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Biomedical subjects

Y Inoue

Publications and source records attributed to Y Inoue.

At least 613 records · Page 34Linked to original sources
PubMed1998

Relationship between skin blood flow and sweating rate, and age related regional differences.

To examine the mechanisms and regional differences in the age-related decrement of skin blood flow, 11 young (age 20-25 years) and 10 older (age 64-76 years) men were exposed to a mild heat stress by immersing their feet and lower legs in water at 42 degrees C for 60 min, while they were sitting in near thermoneutral conditions [25 degrees C and 45% relative humidity (rh)]. During the equilibrium period (25 degrees C and 45% rh) before the heat test, no group differences were observed in rectal (Tre) and mean skin (Tsk) temperatures or mean arterial pressure (MAP). During passive heating, Tsk was significantly lower in the older men 20 min after commencing exposure (P<0.001), although there were similar increases in Tre in both groups. Exposure time and age did not affect MAP. The local sweating rate (m(sw)) and the percentage change in skin blood flow by laser Doppler flowmetry (%LDF) relative to baseline values on the chest, back, forearm and thigh were significantly lower in the older men (P<0.001), especially on the thigh. After starting the heat exposure, three temporal phases were observed in the relationship between %LDF and m(sw) at most sites in each subject. In phase A, %LDF increased but with no increase in m(sw). In phase B, m(sw) increased but with no secondary increase in %LDF. Finally, in phase C, there were proportional increases in %LDF and m(sw). The increase in %LDF in phase A was significantly lower on the forearm and thigh (P<0.05) for the older men, but not on the chest and back. In phase C, the slopes of the regression lines between %LDF and m(sw) were lower for the older men on the back (P<0.03), forearm (P = 0.08) and thigh (P<0.03), but not on the chest. These results would suggest that the age-related decrement in skin blood flow in response to passive heating may be due in part to a smaller release of vasoconstrictor tone and to less active vasodilatation once sweating begins. Regional differences exist in the impaired vasoconstriction and active vasodilatation systems.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Aetiology of delayed facial palsy after vestibular schwannoma surgery: clinical data and hypothesis.

A patient developed delayed facial nerve palsy at the level of House-Brackmann grade I to grade III 10 days after vestibular schwannoma surgery by the suboccipital transmeatal approach. The palsy had completely recovered after one month. Immunological study showed reactivation of herpes simplex and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging demonstrated an abnormal enhancement pattern of the facial nerve; intense enhancement of the distal intracanalicular segment and labyrinthine segment, similar to the MR findings for Bell's palsy. A prospective control study on the enhancement pattern of the functionally preserved facial nerve after vestibular schwannoma surgery in six cases showed a similar pattern to that of the normal facial nerve. Based on these findings, we propose the hypothesis that herpes simplex reactivation is an underlying cause of delayed facial palsy after vestibular schwannoma surgery.

Facial Nerve↗
PubMed1998

Reliability of the anteroposterior axis and the posterior condylar axis for determining rotational alignment of the femoral component in total knee arthroplasty.

We examined the reliability of the anteroposterior and posterior condylar axes for determining rotational alignment of the femoral component in total knee arthroplasty (TKA). A computed tomography scan was taken at the level of the femoral epicondyle in 84 knees (27 varus knees with medial femorotibial arthritis (FT-OA) in 26 patients, 17 knees with patellofemoral arthritis in 14 patients, and 40 normal knees in 40 volunteers). On the image, an anteroposterior axis, a line perpendicular to the anteroposterior axis, an epicondylar axis and a posterior condylar axis were drawn, and the relationship between the three axes was assessed. The mean values for the 84 knees were evaluated, and the posterior condylar axis was 6.0 degrees +/- 2.4 degrees internally rotated relative to the epicondylar axis, while the line perpendicular to the anteroposterior axis was 1.4 degrees +/- 3.3 degrees internally rotated relative to the epicondylar axis. The internal rotation angle of the posterior condylar axis relative to the epicondylar axis was 6.2 degrees +/- 1.9 degrees in the knees with medial femorotibial arthritis, 6.4 degrees +/- 2.4 degrees in the knees with patellofemoral arthritis, and 5.8 degrees +/- 2.7 degrees in the normal knees, showing consistent values in normal and osteoarthritic knees. The internal rotation angle of the line perpendicular to the anteroposterior axis relative to the epicondylar axis was 0.1 degrees +/- 3.3 degrees, 1.3 degrees +/- 3. 3 degrees, and 2.3 degrees +/- 3.1 degrees in the three groups, respectively (i.e., there were significant differences between the medial FT-OA knees and the normal knees). The results demonstrated that the anteroposterior axis was rotated externally to a significant degree in medial FT-OA knees and was less reliable than the posterior condylar axis for use in alignment for TKA on medial FT-OA knees.

