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Biomedical subjects

Y Hu

Publications and source records attributed to Y Hu.

At least 505 records · Page 28Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

[A study on model of inheritance of systemic lupus erythematosus in Chinese].

Analysis of segregation and heritability were performed, with the aid of Penrose's method, maximum likelihood estimation and Falconer's method, in 215 cases with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and their pedigrees to explore its possible model of inheritance. Results showed that prevalence of SLE in first-degree relatives of the proband with SLE was 0.85% and higher than that in general population (0.03%). A ratio of s/q approached 1/square root q with Penrose's method, segregation proportion was equal to 0.029 with simple segregation analysis, with a chi-square for goodness-of-fit of 0.0001 (P > 0.05), and the heritability of SLE was 56.7% (P < 0.05). It suggests that SLE follows a pattern of multifactorial inheritance rather than single-gene one.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

[Studies on the immunopathogenesis of experimental tubulointerstitial nephritis in Wistar rats].

Tubulointerstitial nephritis (TIN) model was successfully induced in female Wistar rats by immunization with rabbit tubular basement membrane (TBM) etc. By using immunohistochemistry and computer assisted image processing, characterization of mononuclear cells in the TIN models were determined, and the relationship between Ia antigen expression of renal tissue and TIN studied. The results showed: TIN was characterized by deposition of IgG in a linear pattern along TBM and mononuclear cells infiltrates, which suggests the production of anti-TBM antibodies. Among the mononuclear cells, most are T cells. Granuloma formation was observed in parts of TIN. B cells gradually decreased while monocytes gradually increased. The renal tissue lesions show tubular atrophy and peritubular fibrosis. This model strongly suggests that cellular immune responses play an important role in the development of TIN. Ia antigen expression is higher in cells of the tubular epithelium and Bowman's capsule of lesion site than in control group (P < 0.01). This is strong evidence that the abnormal expression of Ia antigen may be affected by the production and development of TIN.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Clinical application of nonselective assisted hatching of human embryos.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of nonselective assisted hatching on pregnancy rate (PR) and to provide an alternative and simplified method for clinical application of assisted hatching. DESIGN: Retrospective analysis of clinical data. SETTING: Private infertility practice. PATIENT(S): Women from 258 consecutive stimulated IVF cycles. INTERVENTION(S): Assisted hatching was performed on each transferred embryo regardless of patient history, embryo morphology, or other selection criteria routinely applied to many IVF programs. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Pregnancy, live birth, and implantation rates. RESULT(S): Of 258 consecutive patients who had nonselective assisted hatching, 109 (42%) had clinical pregnancies, with 93 (36%) live births and 178 (20%) embryos implanted. CONCLUSION(S): Nonselective assisted hatching resulted in an acceptable PR and provided an alternative and simplified method for clinical application of assisted hatching.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Enantioselectivity of steroid-induced gamma-aminobutyric acidA receptor modulation and anesthesia.

Neuroactive steroids have been postulated to cause anesthesia by binding to unique steroid recognition sites on gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptors and modulating GABA receptor function. Steroids interact with these sites diastereoselectively, but it is unknown whether steroid sites show enantioselectivity. To address this issue, we synthesized enantiomers to (+)-3alpha-hydroxy-5alpha-androstane-17beta-carbonitrile and (+)-3alpha-hydroxy-5alpha-pregnan-20-one. In this study, we show that potentiation of GABA-mediated currents and gating of the GABA(A) channel by steroids, as well as steroid-induced anesthesia in tadpoles and mice, is enantioselective, with the (+)-enantiomers exhibiting significantly greater potency in all assays. The correlation between the effects of steroid enantiomers on channel behavior and their effects as anesthetics provides strong evidence that GABA(A) receptors play a predominant role in steroid-induced anesthesia. The enantiomers also provide a tool to probe the relative contributions of direct chloride channel activation versus potentiation of GABA-elicited currents to the induction of anesthesia. Studies examining the effects of combinations of (+)- and (-)-3alpha-hydroxy-5alpha-androstane-17beta-carbonitrile were consistent with the hypothesis that potentiation of GABA-activated currents contributes to steroid-induced anesthesia but indicated that direct steroid activation of GABA(A) receptors is not mechanistically important in producing anesthesia.

