Biomedical subjects

Y Ishida

Publications and source records attributed to Y Ishida.

At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources

PubMed1999

Increased urinary transferrin excretion predicts microalbuminuria in patients with type 2 diabetes.

OBJECTIVE: We studied whether increased urinary transferrin excretion rates (TERs) (urinary transferrin-to-urinary creatinine ratio > or = 107 micrograms/mmol, which is the sum of an average and 2 SDs in 431 healthy nondiabetic individuals) would predict the development of microalbuminuria (urinary albumin-to-urinary creatinine ratio > or = 2.8 mg/mmol) in patients with type 2 diabetes and normal urinary albumin excretion rates (AERs) (albumin-to-creatinine ratio < 2.8 mg/mmol). We also studied the influence of blood pressure, glycemic control, and serum levels of lipids and apolipoproteins on the later development of microalbuminuria. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: In 77 diabetic patients with normal AER, AER and TER were measured at baseline and after 24 months of follow-up. Blood pressure, glycemic control, and serum levels of lipids and apolipoproteins were measured at 1- to 2-month intervals during the follow-up period. RESULTS: Of the 16 patients who initially had increased TER, 5 (31%) developed microalbuminuria. In contrast, of the 61 who initially had normal TER, 4 (7%) developed microalbuminuria (P = 0.016). At baseline, no difference was found in age, sex, diabetes duration, diabetic medications, prevalence of hypertension, blood pressure, HbA1c levels, or serum lipid and apolipoprotein concentrations between the two group of patients with normal and increased TER. There was also no difference in duration of hypertension and prevalence of users of ACE inhibitors between two subgroups of hypertensive patients with normal and increased TER. During the 24 month follow-up period, those whose condition progressed to microalbuminuria had increased serum levels of triglycerides (1.87 +/- 0.49 vs. 1.29 +/- 0.64 mmol/l, P = 0.003) and apolipoprotein B (114 +/- 20 vs. 102 +/- 24 mg/dl, P = 0.05) and tended to have increased HbA1c levels (7.7 +/- 1.0 vs. 7.1 +/- 1.1%, P = 0.10) compared with those in whom microalbuminuria did not develop. Blood pressure, however, did not differ. In multivariate stepwise logistic regression analysis, the association between increased TER at baseline and subsequent development of microalbuminuria was significant (odds ratio 7.04 [95% CI 1.02-48.5], P = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS: In patients with type 2 diabetes and normal AER, increased TER may predict the development of microalbuminuria and abnormalities in triglyceride-rich lipoprotein metabolism, and poor glycemic control may be associated with this progression.

Albuminuria↗

PubMed1999

A recurrent case of BT leprosy with widely spread skin lesions showing a histopathology of indeterminate group after 4.5-years irregular treatment, Bangladesh.

A 29 year-old Bengali male case is presented in this paper which was a borderline tuberculoid leprosy (BT) at detection. His father contracted a lepromatous leprosy of G = 2 deformity. He took anti-leprosy drugs including MDT/MB regimen irregularly and had maculae widely-spread with anesthesia 16 months after being released from treatment (RFT). The histopathology of the maculae unexpectedly showed that of an indeterminate group of leprosy. The recurrent skin lesions were susceptive to a four-week regimen of Rifampicin and Ofloxacin. This case can not be defined as a relapsed case, because slit skin smears were always negative. It would be called a recurrent case after MDT/MB regimen. Though the reason recurrent skin lesions occur is unknown, it is reasonable to assume that the recurrent lesions are caused by dormant persisters which are originally drug sensitive. The recurrent skin lesions can not be classified because the clinical features can not be matched to their histology. Such recurrent cases might occur among the defaulters of MDT in future.

Adult↗

PubMed1999

A case of reconstruction of saddle nose deformity in leprosy.

A case of reconstructive surgery for saddle nose deformity is presented in this paper. A 22 year-old Bengali female who had completed WHO/MB regimen for 27 months underwent reconstructive surgery for saddle nose deformity. Since a saddle nose is one of the symbols of leprosy, it often causes serious psychological and social troubles to patients. This happens more often when the patient is a young unmarried woman. In this case the saddle nose seemed to be very serious. After being discharged from hospital she got married and had a baby. This operation gave the patient great relief to live in the community, because she no longer had serious visible evidence of leprosy on the body. Though the correction of the deformity without any dysfunction does not always have priority over other surgeries at a busy leprosy control project in Bangladesh, it has merit both in patients themselves and in the society around them because it leads to the elimination of the stigma of leprosy.

