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Biomedical subjects

Y Ishida

Publications and source records attributed to Y Ishida.

At least 559 records · Page 31Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Allergic granulomatosis and angiitis (Churg-Strauss syndrome). Report of an autopsy case in a nonasthmatic patient.

A 54-year-old nonasthmatic man was found to have allergic granulomatosis and angiitis (AGA) (Churg-Strauss syndrome) with pulmonary lesions suggestive of diffuse panbronchiolitis (DPB) at autopsy. The patient, with initial symptoms of cough and sputum, developed progressive dyspnea, eosinophilia, emaciation, fever, mononeuritis multiplex and myocardial infarction. The hypereosinophilic syndrome (HES) and DPB were suspected clinically. Corticosteroid therapy was not given at any time during the course. Autopsy revealed necrotizing, granulomatous angiitis affecting medium-sized arteries in many organs, extravascular granulomas in the interstitium of the heart and tissue infiltration by eosinophils. The heart showed widespread myocardial fibrosis and small foci of muscle fiber coagulation necrosis, which seemed to be the cause of death. In the lungs, the walls of respiratory bronchioles showed marked thickening with lymphocytic infiltration, lymph follicle formation and fibrosis. Accumulation of xanthoma cells was also observed. On the basis of the findings of clinical and pathological examinations, the patient was considered to have had DPB before the development of AGA.

Autopsy↗
PubMed1988

[Clinical research on transfer of cefpiramide to the blood and large intestinal tissue in patients with cancer of the large bowel].

Cefpiramide (CPM) shows antibacterial activity against Staphylococci, Enterococci, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and anaerobic Bacteroides spp. CPM is a cephalosporin antibiotic which also exhibits antibacterial activity against Klebsiella and intestinal bacteria including Escherichia coli. Concentrations in blood of CPM which has antibacterial activity against main bacterial species detected during gastrointestinal surgeries and concentration transferred to the large intestinal tissue were measured in patients with cancer of the large intestine. Eighteen patients who were hospitalized and underwent large intestinal surgery from December, 1985 to March, 1987 were examined as subjects. CPM was administered at a dose 1 g each of 11 cases and 2 g to each of 7 cases. Concentrations in blood after administration of 1 g of CPM were in a range of 81.56-212.6 micrograms/ml between 25 minutes and 2 hours 20 minutes after administration, and concentrations in the large intestinal tissue were in a 14.17-66.95 micrograms/g range. Ratios of the tissue to the blood concentrations were 0.08-0.49, averaging 0.24 +/- 0.05. Concentrations in blood after administration of 2 g of CPM were 128.4-253.5 micrograms/ml between 1 hour 10 minutes and 3 hours 50 minutes after administration. Tissue concentrations were 48.33-116.5 micrograms/g between 1 hour 10 minutes and 5 hours 15 minutes after administration. Ratios of the tissue to the blood concentrations were 0.21-0.55, averaging 0.42 +/- 0.05 between 1 hour 10 minutes and 3 hours 5 minutes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Beneficial effect of muroctasin on experimental leukopenia induced by cyclophosphamide or irradiation in mice.

Subcutaneous injection of N2-[N-acetylmuramoyl)-L-alanyl-D-isoglutaminyl]-N6-stearoyl-L-lysine (MDP-Lys(L18), muroctasin), a synthetic muramyl dipeptide derivative, favoured recovery of mice from experimental leukopenia induced by cyclophosphamide or by irradiation with X-rays. These effects were observed only when MDP-Lys(L18) treatment occurred after cyclophosphamide injection or X-ray irradiation. Prophylactic treatment resulted in neither preventive nor restorative efficacy on leukopenia. In contrast, glutathione was hardly effective on leukopenia in both models, irrespective of treatment timing. The restorative efficacy of muroctasin was found to be dose-dependent and to be attributable at least to its augmenting effect on colony-stimulating factor production, followed by the marked proliferation and differentiation of myeloblasts towards mature granulocytes in the bone marrow. These beneficial effects of MDP-Lys(L18) warrant further evaluation of its clinical usefulness.

Acetylmuramyl-Alanyl-Isoglutamine↗
PubMed1988

[Mitral valve prolapse: two-dimensional echocardiographic screening in apparently healthy students].