Androstanols↗
PubMed1996

Prevalence and incidence of NIDDM in Daqing City.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the prevalence and incidence of non-insulin dependent diabetes (NIDDM) in China by WHO criteria. METHODS: In the prevalence survey of NIDDM all 110660 participants (55391 men, 53269 women) were inhabitants of Daqing City, the largest oil center in northeast China, accounting for 87.3% of the 25 to 74 aged population in this city. They were screened by measuring two-hour plasma glucose concentrations (PG2 h) after a breakfast containing at least 80 g of carbohydrate, then a standard oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT, 75 g glucose load) was performed in 4209 subjects with PG2 h more than 6.67 mmol/L in this screen. NIDDM and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) were diagnosed using WHO criteria. Incidence survey was made in 36471 non-diabetics identified in the prevalence survey. Two-hour urine-glucose after breakfast was determined during first screen. The urine-glucose trace or positive subjects were then followed by OGTT. Glucose was measured by glucose oxidation method. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: In prevalence survey, 630 newly diagnosed NIDDM (296 males, 334 females) and 596 IGT (318 males, 278 females) were found in 110660 (male:female = 55391/53269) studied subjects in addition to 190 previously diagnosed NIDDM. Thus the total prevalence of NIDDM was 7.7/1000, and IGT was 5.5/1000. Standardized to the Chinese population in 1982, the prevalences are 12.6/1000 (95% CI = 12.0/1000-13.3/1000) and 7.7/1000 (95% CI = 7.16/1000-8.19/1000) respectively. In the incidence survey, 191 NIDDM (103 males, 88 females) were diagnosed in the 36471 (male:female = 18801/17670) non-diabetics from 1986 to 1990, thus the annual incidence of NIDDM was 131/100000 (137 males, 125 females). Standardized incidence is 131/100000 (95% CI = 94/100000-168/ 100000). It is estimated that there would be more than 700 thousand new diabetics per year in 24-74 years old Chinese if Chinese population were 1.3 billion in the early 21st century.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Limb salvage in primary malignant bone tumors by intraoperative microwave heat treatment.

OBJECTIVE: To use intraoperative microwave heat for the treatment of tumor-bearing bone in situ for limb-salvage in primary malignant bone tumor. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Twenty-five patients with malignant bone tumor received surgical protocol for limb-salvage by wide exposure and intraoperative microwave heat treatment of tumor bone in situ. The tumor was localized at distal femur in 16 patients, proximal tibia in 5, shaft of femur in 2, and illia in 2. RESULTS: The pathological diagnosis revealed osteosarcoma in 16 patients, parosteal osteosarcoma in 4, chondrosarcoma in 3, and leiomyosarcoma in 2. The stage of tumor was classified into IIB in 16 patients, IIA in 6, and IIIB in 3. The operative technique was wide exposure for tumor in soft tissues, protecting the surrounding normal tissue from heat injury by copper mesh, and heating tumor-bearing bone at 50 degrees C for 15 minutes. The patients were followed up from 4 to 180 months (mean, 63 months). The survival rate of 2, 5 and 10 years was 81.3%, 70.4%, and 53.8% respectively. The functional results were less than 50% in 4 patients, between 50% and 75% in 9, and more than 75% in 12, referred to the normal function of a normal limb. The complications consisted of infection in 4 patients, pathological fracture in 4, and separation of epiphysis in 1. Oncological results showed that local recurrences of tumor were in 4 patients, and 6 patients suffered from distant metastasis. CONCLUSION: The treatment is an alternative to replacement by prosthesis or allograft bridging techniques.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

[An ultrastructural study of the ependymoma cells and cells of the ventric zone and neural canal of embryonic brain].

In order to make clear the characteristics of cell differentiation in ependymoma, 12 ependymoma cases were studied with light and electronic microscopy, and the tumor cells were compared with cells of the ventric zone and neural canal from 8 embryonic brains. 10 out of 12 ependymoma cases were also studied with immunohistochemistry staining. According to the ultrastructural findings, four types of ependymoma were classified, namely, the primary neuroectodermal tumor with ependymoblast differentiation, the ependymoblastoma, the ependymoma, and the subependymoma. Some ultrastructural features, such as long intermediate junction and microrosette formation were considered as the important criterion for differential diagnosis,. Neuroendocrine granulas were found in one case of 12 ependymomas which is considered to be heterogenic in differentiation.

Brain↗
PubMed1996

Effects of nicotinamide on prevention and treatment of streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus in rats.

OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of nicotinamide (NAA) on prevention and treatment of STZ-induced diabetes mellitus in rats. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 30 Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided inot three groups: 20 rats were given NAA 1 g/kg/day intramuscularly (10 rats) or orally (10 rats) as experimental groups and the other 10 rats by normal saline orally as control group. Three days later, all 30 rats received streptozotocin (STZ) 55 mg/kg by intraperitioneal injection and took NAA or normal saline continuously as described above for 14 days. During the study, fasting blood glucose (FBG) was measured before and 72 hours after STZ injection and every 2-3 days later on with Glucometer, 24 hours urinary glucose excretion (UGE) was determined once every 4 days with glucose oxidase, body weight was determined every week, the volume of 24-hour water intake and urine excretion were determined twice and once a week respectively. RESULTS: Two weeks after STZ injection, FBG and 24 hours UGE of all rats taking NAA were normal or nearly normal, islet function and morphology revealed no significant differences compared with those of the normal, whereas all rats of control group remained hyperglycemic (> 16.6 mmol/L) and markedly higher 24 hours UGE as compared with the normal islets appeared atrophic with decrement of B cell population. CONCLUSIONS: The results showed that NAA may effectively prevent the occurrence of STZ-induced diabetes mellitus in rats, suggesting that NAA may be an effective agent for prevention and treatment of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) in prediabetic and early stage of IDDM.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

[The effect of local hyperthermia on NK activity and lung metastasis in mice].

OBJECTIVE: To study the effects of local hyperthermia on primary and metastatic focus. METHOD: Animal tumor model was established in C57BL/6 mouse by injecting 5 x 10(5) Lewis lung carcinoma cells into the left foot pad. Ten days later, a tumor mass of 10 x 10 mm was seen, and local hyperthermia was performed at 37, 43, 45 and 47 degrees C for 30 minutes with water bath. 96 mice were randomly divided into four groups of 1, 2, 3, 4 weeks according to time of sacrifice. Every group had 6 mice. RESULTS: NK activity increased after 43-45 degrees C hyperthermia, and was higher than that of the control group (37 degrees C). The growth rate and lung metastasis decreased. CONCLUSION: Host immunity is thought to be enhanced by local hyperthermia and plays an important role in eradicating primary tumor and controlling distant metastasis.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

[Expression of receptor-associated protein of the Heymann nephritis pathogenic epitope in Escherichia coli].

To study the pathological phenotype of pathogen and the mechanism of the immunocomplex in Heymann nephritis, we utilised DNA recombinant technique, to construct plasmid pGEX-R93 by inserting the cDNA encoding of receptor-associated protein of Heymann nephritis (HN) pathogenic epitope into the pGEX. The pGEX-R93 coding region fragment was confirmed by enzyme cutting and sequencing analysis. After the pGEX-R93 was transfected into DH5 alpha, the expression of GST-RAP fusion protein was induced by isopropylthio-beta-D-galactoside are the overproduced protein consituted 39.4% of the total cellular protein. Western blot analysis showed that the antiserum for GST-RAP recognized the 44,000 alpha protein band of natural antigen in HN. In addition, immunofluorescence analysis showed that the antiserum also distinctively recognized the ciliated membrane antigen of the proximal convoluted tubule of the rat kidney.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

[A clinicopathological and immunohistochemical study of 34 cases of chordoma].

UNLABELLED: In order to investigate the clinicopathological and immunohistochemical features of chordomas, 34 chordomas, with 5 chondrosarcomas for comparison, were studied by clinicopathological and immunohistochemical methods. RESULTS: Based on the presence or absence of cartilaginous areas, chordomas are classified into two subtypes: chondroid chordoma (14 cases) and classic chordoma (20 cases). Chondroid chordoma occurred in a younger age group (mean age 40.9 years) than classic chordoma (mean age 51.1 years). 7/14 (50%) of chondroid chordomas occurred in the sacrococcygeal region, 4/ 14 (28.6%) occurred in the spheno-occipital region. Immunohistochemical staining showed that all chordomas were positive for cytokeratin, and 16 (47.1%) chordomas were also positive for EMA. In contrast, 5 chondrosarcomas were immunonegative for both cytokeratin and EMA. Vimentin and S-100 protein were positive in the majority of chordomas (29 & 24 respectively) and in the 5 chondrosarcomas. The present study confirms the dual features of chordoma-epithelial and mesenchymal, and also the utility of immunohistochemical staining in the differential diagnosis of chordoma and chondrosarcoma. The pathologic diagnosis of chondroid chordoma and other issues were also discussed in the study.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Role of transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) in repairing of bone defects.