Adult↗

PubMed1999

[Assessment of left ventricular function by 201Tl ECG-gated myocardial SPECT].

We applied the QGS program for LV function analysis (described by Germano, 1995) to a 201Tl SPECT study at rest, and estimated its accuracy. We performed 201Tl ECG-gated myocardial SPECT in 25 patients with ischemic heart disease under an acquisition time used in the routine 99mTc ECG-gated SPECT study. The quality of the gated images was visually assessed with a 4-point grading system. LVEDV, LVESV, LVEF determined by the QGS program were compared with those by Simpson's method on biplane LVG in 25 patients. Regional wall motion scores in 7 myocardial segments were assessed on the three-dimensional display created by the QGS program and the cine display of biplane LVG with a 5-point grading system. Wall motion scores obtained by the QGS program were compared with those by LVG. Although 72.0% of 201Tl ECG-gated SPECT images were fair or poor in image quality, there were good correlations between the values obtained by the QGS program and LVG (LVEDV: r = 0.82, LVESV: r = 0.88, LVEF: r = 0.89). In addition, wall motion scores by the QGS program were correspondent to those by LVG in 77.1% of all 175 myocardial segments. We conclude that the QGS program provides high accuracy in evaluating left ventricular function even from 201Tl ECG-gated myocardial SPECT data.

Aged↗

PubMed1999

[Diagnosis of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for blowout fracture--three advantages of MRI].

INTRODUCTION: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) gives a much more detailed picture of the soft tissue than computerized tomography (CT). In blowout fracture cases, it is very easy to observe the incarcerated orbital tissue. SUBJECTS: We performed MRI in 19 blowout fracture cases. RESULTS: After evaluating the images, we found three advantages of MRI. The first is that even small herniation of the orbital contents can easily be detected because the orbital fatty tissue contrasts well around the other tissues in MRI. The second is that the incarcerated tissues can be clearly differentiated because a clear contrast between the orbital fatty tissue and the extraocular muscle can be seen in MRI. The third is that the running images of the incarcerated muscle belly can be observed because any necessary directional slies can be taken in MRI. CONCLUSION: These advantages are very important in the diagnosis of blowout fractures. MRI should be employed in blowout fracture cases in addition to CT.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1999

Radiological study of cervical ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament.

The rate of progression of cervical ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) was radiologically studied during a 3-year period in three patient populations: (a) after laminoplasty (25 patients), (b) after laminectomy (16 patients), and (c) in patients who were managed without surgery (56 patients). There appeared to be no significant difference between these two surgical procedures in postoperative progression of OPLL. When progression of OPLL was compared between patients treated surgically and nonsurgically, posterior surgery accelerated progression of OPLL.

Adult↗

PubMed1999

[The detection of apoptosis cells by TUNEL stain in peripheral blood smears].

We have determined the fixative conditions for TUNEL stain in peripheral blood smears. Murine IL-3 dependent B cell line (BAF-3) was used as positive control. The intensity of fixing solutions effected on the positivity/negativity for TUNEL stain. Alive cells showed positivity for TUNEL stain (false positive), when 70% methyl alcohol, acetone or carnoy fluid was used. In contrast to the strong fixation by high concentrated glutaraldehyde and the phosphate buffer, denatured cells showed to be negative (false negative). The fixation by 0.4% glutaraldehyde and 70% methyl alcohol for 15 min at room temperature, followed by the treatment by 20 micrograms/ml proteinase K for 15 min at 37 degrees C was most suitable for TUNEL stain to detect the apoptotic cells in peripheral blood smears. The frequency of TUNEL positive cells increased significantly in peripheral blood cells treated by apoptosis induced reagents, or infected by CMV. This is a new approach for the techniques to detect the apoptotic cells in peripheral blood smears.

Apoptosis↗

PubMed1999

Successful treatment of two patients with primary cardiac malignant lymphoma.