Aged↗
PubMed1998

Granular corneal dystrophy with homozygous mutations in the kerato-epithelin gene.

PURPOSE: To report a family with several members affected with granular corneal dystrophy Groenouw type 1. Three members of the family were affected with a severe placoid type of corneal dystrophy. To determine the relationship between gene mutations and phenotypic variations of the disease, we analyzed the kerato-epithelin gene. METHODS: The pedigree included a consanguineous marriage of two affected individuals. The three family members affected with a severe form of corneal dystrophy were offspring of these parents. However, the phenotype of other affected family members was typical granular corneal dystrophy. We isolated genomic DNA from leukocytes of the family members. Exons of the keratoepithelin gene were amplified by the polymerase chain reaction and were analyzed using the single-strand conformation polymorphism technique. Mutations were identified by direct sequencing method and restriction digestion analysis. RESULTS: The three severely affected family members exhibited homozygous mutations at codon 555 (arginine to tryptophan) in the keratoepithelin gene, whereas those with typical granular corneal dystrophy had the heterozygous mutation at the same codon. Unaffected family members did not have the mutation. CONCLUSIONS: We determined that the severe phenotype of granular corneal dystrophy is caused by homozygous mutations in the kerato-epithelin gene. Clinical manifestation of the severe phenotype is a placoid type of corneal dystrophy and early recurrence after surgery. Granular corneal dystrophy appears to be the first ophthalmic disease in which homozygosity for a dominant allele has been genetically identified.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Two distinct kerato-epithelin mutations in Reis-Bücklers corneal dystrophy.

PURPOSE: Two patients were diagnosed with Reis-Bücklers corneal dystrophy (RBCD), although the pattern and severity of corneal opacification differed. To see whether there was a genetic basis for these phenotypic variations, we analyzed beta ig-h3, the gene that codes for kerato-epithelin and that contains a mutation (Arg555Gln) that causes RBCD. METHODS: A 30-year-old man with honeycomb-shaped subepithelial opacities in his central cornea and a 25-year-old man with progressive subepithelial geographic opacities were both considered to have RBCD. We isolated genomic DNA from leukocytes of the two patients and their family members and screened for an Arg555Gln kerato-epithelin mutation. Then we analyzed all exons of the gene using the single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) technique to search for any other kerato-epithelin mutations. RESULTS: The patient with honeycomb-shaped opacities had an Arg555Gln kerato-epithelin mutation that caused his RBCD, whereas the patient with geographic opacities did not; instead, he had a new kerato-epithelin mutation (Arg124Leu), which cosegregated with his family members. CONCLUSIONS: The variant of RBCD characterized by honeycomb-shaped opacities is caused by an Arg555Gln kerato-epithelin mutation. On the other hand, a new kerato-epithelin mutation, Arg124Leu, was found to cause the RBCD variant characterized by recurrent epithelial erosions and progressive geographic subepithelial opacification. Codon 124 is a hot spot for kerato-epithelin mutations, where the mutations responsible for three autosomal dominant corneal dystrophies--lattice type I (Arg124Cys), Avellino (Arg124His), and the variant of RBCD with geographic rather than honeycomb opacities (Arg124Leu)--are located.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Differential time-related effects of conjugated equine estrogen on bone metabolism in oophorectomized women.

OBJECTIVE: The effects of conjugated equine estrogen (CEE) on bone mineral density (BMD) and biochemical indices of bone remodeling in oophorectomized women were studied for 3 years during estrogen replacement therapy (ERT) to investigate whether 0.625 mg/day of CEE alone prevent acute bone loss in the early stage of surgical menopause. METHODS: We divided the subjects into three groups according to interval between oophorectomy and the start of ERT (group 1: less than 2 years after surgery, n = 31; group 2: 2-5 years after surgery, n = 29; and group 3: more than 5 years after surgery, n = 27). Vertebral BMD was measured using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). Two biochemical indices of bone metabolism, urinary deoxypyridinoline (DPyr) and serum intact human osteocalcin (hOC) were also measured. RESULTS: In group 1, continuous ERT with 0.625 mg/day of CEE could not prevent a BMD decrease within the first year. However, by the end of the second year, BMD was restored to the pre-ERT. The same dosage of CEE significantly increased BMD in groups 2 and 3 by the end of the first year. DPyr and hOC levels both decreased dramatically in the initial 6 months of therapy and were stable thereafter. CONCLUSION: In the initial 2-year period after oophorectomy, 0.625 mg/day of CEE alone could not prevent acute bone loss suggesting that additional therapy for the prevention of osteoporosis may be needed.

