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Biomedical subjects

Y Ichikawa

Publications and source records attributed to Y Ichikawa.

At least 361 records · Page 20Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

[A case of aortic and mitral regurgitation with two aneurysms in the mitral valve].

A 59-year-old male was found to have two aneurysms in the mitral valve, mitral regurgitation, and aortic regurgitation by the echocardiographic examination. The patient had a previous history of infectious endocarditis by streptococcus at the age of 24. Under the diagnosis of mitral aneurysms developed after infectious endocarditis, surgery was undertaken. A 5 x 8 mm sized perforation in the right coronary cusp and two aneurysms in the anterior mitral leaflet, 22 mm and 17 mm in size, were found intraoperatively. Both the mitral and aortic valves were replaced. Patients with a history of infectious endocarditis have to be followed up for a long period of time. Transesophageal echocardiogram is useful in those patients. Considering high prevalence of aortic valvular diseases in those with a mitral aneurysm after infectious endocarditis, aortic valves should be carefully evaluated.

Aneurysm, Infected↗
PubMed1994

[Imipenem/cilastatin sodium alone or combined with amikacin sulfate in respiratory infections].

In the present study, we used the envelope method to divide patients with respiratory infections into two groups: a monotherapy group given imipenem/cilastatin sodium (IPM/CS) and a combination therapy group given imipenem/cilastatin sodium plus amikacin sulfate (AMK). We then compared the clinical efficacy and safety between groups. 1. Safety was evaluated in 83 patients in the IPM/CS group and 88 in the IPM/CS + AMK group while clinical efficacy was evaluated in 77 and 80 patients in the respective groups. 2. The overall efficacy rate was 84.4% in the IPM/CS group. Among the main infections, the efficacy rates were 82.7% in 52 cases of pneumonia (including lung abscess), 100% in cases of infected bronchiectasis, 66.7% in six cases of secondary infection of chronic respiratory disease, and 100% in four cases of chronic bronchitis. The overall efficacy rate was 83.8% in the IPM/CS + AMK group. Among the main infections, the efficacy rates were 88.1% in 59 cases of pneumonia (including lung abscess), 83.3% in 12 cases of infected bronchiectasis, and 60.0% in five cases of secondary infection of chronic respiratory disease. No significant differences in efficacies were seen between groups. 3. In the IPM/CS group, the efficacy rates were 92.3% for patients without prior antibiotic therapy in the IPM/CS group and 68.0% for those with prior therapy; in the IPM/CS + AMK group, the respective rates were 83.7% and 83.9%. In the IPM/CS group, there was a significant difference in the responses of patients with and without prior antibiotic therapy (P < 0.05). 4. Side effects were observed in six patients in the IPM/CS group (7.2%) and two patients in the IPM/CS + AMK group (2.3%). Abnormal laboratory test results were noted in 5 patients in the IPM/CS group (6.0%) and in 10 in the IPM/CS + f1p4group (11.4%). There was no significant difference in the incidence of side effects between groups and no severe adverse reactions in either group. These results indicate that IPM/CS alone produces of good response in moderate to severe respiratory infections while IPM/CS combined with AMK is useful in intractable respiratory infections.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

[A clinical study on fluconazole against pulmonary mycosis associated with respiratory diseases].

In 34 hospitals in Kyushu area, the clinical effects and safety of fluconazole (FLCZ) against pulmonary mycosis were studied. To a total of 108 patients with respiratory diseases was FLCZ administered. The results were as follows. 1. Sixty-six cases were evaluable for the clinical efficacy of FLCZ. In 8 cases of pulmonary cryptococcosis, the clinical efficacy rate was 100% (8/8). In 58 cases of pulmonary aspergillosis, it was 43.1% (25/38). Overall, the clinical efficacy rate was 50% (33/66). 2. Fungi were eliminated in 3 of 6 cases in which Cryptococcus was detected, and were eliminated in 8 and reduced in 4 of 30 cases in which Aspergillus spp. including A. fumigatus were detected. 3. Side effects were observed in 5 of 87 cases (5.7%), none of them was serious, however. Abnormal results of laboratory tests that might be related to the FLCZ administration were observed in 5 cases (5.7%). 4. From these results, fluconazole appears to be a potent antifungal agent for treatment of pulmonary mycosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[Bronchorrhea].

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Bronchi↗
PubMed1994

[Double blind trial of pulse methylprednisolone versus conventional oral prednisolone in lupus nephritis].

