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Biomedical subjects

Y Ishida

Publications and source records attributed to Y Ishida.

At least 307 records · Page 17Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

[Usefulness of 123I-BMIPP scanning for distinction of ischemic from nonischemic dilated cardiomyopathy].

To determine if imaging of blood flow (using 201Tl) and fatty acid (using 123-I-BMIPP) with SPECT can distinguish cardiomyopathy of coronary artery disease from nonischemic dilated cardiomyopathy, 24 patients with severe left ventricular dysfunction were evaluated. The origin of left ventricular dysfunction had been previously determined by coronary angiography to be ischemic (9 patients) or nonischemic (15 patients). Images were visually analyzed by three observers on a graded scale (score 0; normal, 1; mild uptake reduction, 2; severe uptake reduction, and 3; defect) in 20 left ventricular segments revealed higher defect score in ICM compared with NCM for 123I-BMIPP (35.5 +/- 14.4 versus 14.1 +/- 9.3, p <0.0005) and 201Tl (27.6 +/- 14.6 versus 12.1 +/- 7.4, p <0.005). The defect score/segment ratio also revealed higher value in ICM compared with NCM for 123I-BMIPP (2.25 +/- 0.52 versus 1.36 +/- 0.36, p <0.0001) and 201Tl (1.92 +/- 0.51 versus 1.24 +/- 0.42, p <0.005). Myocardium of ICM is more severely damaged than that of NCM. Thus, noninvasive SPECT imaging with 123I-BMIPP is helpful in distinguishing patients with severe left ventricular dysfunction secondary to coronary artery disease from those with nonischemic cardiomyopathy.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

[Significance of 123I-metaiodobenzylguanidine SPECT for detecting left ventricular involvement in patients with arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia].

The right ventricle being primarily involved in ARVD, recent reports indicate the presence of histological and functional abnormalities in the left ventricle for some patients with ARVD. The aim of this study was to evaluate the significance of myocardial sympathetic dysfunction as an early sign of left ventricular (LV) involvement by 123I-MIBG (MIBG) SPECT and to compare the findings with those of 201TlCl (Tl) SPECT, radionuclide left ventriculography, ultrafast computed tomography (UFCT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and echo-cardiography in 10 patients (pts) with ARVD. MIBG defects in LV regions were detected in 9 pts. Seven of the 9 pts showed MIBG defects in LV regions adjacent to RV. The subjects were divided into 2 groups based on left ventriculography, 5 with normal LVEF (> 55%) and 5 with reduced LVEF. In the normal LVEF group, 4 pts showed MIBG defects and 2 pts showed TI defects, and MIBG defects were larger than TI defects (ES: 14 +/- 6 vs. 5 +/- 7, p <0.05). In reduced LVEF group, all of 5 pts showed MIBG and TI defects, and MIBG defects were larger than TI defects (ES: 42 +/- 12 vs. 25 +/- 3, p <0.05). In comparison with normal LVEF group, reduced LVEF group showed larger and more severe MIBG defects (ES: 42 +/- 12 vs. 14 +/- 6, p <0.01, SS: 44 +/- 31 vs. 8 +/- 7, p <0.05). UFCT and MRI showed abnormal findings indicating LV fatty infiltration in only 3 of reduced LVEF group. Thus, MIBG showed abnormal distributions in the left ventricle with the highest frequency in all these modalities. These results suggest that MIBG SPECT provides a sensitive marker for detecting LV involvement in ARVD. Also, the extent of MIBG distribution abnormalities is helpful in assessing the severity of left ventricular involvement in patients with ARVD.

3-Iodobenzylguanidine↗
PubMed1996

Cerebral hypoperfusion in orthostatic hypotension with globally denervated myocardium.