Absorptiometry, Photon↗
PubMed1998

Treatment of bone loss in oophorectomized women with a combination of ipriflavone and conjugated equine estrogen.

OBJECTIVE: We previously reported that 0.625 mg/day of conjugated equine estrogen (CEE) could not prevent acute bone loss in the first year after oophorectomy. The effect of additional administration of ipriflavone on bone mineral density (BMD) and biochemical indices of bone remodeling were studied to investigate whether concurrent use of CEE and ipriflavone prevent acute bone loss in the early stages following surgical menopause. METHODS: One-hundred and sixteen oophorectomized women were randomly divided into four groups according to treatment; group 1: placebo, n = 30; group 2: CEE (0.625 mg/day), n = 29; group 3: ipriflavone (600 mg/day), n = 30; group 4: CEE (0.625 mg/day) plus ipriflavone (600 mg/day), n = 27. Vertebral BMD was measured using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) and two biochemical indices of bone metabolism, urinary pyridinoline (Pyr) and serum intact human osteocalcin (hOC), were also measured before, 24 weeks, and 48 weeks after initiation of treatment. RESULTS: BMD was reduced 48 weeks after treatment by 6.1, 3.9 and 5.1% in groups 1-3, respectively, but by only 1.2% in group 4. Pyr decreased by 49.5, 32.0 and 41.5% in groups 2-4, respectively. hOC also decreased by 45.2 and 21.6% in groups 2 and 4, but increased by 40.5% in group 3, suggesting an inhibitory action of CEE and ipriflavone on the turnover of bone metabolism and stimulatory action of ipriflavone on bone formation. CONCLUSION: Concomitant use of ipriflavone with CEE from an early stage after oophorectomy inhibited bone loss and was considered to be effective in maintaining bone mass after oophorectomy.

Absorptiometry, Photon↗
PubMed1998

Role of the matrix metalloproteinase and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase families in noninvasive and invasive tumors transplanted in mice with severe combined immunodeficiency.

OBJECTIVES: To elucidate the role of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) in human urothelial cancers, we studied gene expressions of MMPs, TIMPs, and membrane-type 1 matrix metalloproteinase (MT1-MMP) in noninvasive or invasive tumor lines transplanted in mice with severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID). METHODS: The UCT-1 tumor line, derived from bladder cancer, is a noninvasive transplantable tumor with no evidence of metastasis. The UCT-2 tumor line, derived from a renal pelvic tumor, extensively invades without metastasis. We examined gene expressions of MMPs-1, 2, 3, 7, 8, 9, 10, and 11, TIMPs-1, 2, and 3, and MT1-MMP in UCT-1 and 2 by semiquantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis. RESULTS: Significantly higher gene expression of MMP-2 was detected in the invasive UCT-2 tumor line than in the noninvasive UCT-1 tumor line. Although both tumor lines expressed TIMP-1 and MT1-MMP, stronger gene expression of MT1-MMP was observed in the UCT-2 tumor line than in the UCT-1 tumor line. The other MMPs or TIMPs were not detected in either of the lines. CONCLUSIONS: MMP-2 and MT1-MMP may have an important role in the invasion mechanism of urothelial cancers.

Aged↗
PubMed1998

Short-latency vergence eye movements elicited by looming step in monkeys.

The looming associated with forward and backward motion of the observer has been shown to elicit vergence eye movements with short-latency (approximately 80 ms) in human subjects. We studied the vergence eye movements elicited by looming in three monkeys (Macaca fuscata). The animals faced a large tangent screen onto which a random dot pattern was back-projected. The movements of both eyes were recorded with an electromagnetic induction technique. Fifty milliseconds after a centering saccade, this first pattern was replaced with a new one that showed the same image viewed from a slightly different distance. This looming step (two-frame movie) included both radial optic flow and a size change. As expected from the optical geometry, centrifugal flow coupled with enlargement (signaling forward motion) increased the vergence angle, whereas the converse combination decreased the vergence angle. In both cases, the optimal step-change in apparent viewing distance was 2%. The latency of these vergence responses was very short and similar to those induced when disparity steps are applied to such large patterns (approximately 60 ms). We suggest that these two systems act in synergy to help maintain binocular alignment during forward and backward motion of the observer.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Correlation between steady-state plasma concentrations (Css) of bromperidol and haloperidol.

