Biomedical subjects

Y Inuyama

Publications and source records attributed to Y Inuyama.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources

PubMed1993

Latent herpes simplex virus type 1 in human vestibular ganglia.

Viral infection has been considered to be a possible pathogenesis of vestibular neuronitis, and reactivation of the herpes simplex virus (HSV) is one of the most likely causes. However, it remains unknown whether the human vestibular ganglia contain latent HSV. We examined 26 vestibular ganglia from autopsied adults in search of HSV type 1 (HSV-1). To detect HSV-1, we used polymerase chain reaction (PCR), in situ hybridization and immunohistochemical staining. HSV DNA was detected in 6 of 10 vestibular ganglia using the PCR method. However, the latency-associated transcript (LAT) of HSV-1 was negative in all of the 16 vestibular ganglia examined. No HSV antigen was detected in any of the ganglia. These results indicate that HSV-1 is latently infected in the human vestibular ganglia, and that LAT is transcribed weakly or not at all.

Adult↗

PubMed1993

[Birch pollen nasal allergy in Sapporo and its cross reactivity with alder pollen].

We reported here 53 cases of birch pollen nasal allergy treated in our department from 1990 to 1991. The 53 patients constituted 16% of 335 total nasal allergy patients. In recent years, the number of birch pollen nasal allergy patients has apparently been gradually increasing in Sapporo. Skin tests, radioallergosorbent test (RAST) determinations and nasal provocation tests were performed for the diagnosis of birch pollen nasal allergy, and high degrees of correlation were observed among these tests. Therefore, it seems to be reasonable to determine the birch pollen allergy with only a positive case history of early springtime hay fever and RAST determination. A high correlation coefficient (Rho) value was found with RAST determinations between birch pollen and alder pollen. Furthermore, RAST of alder pollen was significantly inhibited by birch pollen extracts. These results indicate cross reactivity, presumably due to partial immunologic identity between these two pollen allergens.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1993

[Esophageal speech and TE shunt speech--a comparison using the same subjects].

The behaviors of esophageal speech and tracheoesophageal shunt (TE shunt) speech were compared using two laryngectomized subjects who were able to perform both phonation methods. Through X-ray fluorography and fiberscopic observation of the PE segment, it was confirmed that the location and the shape of the vibrating PE segment (pseudoglottis) were consistent during esophageal speech and TE shunt speech in each patient. It was suggested that the mechanism of formation of the pseudoglottis does not differ between the two phonation methods. The aerodynamics were examined using one of the two subjects. There was a positive relationship between subpseudoglottic pressure and vocal pitch and also between subpseudoglottic pressure and pseudoglottic resistance. The vocal pitch and pseudoglottic resistance were significantly higher in esophageal speech than TE shunt speech, when compared within the same subpseudoglottic pressure range. It was suggested that the tension and the effective mass of the pseudoglottis was modulated differently between the two phonation methods.

Aged↗

PubMed1993

[Clinical significance of anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA) for the diagnosis of Wegener's granulomatosis in the early stage].

In recent years, the prognosis of Wegener's granulomatosis (WG) has been dramatically improved by treatment with cyclophosphamide and glucocorticoids, if the diagnosis is made correctly in the early stage of the disease. However, it is often difficult to diagnose of WG relying only on clinical symptoms and histological confirmation with biopsy specimens. Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA) has already been reported to have high sensitivity and specificity for WG. Since February, 1991, we examined this antibody level in the sera of patients suspected of having WG using an indirect immunofluorescence technique, and have experienced nine WG patients who were ANCA positive. Six of the 9 patients showed limited forms of WG before active generalized symptoms developed, and only 3 were diagnosed as having WG with pathologic findings from their biopsy samples. These results show that correct diagnosis of WG is possible with the aid of ANCA determination, even if the patient has a limited form of the disease and even without evidence of characteristic pathologic features of WG on biopsy specimens. Therefore, it is apparent that ANCA determination is a valuable tool for diagnosing WG as early as possible. In Japan, the ANCA test is not as yet a common laboratory examination and has only rarely been used as seromarker for the diagnosis and treatment of WG. We believe that ANCA determination is essential for the diagnosis of WG, especially in its early stage, which leads to a better prognosis for WG patients.

Adult↗

PubMed1993

[Evoked oto-acoustic emissions in patients with secretory otitis media].

