[Advances in the chemotherapy of osteosarcoma].
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Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
Biomedical subjects
Y Hu
Publications and source records attributed to Y Hu.
[Changes of corneal topography and refraction after radial keratotomy and its combination with transverse incision].
OBJECTIVE: In order to understand the changes of morphology and refractive power of cornea after radial keratotomy (RK) and its combination with transverse incision (T-incision), and the wound healing of the T-incision. METHODS: Corneal topography aided with a computer was used to analyze the changes of patients having undergone RK and RK combined with T-incision. The wound healing was analyzed, and the refractive powers of strong axis and weak axis of corneas were measured. RESULTS: Corneal surface regularity index (SRI) and surface asymmetry index (SAI) became greater and greater along with the increase of myopia-astigmatism. The refractive powers of corneal visual area 3, 5, 7 mm decreased when getting closer to the center of the cornea. The refractive power of the strong axis in cornea with RK combined with T-incision obviously decreased more than that of RK. There was no such difference at weak axis between RK and RK combined with T-incision. CONCLUSIONS: Corneal SAI and SRI will increase when myopia-astigmatism increases. The morphologic changes are from positive non-spherical lens before surgery to negative non-spherical lens after surgery. The increase of radius of curvature and the decrease of refractive power are due to incisions. These phenomena become clearer when the incision getting closer to the visual area or more incisions are performed. A T-incision less than 2 mm long along the strong axis of astigmatism not only can lessen refractive power of strong axis, but also can not affect RK results. This kind of T-incision does not delay the wound healing either.
Adolescent↗
[Research of daunomycin as an agent for preventing posterior capsule opacification].
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the inhibitory activity and the effective concentration of daunomycin against the proliferation of lens epithelial cells in vitro, and make progress in pharmacological prevention of posterior capsule opacification. METHODS: Cultured bovine, rabbit and human lens epithelial cells were exposed to 0.5, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5 and 10.0 micrograms/ml daunomycin solution for ten minutes. Growth of cells was observed, after 48 hours of exposure, absorbency of the cells was tested by using Giemsa staining and colorimetry, and the median lethal dose (LD50) was calculated respectively. RESULTS: Daunomycin significantly suppressed the proliferation of bovine, rabbit and human lens epithelial cells in vitro, showing dose-dependent manner. Daunomycin can effectively inhibit the proliferation of human lens epithelial cells at the concentration of 0.5 microgram/ml, almost reaching the greatest effect at the concentration of 7.5 micrograms/ml. The calculated LD50 for bovine, rabbit and human lens epithelial cells was 0.49, 4.30 and 4.06 micrograms/ml respectively. CONCLUSION: Short time exposure of daunomycin at low concentration can effectively inhibit the proliferation of lens epithelial cells in vitro, after further research in vivo, daunomycin may possibly become a valuable agent for the prevention of posterior capsule opacification.
Adult↗
[Mutagenicity and carcinogenicity of nabumetone].
To study the mutagenicity and carcinogenicity of Nabumetone, we conducted Ames test (TA97, TA98, TA100, TA102), micronucleus test(MN) in mice marrow, chromosomal aberration assay(CA) in CHL cells in vitro, CA in germ cells from testes of mice, and cell transformation test of Syrian hamster embryo(SHE) cells. The maximum concentration was 500 micrograms/plate in Ames test with and without S9 mix. The mice were treated orally(gavage) daily for 4 days in 3 doses in which the maximum dose was 60% LD50 and sampled at the 5th day in MN. The maximum concentration was the dose that the growth of 50% of cells was inhibited in CA of CHL. Cells were harvested after recultured for 18 hours in fresh medium after treatment for 6 hours in the test with S9 mix, and after treatment for 24 or 48 hours in the without S9 mix. The mice were treated orally(gavage) daily for 5 days in 3 doses in which the maximum dose was 1/4 LD50 and sampled at the 6th day in CA of germ cells from testes of mice. 2 micrograms/ml was chosen as the maximum concentration in the cell transformation test of SHE cells, and result was observed after treatment for 9 days, All the tests obtained the same negative result as that reported by other investigators.
Animals↗
[Evaluation on ISGP classification of endometrial hyperplasia in clinical application].