We describe two patients with primary cardiac malignant lymphoma involving the right atrium and superior vena cava, resulting in intractable right cardiac failure and superior vena cava syndrome. Patients were diagnosed by surgical myocardial biopsy and were treated with combination chemotherapy for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Each attained a marked response, and hence avoided sudden death from tricuspid atresia. Both have remained alive for more than 21 and 34 months, respectively, and continue intermittent combination chemotherapy.

Aged↗

PubMed1999

[Three cases of aortic arch aneurysm complicated with coronary artery disease].

Graft replacement for aortic arch aneurysm and concomitant coronary artery bypass grafting were performed in three patients between January 1994 and December 1998 in our department. The etiology of the aneurysms was arteriosclerosis in 2, and aortic dissection in 1 patient who underwent aortic root replacement (Cabrol procedure) simultaneously. Saphenous vein grafts were anastomosed to the coronary artery during core cooling, and selective cerebral perfusion was performed during reconstruction of the aortic arch and arch vessels in all cases. All patients are well and no complications were observed postoperatively.

Aged↗

PubMed1999

[Blast crisis of chronic myelocytic leukemia that was difficult to differentiate from Ph+ acute lymphoblastic leukemia].

We encountered a 44-year-old woman with suspected chronic myelocytic leukemia (CML) in the acute phase that was difficult to be differentiate from Philadelphia chromosome (Ph)-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). At disease onset, her bone marrow showed an increase in blasts that were negative for myeloperoxydase (MPO) and Positive for CD10, 19, 34, and HLA.DR. Standard type Ph was detected by chromosome analysis, and both major and minor BCR/ABL m-RNA were detected by reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) methods. Neutrophil alkaliphosphatase (NAP) score was normal, and neither eosinophilia nor basophilia was observed in peripheral blood. Under a presumptive diagnosis of Ph-positive ALL (L2), the patient was given AdVP (doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisolone) therapy followed by a regimen of LMVP (L-asparaginase, mitoxantrone, and VP), and obtained a complete remission 2 months later. At that time, FISH analyses of her bone marrow and blood cells no longer detected bone marrow Ph or BCR/ABL fusion gene. A month later, however, the leukemia relapsed with an increase in MPO-positive blasts in bone marrow, and the patient died soon thereafter. We finally concluded that her leukemia was not Ph-positive ALL, but CML in the acute phase at disease onset.

Adult↗

PubMed1999

[Adaptation of dental home care--report number 1: Limitation of dental home care].

In 1985, we established a home care team which treats elderly and handicapped patients who cannot easily come to our clinic for treatments. The demand for home care is increasing, and 70% of this demand is related to dentures-i.e., adjusting dentures or making new dentures. Through the use of portable equipment, the home care team is able to cope effectively with this demand. However, some patients who experience difficulty eating as a result of their dental conditions require immediate attention. Furthermore, some patients require frequent follow-up. In such cases, time becomes more of an issue. Cases which were found to be difficult for the home care team include: treatments involving existing teeth where more than one tooth was involved, severe cares requiring surgical treatment, and cases requiring close monitoring of a patient's physical conditions. From our experience we know there is a great demand for home care, especially among elderly and handicapped patients; we also know that the risk factors increase and that there are limitations to the kind of care we can effectively deliver. Therefore in order to ensure the patient's safety and conduct effective treatment, it is critical that we evaluate each patient's condition carefully and thoroughly. Furthermore, it is important to develop a treatment plan and to conduct treatment while comprehensively monitoring the patient's condition.

Aged↗

PubMed1999

[Adaptation of dental home care--report number 2: Attempt at a new system of dental home care].