To elucidate the clinical features of mitral valve prolapse in apparently healthy young population, two-dimensional echocardiography was performed in the students (18-22 years) without documented organic heart diseases. Focusing on the systolic dislocation and configuration of the anterior mitral leaflet, a following two-dimensional echocardiographic criterion for grading prolapse was used: Grade I: subjects only with slight slip of the tip of the anterior mitral leaflet (AML) toward the left atrium, Grade II: those with considerable slip of the AML but keeping a normal convex shape in the leaflet body toward the left atrium, and Grade III: those with severe slip of the AML with its ballooning toward the left atrium. Among 2016 students examined, 1507 subjects (74.8%) were judged to be normal, 343 (17.0%) to be Grade I, 141 (7.0%) to be Grade II, and 25 (1.2%) to be Grade III. Of the 25 subjects in Grade III, 20 subjects underwent further examination including a questionnaire about the subjective complaints, physical examination, electrocardiograms at rest and during exercise, Doppler echocardiography and postural tests. Concerning the subjective symptoms, eight subjects had some complaints including chest pain, shortness of breath, dizziness, palpitation, fatigability and synocope, and four of the eight had more than three complaints. Mid-systolic click and a late systolic murmur were audible in four and funnel chest was observed in one. No specific findings were found by electrocardiograms. Mild mitral and tricuspid regurgitations were observed by Doppler echocardiography in four and nine subjects, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Low serum creatinine levels in severe hepatic disease.

For five years, eight patients had abnormally low serum concentrations of creatinine. All patients presented with severe hepatic failure, which was due to fulminant hepatitis in seven patients and to advanced primary biliary cirrhosis in one patients. The serum urate (as uric acid) concentration was also low in seven patients. Endogenous creatinine clearance was increased in all patients (2.38 to 14.75 mL/s [143 to 885 mL/min]). However, inulin clearance measured in four patients was reduced (25 to 32 mL/min) and the creatinine-to-inulin clearance ratio ranged from 4.5 to 9.9. This range can be explained largely by an increased tubular secretion of creatinine related to body fluid expansion caused by a large fluid infusion. Renal function would be extremely overestimated when assessed from serum concentrations or clearance of creatinine in such patients.

Creatinine↗
PubMed1987

Verapamil enhances the non-adrenergic twitch response of rat vas deferens.

Verapamil (3 X 10(-6)-3 X 10(-5) M) enhanced the twitch contractions of the epididymal and prostatic portions of vas deferens stimulated at 0.1 Hz. This verapamil effect was essentially similar to those of diltiazem, D-600 and Bay K 8644. However, when stimulation at 2 Hz was used verapamil (3 X 10(-5) M) attenuated the contractions of the epididymal portion by half but still augmented those of the prostatic portion. Verapamil enhanced the reserpine- and prazosin-resistant component of the stimulation-induced contractions of both portions of the vas deferens. Yohimbine augmented the twitch response but attenuated the verapamil-augmented response. Verapamil did not augment norepinephrine- or tyramine-induced contractions whereas it augmented ATP-induced contractions of the prostatic portion but not of the epididymal portion. Verapamil increased the stimulation-evoked 3H-efflux from the vas deferens labelled with [3H]norepinephrine. It is suggested that verapamil augments non-adrenergic responses of both portions of the vas deferens by acting as a Ca agonist on the prejunctional site to increase the release of co-transmitter, or by acting on the postjunctional site to enhance the action of the substance released. Its effect in augmenting norepinephrine release is concluded not to contribute to the potentiating action.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

High-performance liquid chromatographic separation of biological macromolecules on new silica-based ion exchangers.

The fundamental characteristics of a new series of ion-exchange columns, specifically designed for high-speed analysis of biological macromolecules, have been examined. Each of these columns is packed with a chemically modified silica gel, that has a controlled pore-size distribution and a uniform particle diameter. Surface silanol groups of these materials are chemically modified with hydrophilic polymers to produce a neutral silica surface, and ionic functional groups are chemically bonded to this neutral support, producing a stable ion exchanger. The separation of biological macromolecules on these columns has been investigated, and the selection of a mobile phase is discussed.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid↗
PubMed1987

Flow cytometric analysis of murine splenic B lymphocyte cytosolic free calcium response to anti-IgM and anti-IgD.

