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Biomedical subjects

Y Inoue

Publications and source records attributed to Y Inoue.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1997

Variation from cytopathogenic biotype to non-cytopathogenic biotype is correlated with the deletion of cellular sequence from bovine viral diarrhea viruses.

Non-cytopathogenic (NCP) viruses of bovine viral diarrhea (BVD) virus were detected at a low ratio by the reverse plaque formation method from virus samples after several plaque clonings of cytopathogenic (CP) BVD viruses; NADL and Osloss strains. This phenomenon suggests that the NCP BVD viruses are produced at a low ratio during the propagation of CP BVD viruses in vitro. To investigate the differences between the parent CP BVD virus and the NCP BVD virus as a real progeny, the regions flanking the insertion of cellular mRNA in the p125 domain of NADL and Osloss strains were amplified by RT-PCR and cloned into pGEM 3Z plasmid vector, and then sequenced. Consequently, it was confirmed that sequences of cellular mRNA insertion of CP BVD viruses, NADL and Osloss strains, were completely and exactly deleted from the NCP BVD viruses which were real progeny of CP BVD viruses, NADL and Osloss strains. These results suggest that NCP BVD viruses may revert from CP biotype to NCP biotype by the deletion of cellular mRNA insertion in the viral genome of CP BVD viruses (NADL and Osloss strains).

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1997

Severe thrombocytopenia after cytomegalovirus infection in an immunocompetent host--correlation between CMV infection and platelet count in immunocompetent host.

We report a case of severe thrombocytopenia after cytomegalovirus mononucleosis and the changes of the platelet count in 13 cases (including documented case) with CMV mononucleosis (4 cases) or Epstein-Barr virus mononucleosis (9 cases), who were admitted to our hospital from 1991 to 1995. A decrease of the platelet count was observed in some patients at diagnosis compared to the following days, suggesting that thrombocytopenia may be induced by CMV as well as EBV, and mild thrombocytopenia may be more frequent than expected after CMV infection in immunocompetent adults, although severe thrombocytopenia is rare.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Pathogenesis of Chiari malformation: a morphometric study of the posterior cranial fossa.

To investigate overcrowding in the posterior cranial fossa as the pathogenesis of adult-type Chiari malformation, the authors studied the morphology of the brainstem and cerebellum within the posterior cranial fossa (neural structures consisting of the midbrain, pons, cerebellum, and medulla oblongata) as well as the base of the skull while taking into consideration their embryological development. Thirty patients with Chiari malformation and 50 normal control subjects were prospectively studied using neuroimaging. To estimate overcrowding, the authors used a "volume ratio" in which volume of the posterior fossa brain (consisting of the midbrain, pons, cerebellum, and medulla oblongata within the posterior cranial fossa) was placed in a ratio with the volume of the posterior fossa cranium encircled by bony and tentorial structures. Compared to the control group, in the Chiari group there was a significantly larger volume ratio, the two occipital enchondral parts (the exocciput and supraocciput) were significantly smaller, and the tentorium was pronouncedly steeper. There was no significant difference in the posterior fossa brain volume or in the axial lengths of the hindbrain (the brainstem and cerebellum). In six patients with basilar invagination the medulla oblongata was herniated, all three occipital enchondral parts (the basiocciput, exocciput, and supraocciput) were significantly smaller than in the control group, and the volume ratio was significantly larger than that in the Chiari group without basilar invagination. These results suggest that in adult-type Chiari malformation an underdeveloped occipital bone, possibly due to underdevelopment of the occipital somite originating from the paraxial mesoderm, induces overcrowding in the posterior cranial fossa, which contains the normally developed hindbrain. Basilar invagination is associated with a more severe downward herniation of the hindbrain due to the more severely underdeveloped occipital enchondrium, which further exacerbates overcrowding of the posterior cranial fossa.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Increased neutrophil respiratory burst in myeloproliferative disorders: selective enhancement of superoxide release triggered by receptor-mediated agonists and low responsiveness to in vitro cytokine stimulation.