1. Bromperidol is a close structural analogue of haloperidol, and its metabolic pathways are similar to those of haloperidol. The authors studied the correlation between the Css of bromperidol and haloperidol. 2. The subjects were 16 schizophrenic inpatients. Fourteen patients received firstly bromperidol 12 mg/day and secondly haloperidol 12 mg/day, while the remaining two patients received the two treatments in the opposite sequence. 3. Blood samplings were performed 2-3 weeks after the initiation of each treatment, and the Css of bromperidol, haloperidol and their reduced metabolites were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography. 4. Neither the correlation between the Css of bromperidol and haloperidol (r = 0.246) nor that between the Css of reduced bromperidol and reduced haloperidol (r = 0.142) was significant. 5. The present study thus suggests that the Css of bromperidol and haloperidol do not correlate well in individuals.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Malignant melanoma extending along the ulnar, median, and musculocutaneous nerves: a case report.

We analyzed a case of malignant melanoma that resembled malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor with marked neurotropism. The subungual tumor in the right ring finger extended along the ulnar nerve for a distance of 30 cm, as well as along the median and musculocutaneous nerves, with lymph nodal metastases. The tumor consisted of interlacing spindle-shaped cells with large nuclei and distinct nucleolei. Immunohistochemically, the tumor cells were diffusely positive for S-100 protein. Five years after forequarter amputation, the patient is alive without disease. Malignant melanoma has the potential of invading several major peripheral nerves and must be distinguished from malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor, which rarely metastasizes to regional lymph nodes.

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMed1998

CT and MR imaging of cerebral tuberous sclerosis.

Tuberous sclerosis is a heredofamilial neurocutaneous syndrome, or phakomatosis, with multisystem involvement including the brain, kidney, skin, retina, heart, lung, and bone. The brain is the most frequently affected organ in tuberous sclerosis. Brain lesions in tuberous sclerosis are of three kinds; cortical tubers, white matter abnormalities, and subependymal nodules. We review the computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance (MR) features of the brain lesions in patients with tuberous sclerosis. CT clearly demonstrates calcified subependymal nodules. MR imaging demonstrates more clearly cortical, and white matter lesions than CT, since MR imaging shows excellent image contrast between various normal structures and high sensitivity in detecting pathological states due to intrinsic differences in proton density and in particular, in proton relaxation times of tissues. Possible pathogenesis of this disorder is also discussed.

Brain↗
PubMed1998

Role of the carboxy-terminal region of the GluR epsilon2 subunit in synaptic localization of the NMDA receptor channel.

The synaptic localization of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) type glutamate receptor (GluR) channel is a prerequisite for synaptic plasticity in the brain. We generated mutant mice carrying the carboxy-terminal truncated GluR epsilon2 subunit of the NMDA receptor channel. The mutant mice died neonatally and failed to form barrelette structures in the brainstem. The mutation greatly decreased the NMDA receptor-mediated component of hippocampal excitatory postsynaptic potentials and punctate immunofluorescent labelings of GluR epsilon2 protein in the neuropil regions, while GluR epsilon2 protein expression was comparable. Immunostaining of cultured cerebral neurons showed the reduced punctate staining of the truncated GluR epsilon2 protein at synapses. These results suggest that the carboxy-terminal region of the GluRepsilon2 subunit is important for efficient clustering and synaptic localization of the NMDA receptor channel.

Afferent Pathways↗
PubMed1998

Synthesis of sialyl Lewis X pentasaccharide analogue for high-throughput screening of selectin blockers.

We have developed an effective synthesis of sLe(x) pentasaccharide glycolipid analogue 2. As a part of application of sLe(x) pentasaccharide glycolipid 2 synthesized here, we have investigated the construction of a high-through-put screening system for discovery of selectin blockers. As a result, it was found that compound 2 was a useful ligand for in vitro ELISA assay and could be an important material for high-throughput screening of selectin blockers.

Carbohydrate Conformation↗
PubMed1998

Cranioplasty with split lateral skull plate segments for reconstruction of skull defects.

This paper reports the use of cranioplasty using segments of split lateral skull plate to correct large skull defects (larger than 8 x 8 cm). The subjects consisted of 10 patients with head trauma who had undergone decompression surgery, and two patients who had undergone tumour resection. Bone grafts were obtained by cutting approximately 2 cm wide strips from the lateral skull plate using a bone saw that was inserted from a free margin of the bone defects. By cutting strips laterally from the bone defect, the necessary amount of split lateral skull plate can be obtained without performing craniotomy. The pieces of split lateral skull plate are then fixed to the defect using wire or titanium mini-plates. At this point, the selection of bone grafts that match the curvature of the dura mater is important, so that no dead spaces are created between the dura mater and the bone grafts. Infection was not detected in any of the 12 patients, and all bone grafts took completely. One of the 12 patients suffered from a pathological fracture and bone resorption 6 months after surgery. The fracture occurred because the use of basket-shaped reconstruction plates resulted in large spaces between the plate segments, and in addition the intracranial pressure was kept low by a V-P shunt, thus rendering the patient more vulnerable to atmospheric pressure.

Adolescent↗