TGF-beta is a multifunctional cytokine that regulates many aspects of cellular function, including periosteal mesenchymal cell proliferation, differentiation. This experiment is to study its effects on bone defect repair. A rabbit radial bone defect model was used to evaluate the effect of TGF-beta, which was extracted and purified from bovine blood platelets, on the healing of a large segmental osteoperiosteal defect. A 1.5-centimeter segmental defect was created in the mid-upper part of the radial shaft of adult rabbits. The defect was filled with implant containing TGF-beta that consisted of carrier and bovine TGF-beta. Limbs served as controls received carrier alone. The defects were examined radiographically and histologically at 4, 8, 12, 16 and 20 weeks after implantation. The results showed that in TGF-beta implant group, the defect areas at 12 weeks post operation were bridged by uniform new bone and the cut ends of cortex could not be seen; while in control group, the defects remained clear. Only a small amount of new bone formed as a cap on the cut bone ends. In the experimental group, new lamellar and woven bone formed in continuity with the cut ends of the cortex. An early medullar canal appears to be forming and contained normal-appearancing marrow elements; while the control group displayed entirely fibrous tissue within the defect site. Remnants of the cancellous bone carrier were observed in the control specimen. These data demonstrate that exogenous TGF-beta initiate osteogenesis and stimulate the bone defects repair in animal model.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

[A study on non-ulcer dyspepsia patients with electrogastrography and gastric emptying by using SPECT technique].

Non-ulcer dyspepsia (NUD) is very common in community population. However, its pathogenesis was controversial, particularly with respect to motility disorder. In this study electrogastrogram (EGG) and gastric emptying rate (GER) by using SPECT technique (test meal labelled with 99mTc-PHY and 113In-DTPA) were carried out in healthy subjects and 27 NUD patients. In EGG examination, the authors first proposed four parameters, i.e. peak time (PT), return time (RT), degeneration rate (DR) and arrhythemia rate (AR). Comparison of EGG between NUD patients and controls showed that AR, RT, DR in NUD patients were significantly higher or longer than these in the controls (P > 0.05). Solid phase GET in NUD patients were significantly delayed than that in the controls. No significant correlation was found between EGG and GET. A delay gastric emptying cannot be predicted with EGG examination only.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

[Expression of P16 protein in pancreatic carcinoma].

In order to investigate the prognostic value of P16 protein in the prediction for patient with pancreatic carcinoma, we examined the expression of P16 protein in 50 cases of pancreatic carcinoma by immunohistochemical staining. The results showed that P16 protein positive rate was 56% (28/50) and the immunoreaction was in the cytoplasm of cancer cell. The expression of P16 protein did not correlate with histological grade, but with lymph node metastasis (P < 0.05). Our results indicate that P16 protein expression may be a promising predictor for the prognosis of patients with pancreatic carcinoma, i.e. carcinoma being positive for P16 protein may have a better prognosis than the negative one.

Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast↗
PubMed1996

[The experimental study on expression of BMP3 gene during fracture healing].

The role of BMP3 in fracture repair and its basic mechanisms at the molecular aspect has been studied. Fourty-eight New Zealand white rabbits with the fractures in the middle of bilateral radial shafts were used as animal models, and divided randomly into six groups for calluses at the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 6th and 8th week after the onset of fracture. The levels and the cellular localizations of expression of BMP3 mRNA were investigated with the nucleotide hybridization techniques. The results revealed that BMP3 gene expression was highly increased in the early phase of fracture repair, and reached its peak at the second week (about 3.4-fold of that of the normal control). The strong expression of BMP3 gene was localized in mesenchymal cells, chondroblasts and osteoblasts. The results suggest that BMP3 plays an important role of bone-induction in the early stage of fracture repair and it works by the way of autocrine or/and paracrine pathway.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

[The effect of implantation of reconstituted bone xenograft on the production of IL-2].

The present study is designed to investigate any possible effect of implantation of reconstituted bone xenograft (RBX) on the production of IL-2 by T-lymphocytes in female BALB/C mice model. IL-2 levels were elevated in all of the operated groups on the second day, suggesting a stress reaction to trauma caused by operative intervention rather than an immune response to RBX or bBMP. IL-2 production declined significantly on the 7th (P < 0.05) and 14th days (P < 0.01) in RBX and bBMP groups, an evidence of inhibiting effect of RBX on the T-lymphocyte function leading to lowered secretion of IL-2 by spleen T-cells in BALB/C mice. There was no significant difference in lowering of IL-2 secretion between the RBX and bBMP groups as seen when either was compared with the bCB group, suggesting an inhibiting action induced by BMP. The results demonstrated that RBX implantation was not associated with appreciable rejection in that activation, and proliferation of T-cells were inhibited and the secretion of cytokines was lowered resulting in suppressed cellular immunity. We are further convinced that RBX as an immuno-regulating cytokine possesses strong osteo-inductive potential without evoking rejection.

Animals↗