The neutrophil superoxide (O2-)-producing capacity in 57 patients with chronic myeloproliferative disorders (MPDs) and eight patients with chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML) was investigated. O2- release in neutrophils stimulated by chemotactic peptide was markedly increased in all types of chronic MPD, including chronic myelogenous leukemia in both chronic phase and blastic crisis, polycythemia vera, and essential thrombocythemia, but was normal in CMML, which is thought to be a myelodysplastic disorder rather than MPD. Increase in O2(-)-producing capacity in MPD was also observed when other receptor-mediated agonists such as interleukin-8 and concanavalin A were used, but not when phorbol ester, a direct activator of protein kinase C, was used as the triggering agonist of O2- release. Priming effects of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), granulocyte-macrophage CSF (GM-CSF), and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) on chemotactic peptide-induced O2- release was observed in all patients with MPD and CMML, though fold enhancement of priming effects was much less in MPD compared with normal subjects. In addition, the priming effects of TNF were less than those of GM-CSF in 10 cases, whereas the priming effects of TNF were consistently and markedly greater than those of GM-CSF in normal subjects. Tyrosine phosphorylation of 42-kDa protein stimulated by G-CSF, GM-CSF, and TNF was observed in CML neutrophils to be identical to that in normal neutrophils. Present results indicate specific potentiation of the receptor-mediated route of signaling that is linked to the respiratory burst and downregulated responsiveness to cytokines in neutrophils in patients with all types of chronic MPD, suggesting in vivo priming of patient neutrophils via certain mechanism by cytokines or related stimuli in these hematological disorders.

Concanavalin A↗
PubMed1997

[Squamous cell carcinoma and basal cell carcinoma].

Both basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) are very common in skin malignancy. Operative therapy is the first choice at the treatment for SCC and BCC in early stage. After excision for large skin tumor, occasionally we use skin flap or musculocutaneous flap or free flap. At the old patient of Stage III and IV SCC and BCC, sometimes reduction surgery is useful at the combination therapy. Radiation as adjuvant therapy is sometimes useful for not only SCC but also BCC. The clinical efficacy of CA (C' A') chemotherapy (CDDP, ADM or CBDCA, EPI-ADM), was evaluated on Stage III, IV SCC and BCC. The response rate was 63% in SCC and 75% in BCC.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

[Effectiveness of continuous pulmonary perfusion during total cardiopulmonary bypass to prevent lung reperfusion injury].

The oxygen free radicals and the interaction between neutrophils and endothelium have been implicated in the pathogenesis of lung injury associated with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), and in the setting of total CPB, the ischemia-reperfusion injury has been suspected as the mechanism of lung injury. To prevent this reperfusion induced lung injury, we performed continuous pulmonary perfusion during total CPB. We studied 26 infants less than 1 year of age who underwent patch closure of ventricular septal defect. Intermittent mechanical ventilation (5/min) and continuous perfusion of pulmonary artery (30 ml/kg/min) were performed during total CPB in 7 infants (Group P). Whereas 19 infants underwent ordinary CPB (Group N). PaO2/FiO2 ratio was employed for the predictor of lung injury and was calculated before and after CPB. PaO2/FiO2 ratio decreased from 3 to 12 hours after CPB and then increased by 24 hours after CPB in both groups. The lowest PaO2/FiO2 ratio measured at 12 hours after CPB correlated with age and body weight at operation (Spearman's correlation coefficient, 0.59; p = 0.01 and 0.61; p = 0.009, respectively) and strongly correlated with preoperative Rp/Rs ratio (-0.73; p = 0.003). PaO2/FiO2 ratio, however, did not correlate with duration of CPB and aortic cross clamping, preoperative Pp/Ps and Qp/Qs ratio in group N. PaO2/FiO2 ratio of group P at 3, 6, and 12 hours after CPB were higher than those of group N, although there were no significant difference When analysis was made on the infants with high pulmonary vascular resistance (preoperative Rp/Rs ratio > or = 0.1), PaO2/FiO2 ratio of group P (n = 6) at 3, 6 and 12 hours after CPB were higher than those of group N (n = 11), and the difference was statistically significant at 12 hours after CPB (291.1 +/- 15.5 versus 199.6 +/- 27.0, p = 0.027. These results implicate that young age, low body weight and especially high pulmonary vascular resistance were incremental risk factor of lung injury after CPB and, furthermore, ischemia reperfusion injury can be the initiating factor of lung injury. The results also suggest that continuous pulmonary perfusion during total CPB is an effective mean to prevent lung injury particularly for the infants with high pulmonary vascular resistance.

