy children. Aichi virus was also isolated from 5 (0.7%) of 722 Japanese travelers returned from tours to Southeast Asian countries and complained of gastrointestinal symptoms at the quarantine station of Nagoya International Airport in Japan. Of 5 Japanese travelers, 3 were returning from Indonesia, and 2 from Thailand or Malaysia. These results indicate that Aichi virus or a similar agent is endemic in Southeast Asian countries and is a cause of gastrointestinal symptoms in children in these areas or in Japanese travelers who visit there.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1995

Role of prostaglandin in the formation of osteoclasts induced by capsular-like polysaccharide antigen of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans strain Y4.

We found no reports that capsular-like polysaccharide antigen purified from Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans either induces osteoclastic bone resorption in mouse organ cultures or promotes osteoclast formation in mouse marrow cultures. In contrast, capsular-like polysaccharide antigen purified from A. actinomycetemcomitans strain Y4 induced bone resorption in mouse organ culture. To examine the mechanism of bone resorption induced by A. actinomycetemcomitans, mouse bone marrow cells were cultured with A. actinomycetemcomitans strain Y4 capsular-like polysaccharide antigen. A. actinomycetemcomitans strain Y4 capsular-like polysaccharide antigen stimulated osteoclast-like cell formation in mouse bone marrow cultures. However, the polysaccharide of A. actinomycetemcomitans lipopolysaccharide did not induce the formation of osteoclast-like cells. Indomethacin inhibited osteoclast-like cell formation mediated by A. actinomycetemcomitans strain Y4 capsular-like polysaccharide antigen in a dose-dependent manner. There was a good correlation between the number of osteoclast-like cells formed in the marrow culture and the amount of prostaglandin E2 released into the culture media. When mouse bone marrow cells were cultured with prostaglandin E2 during the culture periods, many osteoclast-like cells were formed. These results indicate that prostaglandin E2 is involved in the mechanism of the formation of osteoclast-like cells mediated by A. actinomycetemcomitans strain Y4 capsular-like polysaccharide antigen. A. actinomycetemcomitans strain Y4 capsular-like polysaccharide antigen may play an important role in inflammatory bone resorption by promoting osteoclast formation in periodontal disease.

Acid Phosphatase↗

PubMed1995

Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans Y4 capsular-polysaccharide-like polysaccharide promotes osteoclast-like cell formation by interleukin-1 alpha production in mouse marrow cultures.

The mechanism of osteoclast-like cell formation induced by periodontopathic bacterium Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans Y4 (serotype b) capsular-polysaccharide-like polysaccharide (capsular-like polysaccharide) was examined in a mouse bone marrow culture system. When mouse bone marrow cells were cultured with A. actinomycetemcomitans Y4 capsular-like polysaccharide for 9 days, many multinucleated cells were formed. The multinucleated cells showed several characteristics of osteoclasts, including tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRACP) and the ability to resorb the calcified dentine. In this study, we examined the effects of antisera to interleukins on the formation of osteoclast-like cells induced by A. actinomycetemcomitans Y4 capsular-like polysaccharide. Monospecific anti-mouse recombinant interleukin-1 alpha (rIL-1 alpha) serum completely inhibited the formation of osteoclast-like cells in the presence of A. actinomycetemcomitans Y4 capsular-like polysaccharide. However, anti-mouse rIL-1 beta and anti-mouse rIL-6 sera showed no effect on osteoclast-like cell formation. IL-1 receptor antagonist significantly inhibited the osteoclast-like cell formation mediated by A. actinomycetemcomitans Y4 capsular-like polysaccharide in mouse marrow cultures. The bioactive IL-1 was detected in the culture media of mouse bone marrow cells stimulated with A. actinomycetemcomitans Y4 capsular-like polysaccharide. These results indicate that IL-1 alpha is involved in the mechanism of the formation of osteoclast-like cells induced by A. actinomycetemcomitans Y4 capsular-like polysaccharide. We sought to determine whether osteoclast-like cell formation induced by A. actinomycetemcomitans Y4 capsular-like polysaccharide could be modulated by the protein kinase inhibitors H8 and HA1004. The formation of osteoclast-like cells was suppressed by H8 and HA1004. These findings suggest that the signals by protein kinases may regulate osteoclast-like cell formation induced by A. actinomycetemcomitans Y4 capsular-like polysaccharide. Furthermore, a correlation between IL-1 alpha and prostaglandin E2 in the osteoclast recruitment induced by A. actinomycetemcomitans Y4 capsular-like polysaccharide is discussed.

Acid Phosphatase↗

PubMed1995

[Development of quality of life (QOL) questionnaire for use of lung cancer patients in palliative therapy--study of validity and reliability. No.1].

We investigated the validity and reliability of QOL questionnaire for lung cancer patients in palliative therapy. The questionnaire covered twelve items: appetite, feelings, sleep, mental and physical fatigue, pain, anxiety, daily activity, abdominal and respiratory conditions, linear and face scales. The data were collected from 65 patients and analyzed with principal component analysis and correlation analysis. 1) The percentage of complete answers was 81.5%. 2) Appetite, feelings, sleep, mental fatigue, anxiety and mental scale, pain, respiratory condition, abdominal condition, physical fatigue and physical scale, and satisfied internal consistency. 3) The test-retest reliability was satisfied 4) The inquiry items were grouped into physical, mental and activity scales, and these scales belonged to different dimension. 5) There were correlations between a linear scale, face scale, total score and items. 6) In concurrent validity, there were correlations between performance status and the activity scale, SDS, STAI and the mental scale. 7) In sensitivity, the total score and face score were worst within one week after chemotherapy, and then recovered. This questionnaire was indeed valid and reliable for use as a QOL questionnaire for lung cancer patients in palliative therapy.

