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Biomedical subjects

Y Ichiman

Publications and source records attributed to Y Ichiman.

53 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Successive extraction of specific protective immunoglobulins from pooled human sera.

By use of pooled human sera, specific protective immunoglobulins against the Smith-diffuse strain of Staphylococcus aureus, strains SS-620 and SS-619 of types III and II group B streptococci, and strain K-9 of Klebsiella pneumoniae were successively extracted from their whole cell and antibody complexes by elution with propionic acid containing 5% sucrose. Injection of 0.14, 0.05, 0.09, and 0.15 mg of these eluates in mice gave protection against lethal infection only with homologous strains. However, no protective effect was observed against these infections, even with considerably higher amounts of a conventional immunoglobulin preparation. The major components of the eluates were the three major immunoglobulins, immunoglobulin G (IgG), IgA, and IgM, although nonspecific proteins were also included. Protective activities of these eluates were absorbed out by their protection-inducing antigens, indicating that they contained specific protective immunoglobulins.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Staphylococcal capsular vaccine for preventing mastitis in two herds in Georgia.

An encapsulated staphylococcal vaccine, consisting of heat-killed capsular-type A and B Staphylococcus aureus strains and capsular polysaccharide extracted from strain ATCC 31432 of Staphylococcus epidermidis, was used to control bovine mastitis in two herds in Georgia. The vaccine was administered intramuscularly into 97 and 125 cows in the herds, and equal numbers of animals were controls. Two weeks after primary vaccination a booster injection was given. No side effects were observed. In one herd, leucocyte content of milk samples decreased remarkably 1 wk after the booster injection. Significant resistance to infection was maintained for 4 mo after vaccination. Estimation of the total loss of milk yield showed less loss compared to that in the control group for 4 mo after vaccination. In the other herd, remarkable improvements of milk samples were observed as early as 1 wk after primary vaccination and resistance to infection continued for 6 mo after vaccination, when experiments were terminated. At 3 mo after vaccination, loss of milk yield was approximately one-third of that in the control group, and this reduction of loss was maintained for 6 mo after vaccination.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Growth of Staphylococcus epidermidis in soft agar in relation to respiration, dehydrogenase activity and biotype.

Using 200 fresh isolates of Staphylococcus epidermidis, the relationship between type of growth in soft-agar medium and respiration, dehydrogenase activity and biotype was investigated. When strains of S. epidermidis were cultured in Brain Heart Infusion medium containing 0.15% (w/v) agar, the following different growth types were observed: compact colonial morphology with growth throughout the medium (type A), or with growth only at the surface (type B); and diffuse colonial morphology with growth throughout the medium (type C), growth only at the surface (type D), or growth from the surface to the middle of the tube (type E). Five representative strains of each growth type were studied and different results for cytochrome pattern, oxygen consumption and relative activities of lactic dehydrogenase and succinic dehydrogenase were obtained with different growth types. However, there was no correlation between growth type and biotype.

Agar↗
PubMed1982

Cross protection in mice with the Smith diffuse stain of Staphylococcus aureus versus a type Ia strain of group B streptococci.

Active immunization of mice with whole cell vaccine or cell surface polysaccharide from either the Smith diffuse strain of Staphylococcus aureus or SS-615 (type Ia of group G streptococci) protected against challenge by either the homologous or heterologous strains. In the peritoneal cavity of mice immunized with either of these organisms rapid phagocytosis and reduction of the viable cells was observed at 6 h after the challenge. Cell surface polysaccharides extracted from strains Smith diffuse and SS-615, both prepared by the same procedure as that of the Smith surface antigen, were capable of absorbing the protective antibody in rabbit hyperimmune sera prepared with homologous or heterologous strains.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Serological differentiation of strains of group B streptococci by the soft-agar technique.

Soft-agar technique was applied for serological determination of strains of group B streptococci. With representative type strains, their colonial morphology was converted from diffuse- to compact-type growth only by the addition of homologous rabbit anti-serum in the medium and no conversion of colonial morphology was observed by heterologous rabbit antisera. Twenty seven out of 30 fresh isolates obtained from human clinical specimens showed diffuse-type growth in soft-agar medium and were subjected to this examination. Twenty-one strains reacted with a single antiserum, 5 strains showed reactivities to two different antisera although reaction to an antiserum were significantly higher than those of the other antiserum and no reaction was observed with a strain. Twenty single and 5 major serotypes determined by this technique were coincided with those differentiated by Lancefield's precipitin method. From these experimental results, soft-agar technique was regarded being available for serological typing of strains of group B streptococci.

Agar↗
PubMed1981

Selection of mouse virulent non-motile strains of Escherichia coli by the soft agar technique.