In the first report we revealed some problems in visiting dental treatment, and concluded that a new dental care system should be constructed for the solution of those problems. Therefore, we started a new system which included dental treatment under hospitalization in our dental hospital. For home patients this system aims at treating, managing smoothly and providing better dental treatment, due to the choice of hospitalization, outpatient care, or home visits in the medical process. In the period from March, 1993, when our dental hospital was established, until December, 1998 treatment was given 1,527 times with 420 patients under this system, and 127 of these patients chose dental treatment under hospitalization. Dental treatment under hospitalization is the management method not found in usual dental treatment, but it is indispensable to our system. When we decide hospitalization, we must make an overall estimate of the patient's general condition, contents of treatment, eating function and nutritional condition, background, and the wishes of the patient and family. In principle, visiting dental treatment is intended for a patient who has finished dental treatment. When treatment is necessary, it should be limited to simple treatment, first aid and maintenance. The oral care of many home patients under the present circumstances is not practiced sufficiently, and cooperation of medical and welfare workers is required to improve such conditions.

Aged↗

PubMed1998

Cellular distributions of AMPA glutamate receptor subunits in fetal ventral mesencephalon transplants in the dopamine-depleted striatum of a rat.

To demonstrate the cellular distributions of alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionate receptor subunits (GluR1, GluR2/3, and GluR4) in the intrastriatal grafts of a rat model of Parkinson's disease, immunocytochemistry was performed in 6-hydroxydopamine rats with intrastriatal transplants of fetal ventral mesencephalon (VM). In the fetal VM (at embryonic day 15) in which the tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) immunoreactivity was intensely observed, no GluR subunit immunoreactivity was detected. Within the intrastriatal fetal VM grafts containing TH-positive cells, a large number of cells immunoreactive for GluR1 and GluR2/3 were observed. However, the GluR1- and GluR2/3-positive cells tended to locate homogeneously within the grafts and were composed of various cell sizes and shapes, mainly medium-sized and aspiny cells. Weak GluR4-positive cells were seen in the grafts, although in some cases the staining was too faint to see any immunoreactive cells at all. Double immunostaining revealed that a part of TH-positive cells in the grafts was also immunopositive for GluR1 or GluR2/3. Both dopaminergic neurons and nondopaminergic neurons in the VM transplants appear to be modified functionally by glutamatergic afferents via various glutamate receptors, including GluR1 and GluR2/3 and, to a lesser extent, GluR4.

Animals↗

PubMed1998

Methamphetamine induces fos expression in the striatum and the substantia nigra pars reticulata in a rat model of Parkinson's disease.

In rats with a unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) lesion in the nigrostriatal pathway, methamphetamine (3 mg/kg, i.p.) induced Fos-like immunoreactivity (FLI) not only in the striatum on the intact side but also in the substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNr) on the lesioned side. The methamphetamine-induced hyperexpression of FLI in the SNr on the lesioned side was suppressed by pretreatment with either dopamine D1 receptor antagonist SCH-23390 (0.5 mg/kg, i.p.), D2 receptor antagonist raclopride (2 mg/kg, i.p.) or N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor antagonist MK-801 (1 mg/kg, i.p.), which was concomitant with inhibition of the methamphetamine-induced rotational behavior of each antagonist. However, the hyperexpression of FLI in the SNr was not suppressed by intrastriatal grafts of fetal ventral mesencephalon which could suppress the methamphetamine-induced rotation completely. These results indicate that opposite hemispheric asymmetries in FLI are induced by methamphetamine in the striatum and the SNr in the 6-OHDA rats. It is suggested that the FLIs in the two discrete sites are activated independently by different mechanisms, and furthermore, different neuronal pathways are involved in the methamphetamine-induced rotation and Fos expression in the SNr of 6-OHDA rats.

Animals↗

PubMed1998

Salivary gland malignant myoepithelioma: a clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical study of ten cases.