Adult↗

PubMed1995

[Development of quality of life (QOL) questionnaire for use of lung cancer patients in palliative therapy--study of validity and reliability no. 2, the effects of chemotherapeutics in QOL].

The effects of cisplatin and carboplatin in QOL were studied using a QOL questionnaire seeking to conform their validity and reliability in lung cancer patients. The questionnaire was composed of eleven items; appetite, feeling, sleep, mental fatigue, pain, anxiety, daily activity, abdominal and respiratory conditions, linear analog and face scale as global scale. The data were collected from 21 patients treated with cisplatin (Cis group) and 9 patients administered carboplatin (Carbo group). Chronological changes of QOL were measured by AUC (area under the curve) method. 1) The total score of 9 items, linear analog and face scales rose immediately to the highest levels (worse) after treatment and maintained this level for 1 week in the Cis group. The Carbo group levels rose from 3 days and returned to the control level at 9 days after treatment. 2) AUC of the total score, linear analog and face scales in the Cis group increased significantly when compared with those of the Carbo group. 3) When compared with the Cis and Carbo groups the physiological and active scales were not different, but the psychological scale showed a significant difference between the two groups. 4) The total score of the psychological scale correlated the abdominal score in the Cis group, but not in the Carbo group. 5) Sleep and mental fatigue were related to the aggravation of QOL at 5-6 days after Carboplatin treatment. These results suggested that this QOL questionnaire had sufficient sensitivity to reflect any chemotherapeutic side-effects. 6) AUC is useful method in chronological evaluation of QOL.

Adult↗

PubMed1995

Membrane-associated interleukin-1 on macrophages stimulated with Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans lipopolysaccharide induces osteoclastic bone resorption in vivo.

The effect of paraformaldehyde-fixed murine macrophage P388D1 cells stimulated with Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans Y4 lipopolysaccharide (membrane-associated interleukin-1) on osteoclastic bone resorption was investigated. Both the number of osteoclasts and the bone resorption surfaces increased considerably along the inside of the marrow space of mouse calvaria when membrane-associated interleukin-1 mediated by A. actinomycetemcomitans Y4 lipopolysaccharide were injected into the subcutaneous tissues overlying the central calvaria of 4-week-old C3H/HeJ mice. Membrane-associated interleukin-1 caused hypercalcaemia when injected into C3H/HeJ mice twice a day for 2 days. The calvaria of C3H-HeJ mice injected with membrane-associated interleukin-1 contained less mineral than those of the control mice. These results suggest that membrane-associated interleukin-1 on macrophages stimulated with A. actinomycetemcomitans Y4 lipopolysaccharide plays an important role in inflammatory osteoclastic bone resorption in periodontal diseases.

Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans↗

PubMed1995

Proton NMR spectroscopic studies of serum as an aid to perioperative cellular metabolic monitoring.

Perioperative concentration changes of cellular metabolites in serum were studied by proton NMR spectroscopy in four cancer patients who underwent tumorectomies under general anesthesia. In proton NMR spectra of serum, the resonances assignable to fatty acid in lipoprotein, lactate, alanine, glucose, glycoprotein and other metabolites were observed. The concentrations of fatty acid and alanine did not show significant changes during the operations compared with those in healthy volunteers. The concentrations of lactate, glucose and glycoprotein increased during the operations above the concentration ranges in the control subjects. The time-course of concentration change for lactate, glucose and glycoprotein was roughly classified into two patterns: i) the maximums of lactate and glucose concentration were observed in the latter halves or at the ends of the operations; ii) the maximums of glycoprotein concentrations were observed three hours after the incision, regardless of the operative time. The results showed cellular metabolic changes became larger as the operations proceeded responding to surgical stress. Prompt cellular metabolic monitoring is indispensable for the screening of cellular metabolic disorders caused by excessive surgical stress and proton NMR spectroscopy can be a new tool for monitoring perioperative cellular metabolism.

Adult↗

PubMed1995

[The validity and reliability of a Japanese version of Arthritis Impact Measurement Scales in patients with rheumatoid arthritis].

A Japanese version of Arthritis Impact Measurement Scales (Japanese-AIMS) was developed after the original AIMS Version 2 (AIMS 2). We then conducted a Quality of Life measurement of 691 patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) with this newly developed questionnaire. Based on the data collected, the validity and reliability of the Japanese-AIMS was examined. The validity of the Japanese-AIMS, which was assessed by the examination of internal consistency among items and through factor analysis, was almost comparable with that of the original AIMS 2. QOL scales were also validated using internal standards based on the subject's responses to other items in the questionnaire. The test-retest reliability, which was the correlation of scale scores between two tests administered 4-5 weeks apart, was slightly lower than the original one. We conclude that the validity and reliability of the Japanese AIMS were comparable with those of the original one, though there could be possibly improved by the minor revision of phrasing. The large scale QOL measurement study with RA patients is under way, using the Japanese-AIMS with minor revision.

Activities of Daily Living↗