The accurate measurement of ionized intracellular calcium [Ca++]i in single cells by flow cytometry with the use of a new fluorescent calcium chelator, indo-1, is described. We have developed a dependable in situ calibration technique that indicates a resting [Ca++]i in lymphocytes of 100 nM. The enhanced fluorescence of this probe permits its use at sufficiently low cytoplasmic concentrations that buffering of [Ca++]i transients does not occur. The [Ca++]i response of small resting B lymphocytes to crosslinking of surface antigen receptors by anti-immunoglobulin is heterogeneous. With maximal stimulus, the peak [Ca++]i response occurs in 10 to 20 seconds with most cells reaching levels greater than/1 microM. Mean [Ca++]i falls to between 300 and 800 nM by 100 seconds where it remains for more than 10 min. Anti-delta is a more potent stimulus of increased [Ca++]i than anti-mu in terms of both [Ca++]i level and fraction of B cells responding. Whether this is due to the greater density of surface IgD than IgM, a difference in signal transduction efficiency, or both, is not yet known. Surface immunoglobulin receptors are present in great excess. Less than 3% of surface immunoglobulin is crosslinked at the peak of the [Ca++]i response.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Postcolumn fluorometric detection system for liquid chromatographic analysis of amino and imino acids using o-phthalaldehyde/N-acetyl-L-cysteine reagent.

A high-performance liquid chromatographic system for the determination of amino acid and imino acid was developed using a two-step reaction with sodium hypochlorite and o-phthalaldehyde/N-acetyl-L-cysteine (OPTA/AcCys) reagent. This reagent improved the sensitivity in the analysis of proline presumably because the fluorophore is more stable to hypochlorite which has been used for the oxidative cleavage of the imino linkage. The use of OPTA/AcCys facilitated the detection of imino acids at the same concentration level as that of amino acids. The detection limit for all the amino and imino acids was a few picomoles. This detection system, together with cation-exchange chromatographic separation, was applied to the determination of amino and imino acids in biological samples.

Acetylcysteine↗
PubMed1987

Unique cell surface phenotypes of proliferating lymphocytes in mice homozygous for lpr and gld mutations, defined by monoclonal antibodies to MRL/Mp-lpr/lpr T cells.

In mice bearing the autosomal recessive gene of either lpr or gld, generalized T-cell proliferation and autoimmunity occurs. The surface antigen profiles of these proliferating cells were analyzed using two-color flow cytometry analysis with two newly established rat monoclonal antibodies (ALP-1, ALP-2) directed to lpr cells. The Lp-1 antigen, defined by ALP-1, is expressed exclusively on approximately one-half of proliferating lpr and gld lymph node cells. The Lp-2 antigen, like B 220, is expressed on 80-90% of lpr and gld lymph node cells, the cells in B-cell lineage and a small population of Ly-2+ T cells from normal mice. Thus, the lpr and gld lymph node cells were classified into three subsets, Lp-1+/Lp-2+, Lp-1-/Lp-2+ and Lp-1-/Lp-2-. After stimulation with Con A or a combination of IL-2 and phorbol ester, a small population of T cells from normal mice became Lp-1+. The same treatment increased Lp-2+/Ly-2+ and induced Lp-2+/L3T4+ T-cell populations. Therefore, it seems likely that these phenotypically unique T cells are generated at some stage during the proliferation and differentiation of certain normal T-cell subpopulations. The aberrant T cells in mice with lpr and gld mutations may even be normal regulatory T cells, if they are not proliferating abnormally.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Mallory bodies in a patient with type Ia glycogen storage disease.

Mallory bodies were determined by light microscopy and confirmed by electron microscopy in the liver of a 37-yr-old woman with type Ia glycogen storage disease. They were found mainly in the swollen hepatocytes of the centrilobular region in the liver associated with periportal and centrilobular pericellular fibrosis. Ultrastructurally, the shape of small circular structures found in the Mallory body was similar to that of the circularly disorganized rough endoplasmic reticulum seen around the Mallory body. Although Mallory bodies are seen in several liver diseases other than alcoholic liver injury, there has been only one report of finding them in the liver in type I glycogen storage disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Capsaicin enhances the non-adrenergic twitch response of rat vas deferens.