Cardiopulmonary Bypass↗
PubMed1997

Correlation of anterior chamber-associated immune deviation with suppression of corneal epithelial rejection in mice.

PURPOSE: The authors investigated the effect of anterior chamber corneal (AC) inoculation of genetically graft-identical antigen on T-cell immunity and the suppression of alloepithelial rejection in mice. METHODS: Antigen-specific suppression of delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) and suppression transferability were tested in BALB/c mice injected with irradiated allogeneic B10.D2 splenocytes into AC. Other groups of BALB/c mice received irradiated B10.D2, BALB/c, or C3H/He splenocytes in the AC of the right eye. Seven days later, B10.D2 or C3H/He corneal lenticules were grafted at the limbus of the left eye (keratoepithelioplasty). Alloepithelial rejection of each grafted eye was evaluated according to clinical findings. The DTH response of the keratoepithelioplasty recipients against B10.D2 minor antigen was tested at the end of clinical observation (4 months after grafting). Also examined was spleen component transfer from BALB/c mice with AC inoculation of B10.D2 splenocytes to syngeneic acceptors and its effect on suppression of epithelial rejection against B10.D2 antigen. RESULTS: Inoculation of B10.D2 splenocytes into BALB/c AC induced antigen-specific DTH suppression, which suppression was transferable. During the 4-month observation period, AC inoculation of B10.D2 minor antigen significantly enhanced the survival of B10.D2-derived epithelium, but not of C3H/He-derived epithelium, in BALB/c mice. However, AC inoculation of BALB/c or C3H/ He splenocytes did not enhance B10.D2 epithelial survival in BALB/c mice. Incapability of antigen-specific DTH response generation was observed in the BALB/c mice with B10.D2 splenocytes in the right AC and B10.D2-derived epithelium in the left eye. Single transfer of spleen components from BALB/c mice with AC inoculation of B10.D2 splenocytes to syngeneic acceptors only delayed B10.D2 minor antigen-stimulated epithelial rejection, whereas supplementary transfers of the identical spleen components at different time intervals showed more significant effect in rejection delay. CONCLUSIONS: The results showed that AC inoculation of B10.D2 splenocytes in BALB/c mice induced antigen-specific suppression of DTH response, in a phenomenon termed anterior chamber-associated immune deviation (ACAID). It also was shown definitely that ACAID can suppress alloepithelial rejection in a murine keratoepithelioplasty model. Adoptive transfer of splenocytes from ACAID-induced mice merely affords short-term suppression of epithelial rejection, suggesting that an additional mechanism may be involved in ACAID maintenance.

Adoptive Transfer↗
PubMed1997

The antigen-bearing eye and the spleen are indispensable in maintaining anterior chamber-associated immune deviation.