To evaluate clinical application of International Society of Gynecologic Pathologists Classification of endometrial hyperplasia 424 patients with endome trial hyperplasia were treated in our hospital from Sept. 1989 to Feb. 1995. Our of these cases, 339 were simple hyperplasia, 28 were complex hyperplasia and 57 atypical hyperplasia. We made an analysis of the cases of complex and atypical hyperplasia in terms of the ISGP classification. The total rate of curettage was 63.5%. The agreement rate for pathologic diagnoses before and after operation was 78%. Under the age of 40, 18 patients had atypical hyperplasia and 15 of them underwent hysterectomy. Eight patients had complex hyperplasia and 3 of them underwent hysterectomy. Above the age of 40, 39 patients had atypical hyperplasia and 30 of them had uterus removed. Twenty patients had complex hyperplasia and 12 of them had uterus removed. These suggest that the ISGP pathologic diagnostic method is good to avoid overdiagnosis and overtreatment. Yet, diagnostic curettage is still the best means in diagnosis before operation.
Adult↗
[Mechanism of protective action of Phyllanthus urinaria L. against injuries of liver cells].
It has been found out that the carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced increase of serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (ALT) and elevation of MDA in liver of mice are significantly lowered by Phyllanthus urinaria in vivo, and the coincubation of isolated rat hepatocytes with Phyllanthus urinaria in vitro significantly inhibits CCl4-induced decrease of mobility of membrane of liver cells and increase of intracellular free Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i) concentrations of liver cells. These results suggest that the anti-lipid peroxidation effect and protective action of membrane of Phyllanthus urinaria may be related to its protective action against CCl4-induced liver injuries.
Alanine Transaminase↗
[Metastases to the mediastinal lymph nodes in lung cancer and their extensive dissection].
OBJECTIVE: To study the metastatic frequency, distribution and feature of mediastinal nodes in lung cancer and to establish criteria for nodal dissection. METHODS: Clinical data of 386 patients who underwent resection of lung cancers in the past 9 years were analyzed retrospectively. Based on the distribution map of mediastinal lymph nodes developed by Naruke, ipsilateral hilar and mediastinal nodes were resected. RESULTS: 147 cases (38.1%) had mediastinal nodal involvement (N2). A total of 289 groups of nodes were dissected. The rate of N2 disease among squamous-cell, adeno-, small-cell and large-cell carcinomas was 30.1%, 44.1%, 48.0% and 50.0%, respectively. In 71 cases with N2 disease in the upper lobes, 146 groups of N2 nodes were resected, including 124 groups in the upper mediastinum (84.9%) and 22 groups in the lower mediastinum (15.1%). In 76 cases with N2 nodes in the lower and middle lobes, 143 groups of N2 nodes were dissected, including 76 groups in the upper mediastinum (53.1%) and 67 groups in the lower mediastinum (46.9%). Saltatory metastases occurred in 79 patients, accounting for 53.7% of N2 nodes and in 16 cases that occurred in the mediastinum (10.9%). CONCLUSION: The feature of mediastinal lymph node metastases in lung cancer may be saltatory and multiple. Cure can be achieved only after extensive dissection of the upper and lower mediastinal nodes.
Adenocarcinoma↗
[Direct protection of injured primary cultured hepatocytes of rats treated with carbon tetrachloride by salvianic acid B].
The incorporation of [3H]thymidine obviously tends to decrease in the primary cultured hepatocytes of rats when the cells are treated with carbon tetrachloride. Meanwhile the activity of ALT markedly increases in the medium. But these pathologic alterations are inhibited by Salvianic acid B(SA-B) and the effect of 10(-6) mol/L SA-B is the best.
Alanine Transaminase↗
[Determination and analysis of masticatory performance of unilateral free-end removable partial denture].
In this study, the changes of masticatory performance of 30 cases (18 males, 12 females) wearing unilateral free-end removable partial dentures were studied before wearing, 1 week, 1 month and 3 months after wearing by using the light absorption method and peanuts as test food. The results showed: 1. The masticatory performance before wearing unilateral free-end removable partial denture was predominantly lower than that of normal control group. The more teeth lost, the lower unilateral masticatory performance was observed. When the number of lost teeth was few, patients compensated and maintained their masticatory performance before swallowing. 2. The masticatory performance was gradually improved with wearing denture period increasing. 3. Factors relating to the masticatory performance were sex, the extent of alveolar bone resorption and age. Except sex, the extent of alveolar bone resorption and age factors were negative correlative with the masticatory performance; However the number of occlusal units lost, chewing habit and the kinds of denture base materials had no relation to the masticatory performance.
Adult↗
[The detection of human immunodeficiency virus type 1/2 antibody using synthetic peptides].