1 Capsaicin (Cap) enhanced the twitch response of the epididymal and prostatic portions of rat vas deferens induced by field stimulation at 0.1 Hz. The effect of Cap was reproducible and showed no desensitization. 2 Prazosin, and pretreatment with reserpine or Cap did not affect the potentiating effect of Cap, whereas pretreatment with 6-hydroxydopamine abolished the action of Cap. 3 Cap tended to attenuate the contractions induced by noradrenaline, tyramine and ATP. 4 Like Cap, substance K and substance P augmented the twitch response without causing desensitization, but their effects differed somewhat from that of Cap. Calcitonin gene-related peptide inhibited the twitch response. 5 These results suggest that Cap enhances a stimulation-induced, prazosin-resistant non-adrenergic twitch response of rat vas deferens through an as yet undefined prejunctional mechanism. This mechanism is possibly mediated by some peptide released in response to Cap from sensory neurones, which in turn acts on sympathetic nerves and increases stimulation-induced release of a mediator or cotransmitter responsible for the non-adrenergic twitch response. However, the possibility that Cap has a direct action on sympathetic nerves cannot be ruled out.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Immunohistological study of two malignant lymphomas found as testicular tumors.

Immunohistological studies of two testicular lymphomas are reported. In the first case, lymphoma cells bear T-cell markers such as Leu-4 and Leu-3a, while they do not react with antibodies against B-cell markers such as anti-Leu-14. In the second case, lymphoma cells do not react with anti-T or anti-B cell antibodies, but react with antibodies against B-4, OKT9, and C 13 (anti-HLA-DR). Thus, it is shown that the first case is a lymphoma of helper/inducer T-cell origin and the second case is a pre-B-cell or pre-pre-B-cell lymphoma.

Aged↗
PubMed1987

Hemodynamic effects of the beta 1-adrenoceptor partial agonist xamoterol in relation to plasma norepinephrine levels during exercise in patients with left ventricular dysfunction.

A new cardioselective beta 1-adrenoceptor partial agonist, xamoterol, has been developed for the treatment of heart failure, especially that associated with ischemic heart disease. To investigate the hemodynamic effect of xamoterol in relation to sympathetic nervous activity, hemodynamic variables and plasma norepinephrine (NE) levels were measured at rest and during three graded bicycle exercise tests before and after a single intravenous dose of 0.15 mg/kg xamoterol in 10 patients with mild-to-moderate left ventricular dysfunction. Plasma NE increased with increasing grade of exercise and a linear correlation between plasma NE and heart rate was observed at four time points (at rest and three exercise levels) before and after xamoterol. After administration of xamoterol, the slope of the regression line of plasma NE-heart rate relation was significantly less steep than that before drug. Predose and postdose regression lines crossed at 440 pg/ml of plasma NE. Similar effects were observed on the plasma NE-cardiac index and plasma NE-systolic blood pressure relations (regression lines crossed at 380 and 530 pg/ml of plasma NE, respectively). Thus, xamoterol had a dual agonist-antagonist effect in relation to plasma NE, and the crossover point lay approximately between 400 pg/ml and 500 pg/ml. This level of plasma NE was achieved at a low exercise level and at a heart rate of about 100 beats/min. These results indicate that xamoterol has intrinsic sympathomimetic activity comparable to relatively low sympathetic activity (400 to 500 pg/ml of plasma NE) and therefore acts as a beta 1-agonist when sympathetic nervous activity is below this level and as an antagonist when sympathetic activity is above this level.

Adrenergic beta-Antagonists↗
PubMed1987

Effect of angiotensin blockade and converting enzyme inhibition on renovascular hypertension: comparison between unilateral and bilateral renal artery stenosis.

The response to angiotensin II analog infusion during sodium deletion and the effects of a one-month captopril treatment were compared between 15 renovascular hypertensive patients with unilateral and 6 with bilateral renal artery stenosis. Plasma renin activity, its response to sodium depletion, and the renal vein renin ratio during sodium depletion were greater in unilateral than in bilateral stenosis. A fall in diastolic blood pressure induced by analog infusion during sodium depletion was correlated with the preinfusion plasma renin activity and with the renal vein renin ratio. Treatment with captopril showed a comparable hypotensive effect in unilateral and bilateral stenosis. The reduction in blood pressure was not correlated with the pretreatment renin levels or changes in blood pressure observed during analog infusion. Plasma renin activity rose and plasma aldosterone level fell in all patients. These results indicate that the mechanism maintaining high blood pressure is more renin dependent in unilateral than in bilateral stenosis and that the long-term effect of captopril does not depend solely on the suppression of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system.

Adult↗