A double blinded clinical trial was conducted in which the efficacy and safety of pulse methylprednisolone (400 mg/day) was compared with oral prednisolone (50 mg/day), a control drug for a period of 3 months. One-hundred and two (102) patients were enrolled in the study, of which 91 patients were determined as eligible for analysis of efficacy. Patients on pulse methylprednisolone had more favorable response to therapy with regard to laboratory value changes from baseline such as CH50 and anti-DNA antibody titers. In terms of anti-DNA antibodies, a significant difference was detected at one week after treatment. With regard to time course changes in laboratory values, CH50 at one and two weeks after treatment showed a significantly higher elevation in the pulse methylprednisolone group than in the control group. There was no significant difference noted in incidence of adverse reactions between both treatment groups. No serious adverse reaction was encountered in the pulse methylprednisolone group. The physician's assessment of final global improvement significantly favored the pulse methylprednisolone-treated group. The above results suggest that the pulse therapy with methylprednisolone leads to more rapid onset of drug effect than the conventional oral prednisolone in the treatment of lupus nephritis.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1994

[A case of endobronchial tuberculosis complicated with atelectasis of right upper lobe].

A case of endobronchial tuberculosis complicated with atelectasis of upper lobe of the right lung is reported. A 79-years old female was admitted to our hospital for rehabilitation of her Parkinsonisms. On admission, her chest X-ray photo showed atelectasis of right upper lobe. A nodule of a broad-bean size was observed at the orifice of the right upper bronchus by a bronchofiberscopic examination and it was considered as the cause of the atelectasis. Histological examination of a specimen obtained by transbronchial biopsy of this nodule showed epithelioid granuloma. Mycobacterium tuberculosis was isolated from a bronchial washing after 4-weeks cultivation. Anti-tuberculous treatment with INH, RFP and EB was started on January 1992 and, consequently, her chest X-ray findings showed remarkable improvement. Bronchofiberscopic examination in January 1993 showed a marked reduction in the size of the nodule, and the atelectactic shadow had disappeared and just a residual scar was observed on her chest X-ray photo in June 1993.

Aged↗
PubMed1994

Emotional states of patients with hematological malignancies: preliminary study.

We conducted a study to demonstrate the kinds and frequencies of psychiatric symptoms among 31 inpatients with malignant hematological diseases. The DSM-III-R (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders, third edition-revised, 1987) structured interview and three psychological tests, such as the Self-rating Anxiety Scale, Self-rating Depression Scale and Profile of Mood States, were administered. The structured interview demonstrated 29.0% of the patients to have met the criteria for some form of psychiatric disorder, i.e., two for major depression and seven for adjustment disorder (three with depressed mood, two with anxious mood and two with mixed emotional features). Of the remaining 22 patients (71.0%) none met the criteria for psychiatric disorders. Of the five patients who knew their true diagnoses, three were assessed as having adjustment disorder with depressed mood and one as having major depression. Also, among the five patients on chemotherapy, four met the criteria for psychiatric disorders. Adjustment disorders were fewer among Japanese patients with malignant hematological diseases than among patients from previous studies in western countries, which can be explained by the patients' defense mechanism such as 'denial' and/or the less frequent 'truth-telling' in Japan. In addition, since the diagnostic criteria or psychological scales contain physical symptoms, they should be arranged or revised if applied to patients with life-threatening diseases such as hematological malignancies.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[A case of sarcoidosis presenting with hoarseness and dysphagia due to glossopharyngeal and vagus nerve paresis].

The patient was a 20-year-old female who complained of hoarseness and dysphagia. Chest X-ray showed bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy. Sarcoidosis was diagnosed histologically on the basis of granuloma without necrosis, by transbronchial lung biopsy (TBLB). Bronchofiberscopic findings revealed no granuloma of the vocal cords. Examination of the central nervous system with MRI identified no abnormalities. Hoarseness and dysphagia were thought to have been caused by glossopharyngeal and vagus nerve paresis. These signs improved markedly after two weeks of steroid therapy. This is a rare case of sarcoidosis associated with glossopharyngeal & vagus nerve paresis.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[Treatment-resistant bacterial infection in specific bacterial species and developmental movement of new antibiotics--Mycobacterium].