In many studies, Evoked Otoacoustic Emissions (EOAEs) have been routinely documented in subjects with normal middle ear function showing tympanogram (TG) A type. However, middle ear dysfunction may influence the measurements of EOAEs. We investigated the EOAEs in ears with secretory otitis media (SOM) in order to understand the effects of middle ear dysfunction on EOAE measurements. We present data from 73 SOM ears of 38 subjects aged 3 to 58 (mean = 9.4 years) and data from 61 ears of 54 subjects with sensorineural hearing loss as a control. Generally, the EOAE thresholds of ears with mild sensorineural hearing loss have a good correlation with the audiometric hearing threshold level. On the other hand, the EOAE thresholds of ears with SOM were on the average higher than those expected from the audiometric hearing threshold level. In this paper, we classified TG B type further into TG B1 type and TG B2 type according to our criteria. Though neither TG B1 type nor TG B2 type revealed peaks in the tympanogram (-300mmH2O < or = < or = 200mmH2O), the 2 groups differ in that TG B1 type seems to have its peak at pressures under -300mmH2O on tympanography while TG B2 type seems to have no peaks in that pressure range. As a consequence of this classification, most of the EOAE thresholds of SOM ears showing TG B2 type were scaled out (> or = 40 or 50 dB nHL).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Acoustic Stimulation↗

PubMed1993

[A three-dimensional reconstruction of the temporal bone by the helical scanning CT and its clinical application].

The current availability of 3 dimensional (3-D) imaging from Computed Tomography (CT) has yielded new anatomical information and pre-and postoperative evaluations. However, little discussion as to the 3-D structural image of the temporal bone has been reported because conventional CT does provide sufficient data to produce such images. The Helical scanning CT gathers continuous and multiple slice image data since it consists of an X-ray tube that continuously rotates around the patient while the patient moves continuously into the CT scanner. Thus, application of the Helical scanning CT has made it possible to reconstruct 3-D images of the minute and complicated structure of the temporal bone. We evaluated 3-D images from 9 typical cases, examined from February to October 1992. As a result, we found that the 3-D images reconstructed with this system are useful for evaluation of the postoperative state of tympanoplasty, the diagnosis of anomalies of the bony labyrinth, and examining the extent of bone destruction induced by trauma, cholesteatoma, etc.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1993

[Changes in human spontaneous otoacoustic emissions with contralateral acoustic stimulation].

According to current cochlear concepts, spontaneous otoacoustic emissions (SOAEs) are thought to be the product of outer hair cell (OHCs) movement. Furthermore, efferent neurofibers from the olivocochlear bundle primarily innervate OHCs. Thus, we designed this investigation to determine changes in SOAE under conditions of contralateral acoustic stimulation. Fouty-two normal ears of 34 subjects with uni- or bilateral SOAEs were examined. The sound pressure level (SPL) of SOAE was measured 3 times in each subject and was initially averaged. The white noises of 30 or 40dBSPL, believed not to affect the other side, were then loaded contralaterally and the SPL of SOAEs were measured and compared with the non-loaded data. The SPL of single SOAEs were actually suppressed with 40dBSPL stimulation while the SPL of multiple SOAEs showed typical changes. Interestingly, no significant suppression of SOAEs was noticed under conditions of contralateral acoustic stimulation of the impaired ear. These data suggest that contralateral acoustic stimulation could affect OHC function via the olivocochlear bundle.

Acoustic Stimulation↗

PubMed1992

Detection of human papillomavirus DNA in carcinomas of the nasal cavities and paranasal sinuses by polymerase chain reaction.

The authors retrospectively searched for human papillomavirus (HPV) types 16 and 18 in 60 cases of carcinoma arising from the nasal cavities (NC) and paranasal sinuses (PS) by using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) on DNA extracted from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues. In cases of SCC (n = 49), the authors also compared the clinical features of patients with HPV-positive and HPV-negative results to determine the clinical significance of HPV. HPV 16 and 18 were detected in 7 of the 49 cases (14%) of SCC. In the other histologic types of carcinoma (n = 11), neither HPV 16 nor HPV 18 was detected. No significant differences in the clinical features were observed between patients with SCC with HPV-positive and HPV-negative results. The results suggest that HPV 16 and 18 are implicated in the pathogenesis of SCC arising from the NC and PS. However, the presence of HPV is not related to local progression, occurrence of metastases, or the prognosis of the patients.

Adult↗

PubMed1992

Clinical significance of the epidermal growth factor receptor gene in squamous cell carcinomas of the nasal cavities and paranasal sinuses.

The authors retrospectively analyzed epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene amplification in 49 cases of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) arising from the nasal cavities (NC) and paranasal sinuses (PS) by using slot-blot analysis of DNA extracted from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues. Also, the relationship between the results of gene analysis and the clinical features of the patients was studied to investigate the clinical significance of the EGFR in SCC of the NC and PS. Amplification of the EGFR gene was detected in 5 of the 49 cases (10%). No significant difference was observed between EGFR gene amplification and the presence of lymph node metastases, local recurrence, or prognosis. This suggests that EGFR gene amplification is not related to the local progression or metastasis of the SCC in the NC and PS. In addition, it appears that amplification of the EGFR gene is not a prognostic indicator for SCC in the NC and PS.