PURPOSE: To investigate the role of the eye and the spleen in maintaining suppression of delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) after anterior chamber (AC) inoculation of allogeneic splenocytes. METHODS: Suppression of DTH response was tested in BALB/c mice after AC inoculation of allogeneic B10.D2 splenocytes. Seven days after AC injection, the antigen-inoculated eyes were enucleated or the spleens were removed. After enculeation or splenectomy at different time intervals, DTH responses in groups of the BALB/c mice were examined. Spleen components obtained from BALB/c mice that had been primed by B10.D2 splenocytes in the AC 7 days earlier were transferred intravenously to groups of naive syngeneic acceptors. At various intervals after adoptive transfer, variations of DTH responses were tested. RESULTS: Inoculation of B10.D2 splenocytes to the AC of BALB/c mice induced antigen-specific suppression of DTH. Either enucleation of the antigen-inoculated eyes or splenectomy weakened the DTH-suppressive effect within 5 weeks and abolished it within 9 weeks, whereas the mice retaining both antigen-inoculated eyes and spleens maintained longstanding DTH suppression. Adoptive transfer of spleen components to syngeneic acceptors demonstrated DTH suppression for only 3 weeks. CONCLUSIONS: The antigen-inoculated eye and spleen are required for long-standing suppression of DTH after AC inoculation of allogeneic splenocytes.

Adoptive Transfer↗
PubMed1997

[Focal cortical dysplasia and epilepsy surgery].

We conducted corticectomy in twenty-five patients with intractable partial epilepsy due to focal cortical dysplasia (FCD). MRI could not detect FCDs in three patients, interictal SPECT, however, revealed hypoperfusion corresponding to FCDs in two of these patients, while the FCD in one remaining patient was histologically identified in a resected specimen. The location of FCDs was as follows: the frontal lobe in sixteen patients, the temporal in five, the occipital in two, fronto-parietal in one, and the temporo-parietal in one. Prior to the surgery, twenty-one patients underwent invasive long-term intracranial EEG/CCTV monitoring. Of the fourteen patients who were tracked for longer than 2 years following surgery, eleven belonged to Class I according to Engel's criteria, two to Class II, and one to Class III. We compared intracranial EEG findings (interictal and ictal) between these twenty-one patients and eight patients with frontal lobe epilepsy resulting from different lesions. The results of this comparison, together with the seizure outcome following surgery, indicated that FCD is intrinsically epileptogenic. The invasive long-term monitoring should, as a rule, be performed in all patients with FCDs prior to the corticectomy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

[Chronic myelomonocytic leukemia developed 7 years after the onset of idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura like syndrome].

A 55-year old woman admitted to our hospital with bleeding tendency. She was diagnosed as having idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) by the platelet count 4.8 x 10(4)/microliter, Platelet associated IgG (PAIgG) 88.5 ng/10(7) cells, and an increase of megakaryocyte (81/microliter) of the sternal bone marrow. No obvious dysplasia of three lineages was observed. Because she did not respond to corticosteroid and gamma globulin, she was undertaken splenectomy 3 years after the diagnosis and the platelet count had been kept more than 3.0 x 10(4)/microliter during the following 2 years. After 7 years from the onset of ITP, she was admitted because of leukocytosis (16500 microliters with 8% monocytes) and thrombocytopenia (1.9 x 10(4)/microliter) with bleeding tendency. Hypercellular bone marrow with dysplasia of three lineages such as dyserythropoiesis, Pelger like nucleus, and micromegakaryocyte was observed. The chromosomal analysis presented 46XX, del (20) (q11.2) in all (50/50) cells. She was diagnosed as having chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMMoL). This is a difficult case in which it was distinguish ITP from refractory thrombocytopenia, a subtype of myelodysplastic syndrome. We reexamined and found some morphological abnormalities at diagnosis, suggesting that it might be preleukemic stage.

Blood Cell Count↗
PubMed1997

Malignant fibrous histiocytoma of the temporal bone with endocranial extension.

Cranial malignant fibrous histiocytomas are rare tumors. Most are hypervascular, destructive masses that are similar to other malignant lesions and to malignant fibrous histiocytomas found elsewhere in the body. We describe a myxoid malignant fibrous histiocytoma of the temporal bone, possibly of dural origin, with features that more closely resembled a meningioma at CT, MR imaging, and angiography.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Resonance Raman evidence that photodissociation of nitric oxide from the non-heme iron center activates nitrile hydratase from Rhodococcus sp. N-771.

