Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to Y Ishida.
A case of primary myelofibrosis that showed intrahepatic periportal extramedullary hematopoiesis on CT and sonography is presented. Pathological correlation of the autopsy material was obtained. It should be included in the differential diagnosis of periportal abnormality on CT.
PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to describe the characteristic findings in each imaging modality of anomalous systemic arterial supply to normal basal segments of the left lower lobe of the lung. METHOD: Five patients with anomalous systemic arterial supply to normal basal segments of the left lower lobe were retrospectively reviewed. Chest radiography, contrast-enhanced CT scan, angiography, and other imaging modalities were analyzed. RESULTS: The imaging findings of this anomaly were characterized by three issues as follows: an anomalous systemic artery arising from the thoracic aorta, absence of pulmonary arterial supply, and normal bronchial system as well as normal pulmonary parenchyma in the affected segments. The anomalous systemic artery was demonstrated on chest radiography, contrast-enhanced CT scan, MRI, and thoracic aortography. Absence of pulmonary arterial supply was revealed by pulmonary angiography, radiolabeled perfusion scan, and CT scan. Normal bronchial system was confirmed by radiolabeled ventilation scan, bronchography, and CT scan. CONCLUSION: CT is useful in making the correct diagnosis of this anomaly because it is the only diagnostic method that can demonstrate the anomalous systemic artery, absence of pulmonary arterial supply, and normal bronchial system in the affected segments.
PURPOSE: Intensive chemoradiotherapy followed by peripheral blood stem cell transplantation has been introduced to treat children with advanced neuroblastoma (NBL). Detection of NBL cells in peripheral blood (PB) is important to prevent reinfusion of NBL cells. Several immunologic methods have been proposed for detecting NBL cells in hematologic samples. The development of a sensitive and specific combination of monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) for detecting small numbers of NBL cells in PB using flow cytometry remains an important challenge. METHODS: Twenty-one clinical samples from NBL tissues or smears containing NBL cells were examined for reactivity against CD81, CD56, and CD9 using an immunocytochemical technique. The expressions of CD81, CD56, CD9, and antihuman disialoganglioside GD2 MoAb (GD2) in five NBL cell lines were assayed by flow cytometry. For the evaluation of sensitivity, five NBL cell lines were added to normal PB and the detection level of the combination of CD81/CD56/CD45 MoAbs was compared with that of CD9/CD56/CD45 MoAbs (reported previously). One hundred thirty-three normal PB samples were examined to determine the sensitivity and specificity of this method. RESULTS: All NBL cell lines showed strong positivity with CD81 and CD56 MoAb. However, CD9 MoAb was weakly positive against the five NBL cell lines. GD2 MoAb reacted strongly with four NBL cell lines, although almost the entire cell population of the SK-N-SH NBL line failed to bind the GD2 MoAb. In vitro experiments using NBL cell lines demonstrated that tumor cells added to normal PB cells could be detected by flow cytometry using CD81/CD56/CD45 MoAbs even at a concentration of 0.005%. Through comparative studies, the combination of CD81/CD56/CD45 MoAbs was found to be more sensitive and specific than that of CD9/CD56/CD45 MoAbs for detecting small numbers of NBL cells using the above cell lines. CONCLUSIONS: Triple-color flow cytometric analysis using CD81/CD56/CD45 MoAbs is useful for detecting NBL cells in PB. Further studies testing this approach using samples of PB with NBL contamination are needed to test this approach in patients.
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Three monoclonal antibodies HU-11, HU-32, and HU-33, which recognize two distinct polymorphic determinants of human class II antigens, were found to cross-react with rat B cells carrying an RT1B region-associated specificity Ba-2.6. This is the first report demonstrating that xenoimmune antibodies raised against polymorphic determinants of human class II antigens are able to detect polymorphic determinants of class II antigens in a third party species.
The therapeutic efficacy of oral treatment with levofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, and ampicillin on an experimental pneumonia caused by the penicillin-intermediate Streptococcus pneumoniae for which the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of the quinolones are similar was assessed in immunocompetent CBA/J mice. Levofloxacin exhibited a dose-dependent therapeutic effect, and achieved complete eradication of S. pneumoniae from the lungs at 120 mg/kg/day, whereas ciprofloxacin and ampicillin were hardly effective at all. A pharmacokinetic study in infected mice revealed good oral absorption and lung tissue penetration of levofloxacin (peak lung concentration: 5.95 microg/g of lung), low oral absorption of ciprofloxacin in spite of a good penetration into lung tissue (1.10 microg/g of lung), and low lung tissue penetration of ampicillin despite rather good oral absorption (1.71 microg/g of lung). In an in vitro time-kill study that simulated the peak concentration of drugs in the lungs of infected animals, the killing activity of levofloxacin was found to be greater than that of ciprofloxacin and ampicillin. These data suggest that the therapeutic efficacy of levofloxacin in this model is attributable to both its potent bactericidal activity and excellent pharmacokinetic profile.