Using strain SME-12 of Escherichia coli and its variants A and B showing large round, diffuse and compact-type colonial morphology, respectively, in soft-agar medium, their capsule showed that although these strains were similar in toxicity, the parent strain exhibited a large capsule, a large cell volume and a high mouse virulence. Variant A had no capsule, its cell volume was remarkably lower than that of the original strain, and was avirulent; variant B had no capsule and displayed the lowest cell volume and mouse virulence. With 193 fresh isolates of E. coli, the majority of colonies of 16, 152 and 25 strains were of large round, diffuse and compact types, respectively. Fifteen strains of pure growth type from each of the three groups were tested for mouse virulence. The majority of strains showing large round-type growth was virulent, diffuse-type strains displayed a low virulence, while no mouse was killed by compact-type strains.

Agar↗
PubMed1981

Intravascular coagulation in mice by the compact-colony-forming active substance (CCFAS) extracted from a strain of Staphylococcus aureus.

The compact-colony-forming active substance (CCFAS) extracted from a Staphylococcus aureus strain was capable of killing mice only when Staph. aureus, Staph. epidermidis or Escherichia coli was injected i.v. before the injection of CCFAS. In the mice killed 30 min after treatment with heat-killed Staph. aureus and CCFAS, remarkable congestion of the lung and thrombus-like lesions in the kidney were observed. In the mice killed 6 h after injection with CCFAS and living Staph. aureus congestion and inflammatory-cell filtration were found in the liver, especially within the Glisson's capsule. However, when mice were killed 30 days after treatment with CCFAS and Staph. aureus, fibrin and hyalin thrombi were observed most frequently in the renal glomeruli but also in the liver and lung.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Passive protection by human serum in mice infected with encapsulated Staphylococcus aureus.

The occurrence and nature of passive protective antibody in 100 samples of human serum was investigated in mice challenged with strains of Staphylococcus aureus capsular types A (Smith diffuse strain) and B (strain NS58D). Sixty of the sera passively protected mice against the capsular type-A strain, three against type B, and one against both types. Rabbit antisera against human IgG, IgA and IgM could remove the protective activity from a human serum of high potency, and the activity was also sensitive to 2-mercaptoethanol. Absorption with Smith surface antigen removed protective activity and reduced the concentration of IgG 7-fold, IgA 2.7 fold and of IgM 3-fold more than in a non-protective serum. Consequently, the protective activity of human serum is believed to be associated with antibodies to the S. aureus capsular antigen in the three immunoglobulin classes.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

[Effect of combination of hetacillin, cephapirin and amikacin (author's transl)].

With the investigations of the effect of combination of hetacillin, cephapirin and amikacin, following experimental results were obtained; 1. Effect of combination of amikacin, cephapirin and hetacillin was differed depending upon the genus and species of bacteria. However, in general, in the cases showing effective results there was a relation in the concentration of these antibiotics. With strains of Escherichia coli amikacin and cephapirin was cooperative, but not with other combinations and strains of Proteus showed similar tendencies to those strains. In the strains of Pseudomonas, no effect was observed with these antibiotics. However, significant cooperative effect was shown in strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae. In penicillin-resistant strains of Staphylococci cooperative effect was represented only a combination of amikacin and hetacillin. 2. Amikacin was resistant against penicillinase isolated from penicillin-resistant strain of Staphylococcus and cephalosporinase extracted from cephalosporin-resistant strain of Escherichia coli. 3. When a strain of K. pneumoniae, showing cooperative effect with amikacin and cephapirin, was examined by electronmicroscopy, enlargement of cells and destruction of the cell walls were observed.

Amikacin↗
PubMed1979

Relation of colonial morphologies of strain of Streptococcus pneumoniae in soft-agar to the encapsulation.

Among 40 fresh isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae 12, 25 and 3 strains, respectively, exhibited large round, small round and compact colonial morphologies in soft-agar medium. Every large round strain possessed a capsule, almost half of the small round strains had capsules, while all of the large round type growth showed very high mouse virulence and 1.0 mg of these organisms was capable of absorbing a minimal amount of passive protective antibody in rabbit antiserum, prepared with the homologous strain, against challenge infection with homologous organisms in mice. Its variant showing compact type growth in soft-agar was mouse avirulent and a similar amount of the mouse passive protective antibody could not be absorbed with 100 mg of these organisms. These experimental results indicate that the soft-agar technique can be used for the identification of encapsulated strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae.

Agar↗
PubMed1978

Immunological response to a strain of Staphylococcus epidermidis in the rabbit: production of protective antibody.