A 57-yr-old woman had frequent syncope when rising from a seated position. Her blood pressure fell from 140/80 mmHg to 60-70/40 mmHg while changing positions. Iodine-123-metaiodobenzylguanidine ([123I]MIBG) did not accumulate in the heart, whereas 201Tl-Cl (201Tl) did. Raise-up 99mTc-hexamethyl-propyleneamine oxime (99mTc-HMPAO) brain SPECT revealed decreased activity in the bilateral frontal areas, and subsequent supine 99mTc-HMPAO brain SPECT revealed filling in these areas, indicating that the cerebral blood flow (CBF) was transiently decreased in the frontal areas more than others in a standing position. The plasma norepinephrine (NE) level of this patient was normal during supine rest, but when she stood up, failure to increase the plasma level of NE uncovered a sympathetic nervous dysfunction. The CBF abnormality in patients with orthostatic hypotension may be due to a "functional" hemodynamic mechanism that induces orthostatic stress. This patient had transient hypoperfusion in the frontal areas when standing, without organic cerebral arterial stenosis. Only CBF in the frontal areas revealed relative hypoperfusion. These regions might be highly susceptible to a change in blood flow. The causes of orthostatic hypotension of this patient were autonomic failure with a disturbance of the sympathetic nerve endings, which was revealed by 99mTc-HMPAO brain SPECT and cardiac [123l]MIBG imaging.

3-Iodobenzylguanidine↗
PubMed1996

[Pharmacokinetic and clinical evaluation of azithromycin in pediatric infections].

Azithromycin (AZM) was studied for its concentrations in plasma and urine, efficacy and safety. 1. Plasma and urine samples were collected from one patient diagnosed as having Mycoplasma pneumonia for drug level determination. The drug was given once daily at 9.7 mg/kg body weight for three days. The drug concentrations in plasma was 0.149 microgram/ml in 12 hours after the start of the treatment, and 0.095 microgram/ml at the point of 24 hours after the end of the treatment. Urinary recovery rate up to 72 hours post-dosing was 6.39%. 2. The effectiveness of AZM was assessed in 19 patients with following diagnoses: pharyngitis in two patients, bronchitis in four, pneumonia in seven and Mycoplasma pneumonia in six. The drug was rated "excellent" in 11, "good" in seven, "poor" in one, resulting in an efficacy rate of 94.7%. 3. AZM eradicated two strains of Streptococcus pyogenes and Streptococcus pneumoniae identified in patients. 4. The AZM MIC's were 0.39 microgram/ml against Staphylococcus aureus, 0.20 microgram/ml against S. pneumoniae, < or = 0.0008 microgram/ml against Mycoplasma pneumoniae. 5. One patient complained of mild diarrhea, while another showed a slight increase in eosinophils, suggesting an abnormal laboratory change. In conclusion, AZM was found useful in treatment of pediatric infections.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

[A case of Sparganosis mansoni with a painless mass in the inguinal region and the scrotum].

Sparganosis mansoni rarely occurs in the inguinal and perineal regions in Japan. A case of Sparganosis mansoni with a painless mass in the left inguinal region is presented. A 67-year-old male visited our hospital with a complaint of a painless mass in the left inguinal region in May, 1995, and another mass appeared in the scrotum two days after the first visit. Ultrasonography revealed a solid subcutaneous mass 2 cm in diameter. These masses were surgically excised by an inguinal approach and a parasite, 10 cm in length, was found in the mass. The parasite was diagnosed histologically as Sparganosis mansoni, which is a larva of the genus Diphyllobothrium.

Aged↗
PubMed1995

Isolation of a novel mouse gene MA-3 that is induced upon programmed cell death.

Typical programmed cell death requires de novo macromolecular synthesis and shares common morphological changes referred to as apoptosis. To elucidate the molecular mechanism of apoptosis, we isolated cDNA clones that are induced in various types of apoptosis by the differential display method. Among such clones, the MA-3 mRNA was induced in all apoptosis-inducible cell lines tested so far, including thymocytes, T cells, B cells and pheochromocytoma. The nucleotide sequence of the MA-3 cDNA predicted an amino acid (aa) sequence of 469 aa, which did not reveal significant similarity to any known proteins and functional aa motifs in databases. The MA-3 mRNA was strongly expressed in the thymus although small amounts of the MA-3 mRNA were ubiquitously expressed in mouse adult tissues. The MA-3 gene was highly conserved during evolution and cross-hybridization bands were found not only in vertebrates but also in Drosophila melanogaster.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1995

Successful resection of a large hepatoblastoma in a young adult: report of a case.