In the presence of potassium (K+), A23187 and substance P elicited endothelium-dependent relaxations of porcine coronary arteries. Isoproterenol or hypoxia elicited endothelium-independent relaxations. Rubbing the artery potentiated the contractile response to a low K+ concentration (15.4 mM). After intact arteries had been stored at 5 degrees C for 3 days, K(+)-induced maximal tension was not affected, but contractile responses to 15 mM K+ were potentiated with a decrease in ED50, suggesting that cold storage produces a supersensitivity to K+. Endothelium-dependent relaxations were abolished after 3 days of cold storage, while endothelium-independent relaxations were not inhibited. Cold storage of arteries with l-arginine (1 mM) for 3 days did not alter the relaxation responses to substance P and A23187, indicating that l-arginine does not prevent the loss of endothelium-dependent relaxation. Cold storage for 5 days inhibited the maximal tension to K+ and abolished the supersensitivity. Scanning electron micrographs showed that endothelial cells can be damaged by prolonged cold storage. The changes in tension response of the artery were correlated with the time course of endothelial cell loss resulting from cold storage.
We report on a 47-year-old woman who experienced an Eisenmenger reaction (mean pulmonary artery pressure: 86 mm Hg) induced by atrial septal defect. Radionuclide myocardial scans with 99mTc-MIBI and 123I-BMIPP showed increased uptake to the right ventricular myocardium, whereas the 123I-MIBG scan disclosed no uptake to the right ventricular myocardium. The scans showed no apparent abnormality in the left ventricular myocardium. These findings suggest that the right ventricular myocardium was viable but denervated due to severe pulmonary hypertension. The mechanism of right ventricular failure may be closely related to sympathetic denervation.
Mutant p53 expressed in many types of carcinoma lacks an inhibitory function on cell growth, but its role has been unclear. We performed two-parameter flow cytometry (FCM) to elucidate the relationship between the expression of p53 and the cell cycle in A431 cells. Fluorescence in situ hybridization proved that an A431 cell had two p53 genes whereas chromosome 17 was tetraploid. FCM showed that A431 cells expressed constantly high levels of p53 during the cell cycle. Under conditions of both serum deprivation and presence of hydroxyurea, p53 expression was decreased throughout the cell cycle, and the bivariate DNA/p53 distribution pattern during the cell cycle did not change. The expression of p53 was reduced to 60% for the first 4 h after the addition of cycloheximide, and showed no significant changes at least for 20 h. Treatment with Triton X-100 increased p53 immunoreactivity throughout the cell cycle. These results indicate that mutant p53 differs from proliferative markers such as PCNA, Ki-67 and DNA polymerase-alpha, and that there are no links between the expression of p53 and the cell cycle in A431 cells.
The antibacterial activity of DQ-2556, a new cephalosporin, was compared with that of cefepime, cefpirome, and other antibiotics. DQ-2556 was more active than cefepime and less active than cefpirome against gram-positive bacteria. DQ-2556 was the most active compound against most members of the Enterobacteriaceae, such as Escherichia coli, Klebsiella, Proteus, Salmonella spp., and Shigella spp., and Haemophilus influenzae and Neisseria gonorrhoeae. In vivo, treatment with DQ-2556 was as or more efficacious than that with reference compounds in both systemic and respiratory tract infections in mice. DQ-2556 achieved higher concentrations than cefepime and cefpirome in lungs and kidney of mice.
OBJECTIVE: To study the cytomorphologic features of bar-shaped chromatin in conjunctival samples and assess whether there are morphologic similarities between nuclear grooves seen in thyroid papillary carcinoma and bar-shaped chromatin. STUDY DESIGN: A total of 10 conjunctival samples from five volunteers were studied cytologically. Of the 10 samples, 2 showed barshaped chromatin. This chromatin was studied using a light microscope, scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM). RESULTS: On SEM, bar-shaped chromatin was observed as a fissure or shallow cracks. On TEM the barshaped chromatin existed both in the center of the nuclei and in the nuclear membrane and cytoplasm. It was surrounded by outer and inner membranes. CONCLUSION: It seems that bar-shaped chromatin is formed by the nuclear membrane and that these changes are essentially the same configuration as cytoplasmic invaginations commonly present in papillary carcinoma of the thyroid.