A rabbit was immunised with a heat-killed vaccine prepared from strain 1142 of Staphylococcus epidermidis. The HA titres of the antisera against a surface-polysaccharide antigen extracted from the homologous strain were highest in the 2nd-4th weeks after immunisation and subsequently declined. Only a minor amount of 2-ME-resistant antibody was formed, and this at a late state of the reaction. After a booster injection of the vaccine at the 10th week, there was a significantly greater HA-antibody response and a greater amount of 2-ME-resistant antibody was formed. The relative passive-protective activity of the sera in mice corresponded to their content of 2-ME-sensitive HA antibody. The protective activity of the sera was 2-ME sensitive and was not removed by absorption with anti-rabbit IgG goat serum. Further, 280 microgram of IgM-rich serum fraction obtained by sucrose-density-gradient ultracentrifugation passively protected against homologous challenge infection in mice, but even 910 microgram of IgG-rich fraction did not. These results indicated that the protective antibody was of the IgM class.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Mouse virulent strain of Staphylococcus epidermidis. Relation of antiphagocytic activity to the protection-inducing antigen.

Using 10(9) or 10(7) colony-forming units of a strain of Staphylococcus epidermidis (strain 1142) in saline or 5% mucin, respectively, 90 to 100% of mice died within 24 to 48 hr after intraperitoneal challenge infection. These organisms gradually multiplied in the peritoneal cavity when injected intraperitoneally into mice, while the mouse avirulent strain (strain 1124) rapidly decreased and no organisms were found there 20 hr after injection. This strain was capable of inducing resistance against challenge with homologous strains. The resistance appeared as early as the first week and disappeared the 4th week after the immunization. However, no resistance was induced with strain 1124 against challenge with strain 1142. Also, hyperimmune rabbit serum prepared with strain 1142 passively protected against challenge with homologous strain in mice. The protective antibody was absorbed out with homologous organisms but not with strain 1124. Subsequently, a surface substance was obtained from strains 1142 or 1124 by the method of Morse. The 1142 surface substance was capable of inducing a resistance against challenge with the homologous strain but not with the 1124 surface substance. Also, this substance absorbed the protective antibody in hyperimmune rabbit serum prepared with the homologous strain but not with the 1124 surface substance nor with the Smith surface antigen extracted from the Smith strain of Staphylococcus aureus. Conversely, the protective antibody in rabbit anti-Smith strain serum against challenge with the homologous strain was absorbed with the Smith surface antigen but not with the 1142 surface substance. In the agar diffusion test, the 1142 surface substance and the Smith surface antigen produced single precipitin lines only against homologous antisera. Biochemical analysis of the 1142 surface substance showed that the substance contained neither nucleic acids nor proteins but is composed of hexosamine, glycerol, phosphorus, alanine, glycine and phenylalanine.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1975

Induction of resistance with heat-killed compact-type strains of Staphylococcus aureus against challenge with the diffuse variant of the Smith strain of Staphylococcus aureus.

Active immunization of mice with high doses of heat-killed and autoclaved vaccine of unencapsulated strains of Staphylococcus aureus, which was grown in brain heart infusion media, protected against challenge with the Smith diffuse strain of Staphylococcus aureus. These organisms were capable of absorbing the protective antibody in rabbit hyperimmune sera prepared with the Smith diffuse strain. Also, mice treated with rabbit hyperimmune sera prepared with these strains (four out of six strains) protected against challenge with the Smith diffuse strain. Protective activities of these rabbit hyperimmune sera were assumed to be essentially identical to the protective antibody induced by the Smith diffuse strain.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Comparison of cell wall teichoic acid fractions isolated from three different encapsulated strains of Staphylococcus epidermidis.

Teichoic acid preparations extracted from the cell wall of three serologically different encapsulated strains of Staphylococcus epidermidis, ATCC-31432 (capsular type I), SE-360 (capsular type II) and SE-10 (capsular type III) were purified by DEAE-cellulose and Sephadex G-50 column chromatography. The preparations showed immunological heterogeneity by an agar diffusion test. The chemical properties of the cell wall teichoic acid preparations of capsular types I and III were regarded as N-acetyl-glucosaminyl glycerol-phosphate polymers containing N-acetylglucosamine and phosphate at molar ratios of 0.22-1.0 and 0.33-1.0, respectively. The preparation of capsular type II was assumed to be an alpha-glucosyl glycerol-phosphate polymer containing glucose and phosphate at a molar ratio of 0.49-1.0, and it reacted strongly with concanavalin A. Moreover, alanine, glycine, serine and lysine were shown, among these preparations, to be a common amino acid composition. These results indicate that cell wall teichoic acids obtained from these strains were biochemically and immunologically different from each other.

Cell Wall↗