Hepatoblastoma (HB) rarely occurs in adults, and very few cases of successful resection have been documented. We report herein the unusual case of a 22-year-old, otherwise healthy woman with no history of liver disease who presented with upper abdominal pain and hepatomegaly. Tests for hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) were negative, but the AFP was mildly elevated at 77 ng/ml, the normal being < 20. There was no evidence of liver cirrhosis on either the laboratory or histologic examinations. A well-demarcated solid mass of 14 cm in diameter, which was lobulated and partly necrotic, was detected in the liver by computed tomography (CT). The lesion was echogenic on ultrasound, slightly hypodense on CT, and mildly hypervascular on arteriogram. The entire tumor was resected by extensive hepatectomy preserving only the lateral segment and part of the posterior segment of the liver. Histologically, the neoplasm was diagnosed as a pure epithelial HB of the fetal type. Following the operation, the patient has been well and free of recurrence for 38 months, maintaining low alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) levels at around 5 ng/ml. To our knowledge, this is the longest reported survival of an adult following surgical resection of an epithelial HB.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Diabetes mellitus carrying a mutation in the mitochondrial tRNA(Leu(UUR)) gene.

We screened 214 Japanese NIDDM (non-insulin-dependent) diabetic patients with a family history of diabetes for mutations in the mitochondrial tRNA(Leu(UUR)) gene using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism and direct sequencing. Six patients were identified as having an A to G transition at position 3243 (3243 mutation), but no patients were detected with a T to C transition at position 3271, in the mitochondrial tRNA(Leu(UUR)) gene. These two mutations were not present in 85 healthy control subjects. It was disclosed that the patients' mothers were also affected by diabetes mellitus in five of the six cases. In these six affected patients, the 3243 mutation shows variable phenotypes, such as the degree of multiple organ involvement, intrafamilial and interfamilial differences in disease characteristics, and the degree of the involvement of MELAS (mitochondrial myopathy, encephalopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episodes) phenotype. Endocrinological examinations revealed that those diabetic patients with the 3243 mutation show not only beta-cell dysfunction, but also a defect in alpha-cell function, which is considered characteristic of diabetes with the 3243 mutation. When compared with 50 selected diabetic control subjects without the 3243 mutation, whose mothers, but not fathers, were found to have diabetes, it was established statistically that those with the 3243 mutation possess the following clinical characteristics; 1) the age of diabetes onset is lower, 2) they have lean body constitutions, and 3) they are more likely to be treated with insulin than control subjects. We suggest that diabetes with the 3243 mutation possesses phenotypes distinct from those in common forms of diabetes.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Genotyping of isolates of Taylorella equigenitalis from thoroughbred brood mares in Japan.

Profiles of the genomic DNA of 104 strains of T. equigenitalis isolated from brood mares with contagious equine metritis in Hokkaido during the breeding seasons from 1980 to 1993, as well as those of five strains (SS28, EQ56, EQ59, EQ70 and HH139) previously isolated in Japan were examined after restriction digestion and crossed-field gel electrophoresis. These profiles were essentially identical to each other and the various isolates and strains appeared to have a common genotype, designated 'genotype J', with respect to two restriction enzymes, ApaI and NotI. These results suggest a common source for all these isolates obtained over the course of more than 10 years in Japan.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Monitoring of venous blood flow velocity during interhemispheric approach for deep seated lesions.

No precise intra-operative monitoring of venous blood flow has yet been developed for neurosurgical procedures. Preservation of the bridging veins is an important issue in order to minimize complications due to disturbances of venous blood flow during an interhemispheric approach. In the present study, venous blood flow velocity was measured in 11 anterior circulation aneurysms. The measurement was performed before brain retraction, during brain retraction and after completion of the procedure without brain retraction. In 6 cases, a bridging vein was dissected completely free from the dura up to its entry into the superior sagittal sinus (SSS group). In 5 cases, dura was cut parallel to the bridging vein so that the vein remained covered by the dura (dura group). Venous blood flow velocity was measured by microvascular Doppler sonography. The results show that venous blood flow can be better preserved during the retraction when the bridging vein remains covered with the dura than if the vein is dissected completely free from the dura.

Aged↗
PubMed1995

Long-term efficacy and tolerability of pravastatin in hypercholesterolemia in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Hyogo Pravastatin Study Group.