Adult↗

PubMed1992

Latent herpes simplex virus type 1 in human geniculate ganglia.

Viral infection, especially by reactivation of herpes simplex virus (HSV) has been considered to be a possible explanation for the pathogenesis of idiopathic peripheral facial nerve palsy (Bell's palsy). We investigated whether the geniculate ganglia of man contain latent HSV type 1 (HSV-1), and compared the frequency of HSV-infected ganglia and that of latently infected neurons in human geniculate ganglia and in trigeminal ganglia. From autopsy specimens of eight adults 15 geniculate ganglia and 16 trigeminal ganglia were examined by means of in situ hybridization and immunohistochemical staining. The HSV-1 genome was detected in 11 of the 15 (71%) geniculate ganglia and in 13 of the 16 (81%) trigeminal ganglia. No HSV antigen was noted in any of the ganglia. The incidence of latently infected neurons was 0.9% in the trigeminal ganglia and 5.3% in the geniculate ganglia. The difference in percentages between the two types of ganglia was significant. Our results suggest that reactivation of latent HSV in the geniculate ganglia is a probable cause of some cases of herpetic stomatitis and of idiopathic peripheral facial nerve palsy.

DNA Probes↗

PubMed1992

Detection of varicella-zoster virus DNA in human geniculate ganglia by polymerase chain reaction.

Latent varicella-zoster virus (VZV) has been demonstrated in the human trigeminal and thoracic ganglia by means of nucleic acid hybridization. However, the human geniculate ganglia in VZV latency have not been examined. Tissue DNA extracted from the trigeminal and geniculate ganglia of a newborn and 7 adults was examined by polymerase chain reaction with a pair of VZV-specific primers. None had symptoms of recent infection with VZV (chickenpox or shingles). VZV DNA was detected in 11 (79%) of 14 trigeminal ganglia and in 9 (69%) of 13 geniculate ganglia of the adults. VZV DNA was not detected in either type of ganglion from the newborn or from 1 adult who was seronegative for VZV antibodies. These findings indicate that VZV becomes latent in human geniculate ganglia after primary infection and suggest the possibility that reactivation of the virus from the geniculate ganglia may cause Ramsay Hunt syndrome.

Adult↗

PubMed1992

Spiral modiolar vein: its importance in viral load of the inner ear.

Guinea pig-specific cytomegalovirus and Sendai virus were inoculated into the cochleas of seronegative guinea pigs to study the route of entry of cells participating in inner ear inflammation. Inflammatory cells accumulated around the spiral modiolar vein and appeared to be streaming from this vein into the scala tympani via a collecting venule. Inactivated virus inoculated into the cochlea and normal control cochlea failed to show inflammatory cell infiltrates. The spiral modiolar vein appears to play an important role in the movement of cells from the systemic circulation into the inner ear as part of the host's normal defense against invading pathogens such as viruses.

Animals↗

PubMed1992

Detection of latent herpes simplex virus DNA and RNA in human geniculate ganglia by the polymerase chain reaction.

By using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) we detected latent herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) in human geniculate and trigeminal ganglia obtained from autopsy cases. A pair of primers which were specific for a part of the HSV-1 thymidine kinase domain were used for detection of HSV DNA. We also examined the latency-associated transcript (LAT), known as latency-specific RNA, by means of reverse transcription-PCR with a pair of LAT-specific primers. HSV-1 DNA was detected in 16 of 17 (94%) trigeminal ganglia and in 15 to 17 (88%) geniculate ganglia of adults. We also demonstrated HSV-1 RNA derived from the LAT in both types of ganglia. These findings suggest that HSV-1 latently infects the majority of geniculate and trigeminal ganglia of adults, and that PCR and reverse transcription-PCR are useful tools for analysis of HSV latency.

Adult↗

PubMed1992

[A comparison of time resolution among auditory, tactile and promontory electrical stimulation--superiority of cochlear implants as human communication aids].

Our previous reports showed that second formant information, using a speech coding method, could be transmitted through an electrode on the promontory. However, second formant information can also be transmitted by tactile stimulation. Therefore, to find out whether electrical stimulation of the auditory nerve would be superior to tactile stimulation for our speech coding method, the time resolutions of the two modes of stimulation were compared. The results showed that the time resolution of electrical promontory stimulation was three times better than the time resolution of tactile stimulation of the finger. This indicates that electrical stimulation of the auditory nerve is much better for our speech coding method than tactile stimulation of the finger.

Cochlea↗

PubMed1992

[Intracochlear electrical stimulation of the auditory nerve in deaf kittens--brainstem response audiometric and histopathologic studies].