Nitrile hydratase (NHase) from Rhodococcus sp. N-771, which contains a non-heme iron center in the catalytic site, has been known to be activated by light illumination. Recently, endogenous nitric oxide (NO) was found in this enzyme by FTIR spectroscopy [Noguchi et al. (1995) FEBS Lett. 358, 9-12]. In order to directly detect the bonding between NO and the iron atom and the reaction of NO upon photoactivation, resonance Raman spectra of the NHase were measured with 413 nm excitation at 85 K. Two prominent bands at 592 and 570 cm-1 were observed in the inactive from, and both of them were completely lost upon photoactivation. Upon subsequent introduction of 15NO, the active NHase was converted to the inactive form again and the above two bands were restored with downshifts by 10 and 12 cm-1, respectively. Also, the excitation profiles of these bands in the 350-500 nm region mostly followed the absorption spectrum arising from the iron center. From these isotopic shifts and the excitation profiles, the two Raman bands were assigned to the Fe-NO stretching and bending vibrations that are probably coupled with each other. The results provided solid evidence that NO is bound to the non-heme iron in the inactive NHase and its photodissociation activates the enzyme.

Binding Sites↗
PubMed1996

Characterization of the major core structures of the alpha2-->8-linked polysialic acid-containing glycan chains present in neural cell adhesion molecule in embryonic chick brains.

To gain more insight into the possible functional significance of the core glycan chain(s) on which polysialylation takes place in polysialic acid (poly-Sia)-containing glycoproteins, the structure of the core glycans in the embryonic form of chick brain neural cell adhesion molecule (N-CAM) were examined using chemical and instrumental techniques. The following new structural features, which had not been reported by the early pioneering study by Finne (Finne, J. (1982) J. Biol. Chem. 257, 11966-11970), were revealed (Structure I). (i) Two distinct types of multiantennary N-linked glycans, i.e. tri- and tetra-antennary structures, are present; (ii) an alpha1-->6-linked fucosyl residue is attached to the proximal GlcNAc residue of the di-N-acetylchitobiosyl unit; (iii) that the action of GlcNAc-transferase V, which catalyzes the attachment of the beta-(1-->6)-linked GlcNAc residue on the (1-->6)-alpha-linked mannose (Man) arm, appears to be essential for polysialylation to occur on the core glycan chain is suggested by the fact that the Man residue alpha1-->6-linked to the beta-linked Man residue is invariably 2,6-di-O-substituted by the GlcNAc residue; (iv) both type 1 (Galbeta1-->3GlcNAc) and type 2 (Galbeta1-->4 GlcNAc) sequences are present in the peripheral portion of the core glycan structure. An extended form of the type 2 chain, i.e. Galbeta1-->4GlcNAcbeta1-->3Galbeta1-->4GlcNAc, is also expressed on the (1-->3)- and (1-->6)-alpha-linked Man arms; (v) on average about 1.4 mol of sulfate is attached to the type 2 N-acetyllactosamine chain(s), where in the extended form the sulfate group is probably substituted at the O-3 position of the outmost GlcNAc residue, i.e. Galbeta1-->4(HSO3-->3)GlcNAcbeta1-->3Galbeta1--> 4GlcNAcbeta1-->Man. It is possible that the unusual structural features identified in this study might play a role in the initiation of polysialylation and our data should facilitate future research regarding the signals that control polysialylation.

Acetylation↗
PubMed1996

Electronic and vibrational structure of the radical cation of P840 in the putative homodimeric reaction center from Chlorobium tepidum as studied by FTIR spectroscopy.