The study examined the importance of embryonic donor age for the survival of nigral grafts in 6-OHDA-lesioned marmosets. The issue as to whether donor age is critical for the survival of nigral grafts in primates is controversial, because several early reports suggested that relatively old tissue could survive transplantation and produce functional benefits in monkeys, in contrast to the restrictive time dependence observed in rodents. Embryonic marmoset donors embryos of three different ages were employed: 1) E74 (Carnegie stage 18-19); 2) E83-84 (Carnegie stage 23+); 3) E92-93 (foetal period). The nigral neurons derived from the ventral mesencephalon in the two older donor age groups did not survive well when grafted to the striatum of adult marmosets with unilateral 6-OHDA lesions. Although a few tyrosine hydroxylase (TH+) neurons could be identified by immunohistochemistry at graft sites in all recipients in older donor age groups, the numbers of surviving neurons in these were small, on average typically less than 100 TH+ cells. These small grafts were not sufficient to affect amphetamine-induced rotation. In contrast, many more TH+ cells typically survived transplantation in the recipients of graft tissue derived from the youngest donors and amphetamine-induced rotation was significantly reduced in this group alone. The time course and extent of the reduction in rotation was remarkably similar to that observed in previous marmoset nigral graft studies, confirming the utility of amphetamine-induced rotation as a sensitive and reliable indicator of nigral graft function in this species. Considering these results and other recent evidence from monkey to monkey, human to rat, and human to human graft studies, the survival of embryonic nigral tissues derived from primate donors transplanted into the striatum does appear to be critically dependent on the age of the donor tissue.
Since 1981, the Children's Cancer and Leukemia Study Group (CCLSG) has developed a series of protocols for treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in childhood. In the first randomized controlled study of the 811 protocol (1981-1983) a comparison of conventional daily 6-mercaptopurine and methotrexate with a pulsed regimen of the two drugs was performed. The superiority of the pulsed regimen was shown. In the next 841 protocol (1984-1987) a comparison of two drugs and three drugs during induction therapy was conducted. The three-drug regimen resulted in a significantly higher event-free survival (EFS) rate. In the 874 protocol (1987-1990) two regimens with or without cranial irradiation were randomly compared, and there was no significant difference between the two regimens for the standard-risk group. To further improve the EFS rate a risk group-directed protocol 911 was conducted starting in January 1991. Life-table analysis of serial CCLSG protocols revealed that the outcome of overall ALL has gradually improved with an increase of the EFS rate; 41.4% +/- 3.6% at 14 years for the 811 protocol, 51.3% +/- 3.5% at 11 years for the 841 protocol, 56.7% +/- 3.1% at 8 years for the 874 protocol, and 78.2% +/- 3.1% at 4 years for the more recent 911 protocol.
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BACKGROUND/AIMS: Thymidylate synthase (TS) is a target enzyme for 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). It is important to know the TS expression level in tumor tissue for chemotherapy. We evaluated the TS expression level using competitive polymerase chain reaction (cPCR), and estimated the reliability and reproducibility of this method. METHODOLOGY: TS expression was assessed by both Fluorodeoxyuridine-monophosphate (FdUMP) binding assay and cPCR in 9 human adenocarcinoma cell lines and 50 human adenocarcinoma tissues obtained by surgical resection. TS expression was also assessed by cPCR in nine biopsy specimens obtained before surgery. We synthesized TS and beta-actin competitors. Following cPCR, PCR products were quantified on ethidium bromide-stained gels using a digital image analyzer. TS mRNA/beta-actin mRNA ratio was used to determine relative TS expression level. RESULTS: The number of FdUMP binding sites on TS and TS mRNA/beta-actin mRNA ratio were significantly correlated in both cell lines and surgically resected specimens (p < 0.01). A linear regression line formed from the data points was obtained for TS mRNA/beta-actin mRNA ratios in surgical specimens versus TS mRNA/beta-actin mRNA ratios in biopsy specimens (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Assessment of TS expression by cPCR using our competitors was accurate and reproducible.
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