The effects of long-term electrical stimulation of the auditory nerve on the morphology of the cochlear nucleus were investigated in young pharmacologically deafened kittens. Comparing the amplitude of EABR with the soma area, there was a strong positive correlation between the amplitude of EABR and the soma area of neurons within the anterior ventral cochlear nucleus on the stimulated side. However, there was no correlation between the amplitude of EABR and the soma area of neurons within the unstimulated anterior ventral cochlear nucleus. In addition, there was no correlation between the amplitude of EABR and the survival rate of spiral ganglion cells. This showed that EABR may be affected not only by the survival rate of the spiral ganglion cell, but also by the development of the central auditory nervous system in kittens, which were deafened under the development of the central auditory nervous system.

Animals↗

PubMed1992

[Contribution of proliferating cell nuclear antigen to prognostic evaluation of carcinomas of the maxillary sinus].

Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) is a nuclear protein, synthesized in the late G1 and S phases of the cell cycle. Therefore, it is considered to be closely related to cell proliferation. The contribution of PCNA to prognostic evaluation of the disease was investigated in 42 squamous cell carcinomas of the maxillary sinuses, retrospectively. Histological sections were prepared by formalin-fixation, paraffin-embedding and staining with monoclonal antibody to PCNA (DAKO, PC10) using the Avidin-biotin peroxidase complex method. The percentage of tumor cells with positive staining for PCNA ranged from 26.3 to 92.3% (average; 61.7%). In order to evaluate PCNA in terms of prognosis, five-year survival rates in the following two groups were compared. One included cases with a PCNA positive rate above the mean level and the other, those below the mean level. Five year survival rate was 30.4% in the group with a higher positive rate, but 42.1% in the group with the lower rate. However, the difference in survival rate between the two groups was not statistically significant. In addition, no correlations either between the rate of PCNA positivity and T-classification of tumors or between the degree of tumor cell differentiation and metastasis to neck lymph nodes were obtained. Further study is necessary to evaluate PCNA as a prognostic marker in human malignancy.

Adult↗

PubMed1992

[Phase I study of a new platinum complex 254-S, cis-diammine (glycolato)-platinum (II)].

A new platinum complex 254-S had a superior preclinical therapeutic indices compared to cisplatin, showing decreased renal and gastrointestinal toxicities. Phase I clinical study with a single dose schedule was conducted to investigate the safety, toxicity, pharmacokinetics and possible efficacy against various advanced cancers by a cooperative study of 10 institutions. The drug was administered by i.v. infusion for 60 min dissolved in 250 ml of 5% xylitol solution, without the use of hydration and antiemetics. At least 3 patients at each dose level of 10, 20, 40, 80, 100 and 120 mg/m2 were tested and 28 patients were entered into this study. Myelosuppression, especially thrombocytopenia, appeared strongly at dose level of 80 mg/m2 and dose limiting thrombocytopenia was found in 2 of 5 patients. Leukocytopenia was also dose-related but moderate. Platelet and WBC nadirs occurred around 3 weeks after administration with recovery in about one week. Although slight elevation of BUN and creatinine were temporarily observed in a few cases, no significant renal toxicity was observed. Anorexia, nausea and vomiting were observed in the majority of patients, but milder than cisplatin. In conclusion, 254-S has demonstrated reduced non-hematologic toxicities as compared to cisplatin. This drug appears to be well tolerated and 120 mg/m2 was maximum tolerated dose. The recommended dose for phase II studies was thought to be 100 mg/m2 by i.v. infusion every 4 weeks.

Adult↗

PubMed1992

[An early phase II clinical study of cis-diammine glycolato platinum, 254-S, for head and neck cancers].

An early phase II clinical study of 254-S, a new anticancer platinum complex, for head and neck cancer was conducted by the 254-S Head and Neck Cancer Study Group consisting of 10 institutions. Based on the results obtained in the phase I study, 254-S was administered at 100 mg/m2 by 60 min intravenous drip infusion after being dissolved in 300 ml of 5% xylitol. In principle, the 254-S administration was repeated at least 2 times at 4 week intervals. Hydration was performed, if needed. All 24 cases registered were regarded as complete cases evaluable for tumor response. Complete response (CR) was observed in 4 patients (16.7%), partial response (PR) in 5 (20.8%), no change (NC) in 11 and progressive disease (PD) in 4, for a 37.5% response rate. Three CR and 3 PR (40.0%) were obtained in 15 patients with prior chemotherapy, including 1 CR and 2 PR (33.3%) in 9 patients previously treated with cisplatin. Side effects were observed in 19 patients (79.2%). Major toxic effects were hematotoxicity, including thrombocytopenia (58.3%), leukopenia (58.3%) and anemia (33.3%), and gastrointestinal toxicity, including nausea and vomiting (45.8%) and anorexia (37.5%). Abnormal parameter changes on renal function were found in 2 patients (8.3%). Based on these results, it was concluded that 254-S is potentially a useful anticancer agent for the treatment of head and neck cancer, and should be further investigated in a late phase II clinical study.

Adenocarcinoma↗