Light-induced FTIR difference spectra of P840 upon its oxidation (P840+/P840) have been measured with the reaction center complex from the green sulfur bacterium Chlorobium tepidum. A broad band centered near 2500 cm-1 was observed in P840+, which is comparable to the band near 2600 cm-1 previously observed in P870+ of purple bacteria and assigned to the electronic transition in the bacteriochlorophyll a (BChla) dimer (Breton et al. (1992) Biochemistry 31, 7503-7510]. The intensity of this electronic band found in P840+ was about the same as that in P870+. The P840+ spectrum also showed several intensified vibrational modes, which are characteristic of the P870+ spectrum as well. These similar features of the electronic transition and the intensified lines indicate that P840+ is a BChla dimer whose electronic structure is similar to P870+. Based on the previous theoretical works, the possibility that P840+ has an asymmetric structure as P870+ was suggested. Also, two strong positive bands at 1707 and 1694 cm-1 probably assigned to the keto C9 = O stretching modes of P840+ were observed in the P840+/P840 spectrum. Three different interpretations are possible for the presence of the two C9 = O bands: (i) P840+ is an asymmetric dimer cation. (ii) P840+ has a symmetric structure, and the time constant of positive charge exchange between the two BChla molecules coincides with that of IR spectroscopy (10-13 s). (iii) The electric field produced by the positive charge on P840+ affects the C9 = O frequency of the neutral BChla in P840+ itself (when the charge exchange time is slower than the time scale of 10-13 s) or of a BChla in the close proximity of P840+. The negative bands at 1734 and 1684 cm-1 were assigned to the ester C10 = O and the keto C9 = O of neutral P840, respectively, both of which are free from hydrogen bonding. These results and interpretations regarding the structural symmetry and the molecular interactions of P840 and P840+ are discussed in the framework of the "homodimeric" reaction center of green sulfur bacteria.

Chlorobi↗
PubMed1996

Separation of naphthalene and flavone derivatives by micellar electrokinetic chromatography with double- and triple-chain surfactants.

Three surfactants, p-bis(2-dodecyloxymethyl-3-oxa-6-sodiosulfonatohexyloxy)benz ene (BDSB) having two sulfonate groups and two lipophilic chains, disodium 10-dodecanoyl-5,15-bis(dodecyloxymethyl)-10-aza-4,7,13,16-tetra oxa-1,19-nonadecanedisulfonate (DDBTN) having two sulfonate groups and three lipophilic chains and disodium 4,11-bis(dodecyloxymethyl)-3,6,9,12-tetraoxa-1,14-tetrade canedionate (DBTT) having two carboxylate groups and two lipophilic chains, were used in micellar electrokinetic chromatography (MEKC). Eight naphthalene derivatives were baseline separated at 10 mM BDSB or 5 mM DBTT, and five flavone derivatives at 5 mM BDSB, DDBTN or DBTT. The elution order of the naphthalene derivatives in MEKC with BDSB was identical with that with DDBTN. However, this elution order was different from that found with DBTT. In the case of the flavone derivatives, BDSB, DDBTN and DBTT produced the identical elution order. These double- and triple-chain surfactants exhibited different selectivity when compared with widely used sodium dodecyl sulfate.

Electrophoresis, Capillary↗
PubMed1996

Importance of catalase in the adaptive response to hydrogen peroxide: analysis of acatalasaemic Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Controversy about the importance of catalase in the detoxification of H2O2 in human erythrocytes continues. It has been suggested that catalase has no role in the clearance of H2O2 in erythrocytes. In the present study we investigated the role of catalase in the defence mechanism against oxidative stress using Saccharomyces cerevisiae. S. cerevisiae has two catalases, catalase A and catalase T. We constructed a double mutant (acatalasaemic mutant) unable to produce either catalase A or catalase T, and compared it with wild-type and single-mutant cells. The acatalasaemic mutant cells showed a similar growth rate to wild-type cells under non-oxidative stress conditions, and showed a similar susceptibility to H2O2 stress in the exponential growth phase. The acatalasaemic mutant cells at stationary phase were, however, much more sensitive to H2O2 stress than wild-type and single-mutant cells. Moreover, the ability of acatalasaemic and single-mutant cells to show adaptation to 2 mM H2O2 was distinctly inferior to that of wild-type cells. These results suggest that catalase is not essential for yeast cells under normal conditions, but plays an important role in the acquisition of tolerance to oxidative stress in the adaptive response of these cells.

Adaptation, Physiological↗