Mycobacterium tuberculosis and atypical mycobacteriosis are potent diseases which had not been curable before. Progress of chemotherapy has a marked effect but not enough results. We are now waiting for the appearance of a new medicine. Other rifamycim derivatives are developed as antimycobacterial agents, which have a mainframe of 3'-hydroxy-5'-alkylpiperazinyl-benzoxazinorifamycins (KRMs). KRMs exceeds RFP in bacteriostatic function, and also have already established in vivo in chemotherapeutic efficacy. Another study will also reveal a higher of bactericidal function. We expect possibility of much more powerful and short-term initial chemotherapy.

Antitubercular Agents↗
PubMed1994

[A characteristic of alcoholics with the atypical aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH2(2)--a relationship to other alcohol metabolizing enzymes].

The series were composed of 59 alcoholics. All the subjects fulfilled the DSM-III-R criteria for alcohol dependency. We investigated the genotype at ALDH2. 6 patients were heterozygous ALDH2(1)/ALDH2(2). We determined the genotypes at ADH2, ADH3 and P-4502E1 about 6 patients. 5 patients had ADH2(1)/ADH2(1) allele. 2 patients had P-450E1*C2. We found a genetic characteristic about alcoholics with the heterozygous ALDH2(1)/ALDH2(2) allele.

Alcohol Dehydrogenase↗
PubMed1994

[Relationship between alcoholism and genotypes of acetaldehyde-metabolizing enzymes].

The genotypes of the CYP2E1 and ALDH2 loci in alcoholic and non-alcoholic (healthy) Japanese were investigated to examine the relationship between the polymorphisms of CYP2E1 (C1/C2) and ALDH2 (ALDH2*1/ALDH2*2), and the susceptibility to alcoholism. There was no significant difference in C2 gene frequency between alcoholics (0.20) and non-alcoholics (0.19), while there was a significant difference in ALDH2 allele frequency, suggesting that the C2 allele of CYP2E1 may have nothing to the risk of developing alcoholism in Japanese, whereas the ALDH2*1 allele may influence drinking behavior and the development of alcoholism.

Alcoholism↗
PubMed1994

[Pulmonary functions in patients with progressive systemic sclerosis].

We studied the correlations of pulmonary function with clinical symptoms or autoantibody profiles in patients with progressive systemic sclerosis (PSS). Percent vital capacity (% VC) was low in 40% of PSS patients and percent diffusing capacity of carbon oxide (% DLCO) was decreased in 76% of the patients. Eighty-five percent of the patients had abnormal pulmonary functions. The % DLCO was significantly low in male patients compared with female patients. The arterial partial pressure of oxygen (PO2) in patients with esophageal hypomotility was significantly lower than those without esophageal hypomotility. PSS with Sjögren's syndrome (SS) showed a significant decrease of the % VC (p < 0.05) and PO2 (p < 0.05), and of lung fibrosis was frequent in the patients compared with those without SS. Pulmonary fibrosis was recognized in 63% of PSS patients and was more frequent in the patients with anti-Scl-70 antibody than those without the antibody. The annual decrease of VC was 62 ml in PSS patients, and that of DLco was 0.12 ml/min/mmHg. The annual decrease of VC was more prominent in the PSS patients with severe pulmonary fibrosis or anti-Scl-70 antibody. The decrease of VC, however, was mild in the patients with anti-RNP antibody compared with those without the antibody.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[Drug interactions between glucocorticoids and other drugs].

Various interaction mechanisms between glucocorticoids and other drugs are reviewed. Among these interactions, the effects of liver microsomal enzyme-inducing agents such as anticonvulsants (barbiturates and phenytoin) and rifampicin, on the glucocorticoid metabolism are the most prominent and important. We reported on a patient with polymyositis under prednisolone therapy, who relapsed after concurrent use of rifampicin. Marked differences in the degrees of accelerated metabolism among glucocorticoids, the order of which was dexamethasone, prednisolone and hydrocortisone, were observed in the patients under rifampicin therapy. It may be concluded that careful attention to the drug interactions between glucocorticoids and other drugs is required in the clinical management.

Barbiturates↗
PubMed1993

Retinal oxidase is identical to aldehyde oxidase.

Retinal oxidase (EC 1.2.3.11) and aldehyde oxidase (EC 1.2.3.1) were compared with respect to their enzymatic and physiochemical properties. It was found that the molecular weights, subunits, optical spectra, chemical and immunological properties, cellular localization and substrate specificities of the two oxidases are identical on almost all points. The physiological function of aldehyde oxidase appears to be the synthesis of retinoic acid from retinal.

Aldehyde Oxidase↗