BACKGROUND: Malignant myoepithelioma (MME) of the salivary gland, also known as myoepithelial carcinoma, is rare and its biologic behavior has not been clarified fully. METHODS: Ten cases of MME were analyzed for their clinicopathologic features and immunohistochemical characteristics, focusing on prognostic factors and tumor differentiation. In addition, six cases of benign myoepithelioma (BME) also were examined for comparison. RESULTS: The ten patients with MME (3 men and 7 women) ranged in age from 48-81 years (mean, 61.9 years). Seven cases of MME arose in the parotid salivary gland, two in the submandibular salivary gland, and one in minor salivary glands of the soft palate. In the current series, the incidence of MME was 0.45% among 1945 cases of major salivary gland tumors. Seven cases of MME developed from a benign preexisting tumor (six in pleomorphic adenoma and one in BME). Four of nine patients with MME died of the disease and two patients developed a recurrence. It was shown that MMEs were comprised of one cell type or a combination of two cell populations; these included, in order of incidence, epithelioid, spindle, and plasmacytoid cells. Patients with MME with marked cellular pleomorphism and perineural invasion had a poor prognosis. Immunohistochemically, putative myoepithelial markers such as muscle actins, cytokeratin 14, vimentin, and calponin, and S-100 protein were expressed highly in MME. High and low molecular weight cytokeratins and epithelial membrane antigen also frequently were positive in MME. p53 expression was observed in five MME cases, four of which either recurred or were fatal. Cellular proliferative activity assessed by mitotic count and the Ki-67 labeling index was significantly higher in MME cases than in BME cases. In limited cases, such cellular proliferative activity was shown to have prognostic value. Ultrastructurally, the tumor cells displayed certain myoepithelial characteristics. CONCLUSIONS: MME is a rare salivary gland tumor showing clinicopathologic diversity and presenting with various stages of myoepithelial differentiation. Histologic aggressiveness, marked cellular pleomorphism, p53 expression, and high cell proliferative activity were found to be correlated with a poor clinical outcome.

Actins↗

PubMed1998

Correlation analysis between fatty acid compositions of zooplankter individuals, fed on different phytoplankton species by means of pyrolysis-gas chromatography combined with on-line methylation.

Pyrolysis-gas chromatography (Py-GC) combined with on-line methylation was applied to a correlation analysis between the distributions of fatty acid components in the lipids of zooplankter individuals and those of ingested algae using principal component analysis (PCA). Py-GC in the presence of organic alkali, tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAH), was used to estimate the apparent distributions of fatty acid components contained in a single individual zooplankter weighing several tens of micrograms and a small sample size of ingested algae samples in the order of 10 microg. The observed fatty acid compositions were used as a database for the PCA in order to discriminate the zooplankton and ingested algae samples. The result obtained indicated that the fatty acid compositions of zooplankton individuals used in this work were significantly reflected in those of their ingested food in spite of some contribution from isomerization and/or elongation of fatty acid components during digestion of the ingested algae phytoplankton in living zooplankters.

Animals↗

PubMed1998

Peripherally administered tetrahydrobiopterin increases in vivo tryptophan hydroxylase activity in the striatum after transplantation of fetal ventral mesencephalon in six hydroxydopamine lesioned rats.

The intraperitoneal administration of 6R-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin (6R-BH4), a natural cofactor for tyrosine hydroxylase and tryptophan hydroxylase (TRH), dose-dependently increased the extracellular concentration of 6R-BH4 itself in rat striatum. The concentration was investigated by in vivo microdialysis and measured simultaneously with 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP), a precursor of serotonin, by high performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. The 6R-BH4 (50 mg/kg, i.p.) administration increased the accumulation of 5-HTP as an index of in vivo TRH activity under the inhibition of aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase by NSD-1015 in the striatum of both normal control and 6-hydroxydopamine lesioned rats with intrastriatal transplants of fetal ventral mesencephalon (VM). The results suggest that TRH in the striatum of both control and VM-grafted rats is activated by 6R-BH4 penetrating into the brain from the blood.

5-Hydroxytryptophan↗

PubMed1998

The primary structure and genomic organization of five novel transcripts located close to the Huntington's disease gene on human chromosome 4p16.3.

Five distinct novel transcripts (RES4-22, -23, -24, -25 and -26) that mapped to the 1-Mb interval between D4S180 and D4S183 on human chromosome 4p16.3 close to the Huntington's disease (HD) gene were isolated, and the structure and exon/intron organization of each gene were thoroughly analyzed. The transcripts of the RES4-22, -23 and -24 genes each have several isoforms by alternative splicing and these have also been defined. Two transcripts, RES4-24 and RES4-25, reside in the same genomic region with opposite polarities and they also clearly overlap. Among these transcripts, RES4-26 was found to encode a novel zinc finger protein. The transcript map based upon our current level of analysis combined with data from previous studies reveals the gene-rich nature and the intricate organization of the genes in the HD locus.

Alternative Splicing↗