Four peptides of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) located in the regions of gp41, gp120, p24 of HIV-1 and gp36 of HIV-2 have been synthesized according to the published amino acid sequences and the positions of antigenetic determinants of viruses by a solid-phase method. An indirect ELISA for detecting antibody against HIV 1/2 was established using these synthetic peptides as the coating antigens. We detected 41 control sera provided by National Institute for the Control of Pharmaceutical and Biological Products. The results indicated that the general coincident rate were 100%, the variant coefficient was less than 10%. A comparison of our reagent with Huayi, Pasteur and Jinhao reagents in detection of 90 positive sera and 140 normal sera for HIV-1/2 showed that the coincident rate was 100% with Pasteur and Jinhao, 99.57% with Huayi. All of 186 sera from patients with other diseases were negative. The reagent are stable at 37 degrees C for 4 days. The results indicated that our reagent is highly specific, sensitive and stable, it can be used for detection of HIV-1/2 infections.
Antibodies, Viral↗
[Determination of pseudouridine in serum by high performance liquid chromatography].
Pseudouridine is a modified nucleoside derived from the degradation of transfer ribonucleic acid. The elevation of modified nucleosides in urine has been suggested to be caused by higher turnover rate of t-RNA in tumor tissue than in healthy tissue, rather than by cell death. A method of pseudouridine determination in serum was developed by high-performance liquid chromatography on a Nova-Pak column (Waters) with 0.04 mol/L KH2PO4 (pH 4.0) as mobile phase. The blood samples were collected and 0.6 mL of serum was treated with 0.4 mL 6% HClO4. The precipitate was centrifuged for 10 min at 3000 r/min. Five-hundred microL of the liquor was dried by air-stream at 60 degrees C. The residue was dissolved with 300 microL mobile phase and 10 microL was injected. The average recovery was 93.50 +/- 2.1%. The calibration curve was linear within the concentration range of 0.7-6.8 micromol/L. The serum pseudouridine concentrations for patients with hepatitis, lung cancer, nephritis and uremia were determined and those of patients with lung cancer and uremia were found significantly higher than those of healthy controls (p<0.05). And for patients treated with He-Ne laser no significant change of the pseudouridine hasn't been found (p<0.05).
Adolescent↗
Genetic polymorphism of human CYP2E1: characterization of two variant alleles.
Ethanol-inducible CYP2E1 is an enzyme of major toxicological interest because it metabolizes several precarcinogens, drugs, and solvents to reactive metabolites. CYP2E1 has also been implicated in alcohol liver disease because of its contribution to oxidative stress. Previously, polymorphic alleles with mutations in introns and in the 5'-flanking regulatory region have been described, and their presence has been related to the incidence of alcohol liver disease and lung cancer. In the present investigation, we investigated whether any functional mutations are linked to the above-mentioned rare alleles and also screened for mutations in the open reading frame using single-stranded conformation polymorphism and genomic DNA from almost 200 individuals belonging to either a Chinese, an Italian, or a Swedish population. Two new CYP2E1 gene variants were found with functional mutations: one (CYP2E1*2) in which a G1168A point mutation in exon 2 caused an R76H amino acid substitution, and the other (CYP2E1*3) in which a G10059A base substitution in exon 8 yielded a V3891 amino acid exchange. The corresponding CYP2E1 cDNAs were constructed, subcloned into the pCMV4 expression vector, and expressed in COS-1 cells. The cellular levels of CYP2E1 mRNA, CYP2E1 protein, and rate of chlorzoxazone hydroxylation were monitored. The CYP2E1*3 cDNA variant was indistinguishable from the wild-type cDNA on all variables investigated, whereas CYP2E1*2 cDNA, although yielding similar amounts of mRNA, only caused 37% of the protein expression and 36% of the catalytic activity compared with the wild-type cDNA. Complete screening by single-stranded conformation polymorphism of the three populations studied revealed that these variant alleles were rare. We conclude that the human CYP2E1 gene is functionally surprisingly well conserved compared with other cytochrome P450 enzymes active in drug metabolism, which suggests an important endogenous function in humans.
Alleles↗
[Analysis of genome-type, serovar and antibiotic susceptibility of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated in Beijing Hospital China in 1991 to 1993].
We analyzed the in vitro antibiotic susceptibility pattern and serovar for 192 strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated at Beijing Hospital(China) from October 1991 to October 1993. The frequency of resistant strains was high, more than 15%, for ceftazidime, cefsulodin, cefoperazone, aztreonam, gentamicin, tobramycin, tosufloxacin, ofloxacin and fosfomycin. The incidence of resistants against piperacillin and imipenem was significantly low. Among the 192 strains, 16 were designated as being multi-drug resistant strains(i.e.; resistant to more than 8 drugs out of 11 drugs), and all of the multi-drug resistant strains were isolated from inpatients. Predominant serovar of 192 strains were 60(31.3%) for G, 28(14.7%) for E, and 24(12.5%) for I. Multi-drug resistant strains have no characteristic serovar. Restriction enzyme SpeI digestion analysis(using pulse field electrophoresis) of P. aeruginosa-genome yielded several common patterns, and was shown to be useful for tracing the route of nosocomial infection. Further, isolates with closely related genome type, in which the size of one digested band was different, showed a different minimum inhibitory concentration of fosfomycin in one genome type or new quinolones in the other genome type. Analysis of genome type and antibiotic susceptibility pattern may exhibit the antibiotic resistant gene.
Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
Comparison of acid anhydrides with carboxylic acids in enantioselective enzymatic esterification of racemic menthol.
Optical resolution of racemic menthol has been efficiently achieved by lipase-catalyzed enantioselective esterification in an organic solvent. The performance of the reaction using an acid anhydride as an acyl donor was compared with that using its corresponding free acid. The reactivities of acid anhydrides were found to be higher than their corresponding free acids, but acid anhydrides were also found to be easily hydrolyzed into free acids under the catalysis of the same enzyme. The existence of a too-high concentration of an acid anhydride in a micro-aqueous reaction system will cause dehydration and thus deactivation of the enzyme, and will enhance non-selective esterification of a chiral alcohol, which will reduce the optical purity of the product. All these drawbacks, however, could be effectively overcome in a semi-batch reaction system into which propionic anhydride was continuously fed. This system showed some advantages over a batch reaction system using free propionic acid: the reaction time of dl-menthol was shortened by half, the stability of the enzyme was much enhanced, and the optical purity of the product (l-menthyl ester) was kept at a similarly high level (> 98% ee).
Acids↗
[A CR-self-adjusting data compression algorithm based on complex Fourier transform].
A CR-self-adjusting data compression algorithm based on complex Fourier transform is presented in this paper. Because of the application of CFFT algorithm, the CR is doulbled with high fidelity without the operations of QRS complex detection, wave form analysis and difference calculation.
Algorithms↗
[Effect of exercise on glucose transporter gene expression in diabetic rat skeletal muscle].
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of the exercise on glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) gene expression in skeletal muscles of rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes. METHODS: Three experiment groups of rats were investigated: diabetic non-exercise group; diabetic exercise group; and normal controls. Diabetic exercise rats were swim-trained for 6 weeks. The GULT4 mRNA of skeletal muscle cells was determined with dot blot. RESULTS: There was weak gene expression of GULT4 in diabetic rats, and dot blot revealed that the GLUT4 mRNA decrease 54.9% in skeletal muscle cells compared with the normal control. After 6 weeks exercise training, the hyperglycemia of diabetic exercise rats decreased significantly (from 18.5 +/- 1.9 mmol/L to 14.0 +/- 3.3 mmol/L, t = 4.64 P < 0.01). In muscle cells of diabetic exercise rats, the GLUT4 mRNA increased 56% as compared with the diabetic rats (t = 15.56, P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: Chronic hyperglycemia may inhibit the gene expression of GLUT4 in diabetic rats, which caused the post-receptor insulin resistance in peripheral tissue. Exercise training can improve the impaired GLUT4 expression in diabetic rats, which may contribute to the mechanisms of enhanced insulin sensitivity and decreased hyperglycemia in diabetics mellitus.
Animals↗
[Progresses in the study of pediatrics].
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Animals↗
[A correlation study on homocysteine metabolism in pregnant women and neural tube defects in urban and rural areas].
Serum levels of homocysteine, folic acid and vitamin B12 in pregnant women in urban and rural areas were compared to study the relationship between homocysteine metabolism and neural tube defects. Four hundred and eleven serum specimens were sampled randomly from a serum bank for women with early pregnancy in Beijing area, 195 from urban and 216 from rural. Their levels of homocysteine were determined by high performance liquid chromatography combined with electrochemical methods, and those of folic acid and vitamin B12 by radioimmunoassay. Results showed that level of homocysteine was significantly higher in rural pregnant women than that in urban, with 9.31 mumol/L and 5.73 mumol/L, respectively, level of vitamin B12 was lower in rural than that in urban women, with 210.09 pmol/L and 233.35 pmol/L, respectively, and level of folic acid was higher in rural than that in urban women, but no significant difference in deficiency of folic acid between rural and urban was found. The average ratio of folic acid to homocysteine and that of vitamin B12 to homocysteine were higher in rural than those in urban women. It suggests that abnormal metabolism of homocysteine usually correlates with high incidence of neural tube defects in rural area.
Adult↗