This study reports the result of a 12-month, open-label multicenter study of the efficacy and tolerability of pravastatin in the management of hypercholesterolemia associated with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Pravastatin produced a decrease, in 138 diabetic and 51 non-diabetic patients, in total serum cholesterol by 19 and 20%, in low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol by 25 and 29%, in apolipoprotein B by 15 and 19% and in triglycerides by 8 and 5%, respectively. High-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were increased by 9% in both groups. All of these changes were significant (P < 0.001) except for triglycerides changes in non-diabetic patients, where the change was not significant and no significant differences were observed between the two groups. These favorable effects on LDL cholesterol and apolipoprotein B were not influenced by gender, the type of diabetic therapy, baseline hemoglobin A1c levels and by the presence of hypertension or gross proteinuria, although a decrease in the two variables were less in those with body mass index > or = 26.4 kg/m2 or in those with age < 60 years. Adverse experiences were similar between treatment groups and the drug was well tolerated. Only one diabetic patient was withdrawn from the study because of pruritus. Pravastatin produced no change in fasting plasma glucose concentrations and hemoglobin A1c levels in diabetic patients throughout the study. Pravastatin was generally effective in improving the serum lipids of hypercholesterolemic diabetic patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Effect of bunazosin, alpha 1-adrenoceptor blocker, on multidirectional contractile response and localization of bunazosin binding sites in human hypertrophied prostate.

1. Effects of bunazosin, an alpha 1-adrenoceptor blocker, on the contraction induced by norepinephrine in human hypertrophied prostate were examined in vitro. 2. Prostatic specimens showed maximum contraction at 10(-4) M norepinephrine in longitudinal and circumferential directions to the urethra. 3. Bunazosin (10(-7) M) blocked norepinephrine-induced contraction with a parallel shift of the dose-response curve in both directions (pA2: 8.76 +/- 0.15; pA2: 8.90 +/- 0.08, respectively). 4. Serial sections of prostates were also evaluated by autoradiography. The binding sites were diffusely distributed in the interstitium. 5. We concluded that bunazosin affects multidirectional contraction in prostates.

Adrenergic alpha-1 Receptor Antagonists↗
PubMed1995

Nucleolar organizer regions in hepatocellular carcinoma related to the cell cycle, cell proliferation and histologic grade.

In order to clarify factors which relate to AgNOR in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), AgNOR numbers and the expression of Ki-67 using MIB-1 antibody have been studied in paraffin-embedded specimens of 20 HCCs by means of a double staining method. We found that in individual cases the AgNOR number of MIB-1-positive cells was significantly higher than that of MIB-1-negative cells (p < 0.001). In addition, a significant correlation was seen between MIB-1 labelling index and the total mean AgNOR number (t-AgNOR) (r = 0.882, p < 0.001). The value of t-AgNORs was significantly higher in histologically less differentiated HCC (p < 0.005). The mean AgNOR number of MIB-1-negative cells (n-AgNOR) was also significantly higher in histologically less differentiated HCC (p < 0.04). By contrast, the mean AgNOR number of MIB-1-positive cells (p-AgNOR) did not significantly correlate with histologic grades (p = 0.265). However, the number of t-AgNORs was not significantly different between diploid and aneuploid tumours. In HCCs, it appears that AgNOR numbers were variably influenced by proliferative activities of tumour cells, phases of cell cycle and cell differentiation.

Antigens, Neoplasm↗
PubMed1995

I-123 iodoamphetamine lung scanning in patients with ventilation-perfusion mismatching.

I-123 IMP is a nonparticulate agent and becomes trapped by endothelial membranes in the pulmonary capillaries. Using I-123 IMP, the authors studied six patients with ventilation-perfusion mismatch. Three of six patients had pulmonary thromboembolism, and three had pulmonary hypertension. In comparison with conventional perfusion lung scanning using Tc-99m MAA, defect sizes visualized by I-123 IMP were smaller in all patients. I-123 iodoamphetamine is a useful agent for assessing the perfusion of pulmonary arterial microvasculature which Tc-99m MAA fails to penetrate.

Amphetamines↗
PubMed1995

Usefulness of dipyridamole-thallium imaging in 257 patients with atherosclerotic vascular disease.

We evaluated the usefulness of dipyridamole-thallium imaging for the detection of ischaemic heart disease in 257 patients with atherosclerotic vascular disease (80 patients with arteriosclerosis obliterans, 81 patients with aneurysm of the abdominal aorta, 60 patients with aneurysm of the thoracic aorta and 36 patients with dissecting aortic aneurysm). Clinical evidence of ischaemic heart disease was found in 69 of 257 (27%) patients, including 32 patients with arteriosclerosis obliterans, 23 with aneurysm of the abdominal aorta, 9 with aneurysm of the thoracic aorta and 5 with dissecting aortic aneurysm. Dipyridamole-thallium imaging identified myocardial ischaemia in 49 of 69 (71%) patients with clinical evidence of ischaemic heart disease. Dipyridamole-thallium imaging showed positive results in 67 of 81 (83%) patients with aneurysm of the abdominal aorta. In patients with no clinical evidence of ischaemic heart disease, the results of dipyridamole-thallium imaging were positive in 39 of 188 (21%) patients. Dipyridamole-thallium imaging was positive in 90 of the 257 (35%) patients as a whole. When we combined the patients with positive dipyridamole-thallium imaging with those with negative dipyridamole-thallium imaging but who had clinical evidence of ischaemic heart disease, 42% of all patients had evidence of ischaemic heart disease. Our findings suggest that atherosclerotic vascular disease is strongly associated with ischaemic heart disease and that dipyridamole-thallium imaging is useful for the detection of ischaemic heart disease.

Aged↗
PubMed1995

Scintigraphic assessment of silent myocardial ischaemia after early infarction using myocardial SPET imaging with 201Tl and 123I-MIBG.

To test the hypothesis that myocardial sympathetic denervation reflects silent myocardial ischaemia early after infarction, 12 patients with myocardial infarction but without post-infarction angina pectoris underwent single photon emission tomography (SPET) at rest with 201Tl and 123I-metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) shortly after and 3 months after infarction. Short-axis SPET images at the basal, mid-ventricular and apical portions of the left ventricle were selected, and each short-axis image was divided into eight segments. Tracer uptake in each of the 24 segments was scored using a 4-point scale. The total score in each segment was calculated as the defect score for each image, and the difference between the total defect score for the 201Tl and 123I-MIBG images was calculated as the delta defect score. All 12 patients underwent exercise stress 201Tl scintigraphy 1 month after infarction, and they were divided into two groups: those patients with (Group A, n = 7) and those patients without (Group B, n = 5) transient perfusion defects in the peri-infarcted region without chest pain. For the 123I-MIBG defect score, a marked reduction at 3 months was observed in Group A (24 +/- 12 vs 13 +/- 6; P < 0.01), whereas the defect score remained unchanged in Group B (25 +/- 7 vs 23 +/- 8; N.S.). The delta defect score was significantly reduced in Group A (10 +/- 5 vs 6 +/- 4; P < 0.05), whereas it remained unchanged in Group B. The 123I-MIBG defect score early after infarction was higher than the exercise-induced 201Tl defect score (24 +/- 12 vs 20 +/- 9; P < 0.01), whereas at 3 months post-infarction it was lower than the exercise-induced 201Tl defect score (13 +/- 6 vs 20 +/- 9; P < 0.05). Moreover, effort chest pain during daily activities was noted in 5 of the 7 (71%) patients in Group A within 3 months post-infarction. The results of this study suggest that viable but denervated myocardium (mismatched 123I-MIBG defects) is present in peri-infarcted regions, and that myocardial sensory nervous disturbance, which may co-exist with sympathetic nervous denervation, may induce silent myocardial ischaemia in patients with myocardial infarction.

3-Iodobenzylguanidine↗
PubMed1995

Disappearance of neutrophil fluctuations in a child with cyclic neutropenia by combination therapy of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor and high-dose immunoglobulin.

We report on a patient with cyclic neutropenia who was treated by granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) and high-dose immunoglobulin. The serial examination revealed cyclic fluctuations in the numbers of neutrophils, monocytes, platelets in peripheral blood, and in the serum G-CSF concentration. Bone marrow examination confirmed a cyclic fluctuation of both progenitor cells (CFU-GM) and CD10-positive B cells. The therapy of G-CSF followed by high-dose immunoglobulin achieved a disappearance of neutrophil oscillations. It suggested that the combination therapy of G-CSF with high-dose immunoglobulin might be effective for cyclic neutropenia.

B-Lymphocyte Subsets↗