We evaluated the expression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in 21 patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC) by immunohistochemical staining of frozen tumor sections using a monoclonal antibody for EGFR and by a ligand binding method using radiolabeled epidermal growth factor. EGFR was detected in 16 of the 21 cases by ligand binding, while 11 of the 21 cases were detected by immunohistochemical staining. A significant correlation was observed between the two methods in detecting EGFR (p < 0.0001). EGFR was detected by the ligand binding method in all patients who died of RCC. Four cases that were graded as EGFR-negative on immunohistochemistry died of RCC. Observations suggest the ligand binding method was more sensitive than the immunohistochemical method in detecting EGFR and forecasting patient survival.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

A comparison of five adhesive systems to primary enamel.

PURPOSE: This study compared resin adhesion of five adhesive systems to primary enamel. METHODS: The labial surfaces of 115 bovine mandibular primary incisors and five different adhesive systems were used. Effects of tooth surface conditioners were observed using SEM. Shear bond strengths were tested, and the test surfaces of enamel and resin specimens were observed using SEM. RESULTS: All-Etch, 10-3 solution, and K-etchant were effective tooth surface conditioners. In the nonthermocycled groups, the bond strengths of Superbond D Liner, All Bond 2, and Scotchbond Multi Purpose adhesive systems were significantly higher than those of Ketchant/Clearfil Photo Bond, and Clearfil Liner Bond adhesive systems (P < 0.01). However, in the thermocycled groups, no significant difference was obtained among the adhesive systems for bond strength. No correlation was found between the enamel-resin fracture mode and bond strength for any of the adhesive systems. CONCLUSIONS: We disagree with the theory that the use of the latest developed adhesive resin systems significantly enhance bonding of resin to primary enamel.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Fluoridated light-activated bonding resin adhesion to enamel and dentin: primary vs. permanent.

PURPOSE: This study compared fluoridated bonding resin adhesion to primary enamel (Group 1), primary dentin (Group 2), permanent enamel (Group 3), and permanent dentin (Group 4). METHODS: The buccal surfaces of 24 primary molars and 24 premolars were used. The bonding system and resin composite used in this study were Imperva Fluorobond and Lite-Fil IIA (Shofu Inc., Kyoto, Japan). Effects of tooth surface conditioning by FB primer were observed using SEM (N = 2/group). Shear bond strengths (SBS) were tested, and the test surfaces of enamel, dentin, and resin specimens were observed using SEM (N = 10/group). Data was statistically analyzed using one-way ANOVA with subsequent post hoc Duncan's new multiple range test at P < 0.05. RESULTS: Effects of tooth surface conditioning by FB primer were appropriate to dentin but low to enamel. Means and standard deviations of the SBS for each group were: Group 1 (16.34, 5.53 MPa), Group 2 (15.06, 7.02 MPa), Group 3 (14.39, 6.52 MPa) and Group 4 (15.45, 5.35 MPa). There was no significant difference of SBS among Groups 1, 2, 3, and 4. CONCLUSION: Imperva Fluorobond system gave the same level of bond strength to primary enamel, primary dentin, permanent enamel, and permanent dentin.

Acid Etching, Dental↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Microhardness of carious deciduous dentin.

The purpose of this study was to measure the microhardness values of deciduous dentin and to compare the values as a function of position in the caries-affected layers of dentin including transparent, adjacent sound dentin, and dentin regions far from and not related to caries. Seven extracted or exfoliated deciduous anterior teeth that had dentin caries on a proximal surface were sectioned parallel to the long axis of the tooth. Ten sectioned and polished specimens were dehydrated and dried. Microhardness was measured with a Knoop indenter and correlated with wet-SEM micrographs. All data were statistically analyzed using a two-way ANOVA with subsequent Tukey-Kramer multiple comparison tests at p < 0.05. The hardness decreased from the dentinoenamel junction to the pulp chamber wall, except for the region under the caries. The hardness values of the region under the caries were significantly lower than those of other regions except for the inner region. For both the carious and sound sides, the hardness values of the inner region were significantly lower than those of the outer and middle regions. In comparing the hardness among regions in the carious and sound sides, the hardness of the outer, middle, and inner regions on the carious side was significantly lower than those in the sound side.

Analysis of Variance↗

PubMedDate not supplied

The nano-hardness and elastic modulus of carious and sound primary canine dentin.

This study measured the nanohardness and elastic modulus- of carious and sound primary canine dentin and compared the values obtained under the lesion and in sound regions of incisal, center and cervical areas, and outer, middle and inner layers. Six extracted or exfoliated primary canines (three with dentin caries on both proximal surfaces and three sound teeth) were mesiodistally sectioned parallel to the long axis of the tooth and polished. The hardness (H), plastic hardness (PH) and Young's modulus (Y) were measured by a nano-indentation tester. Ten indentations at intervals of 10 microm on all regions, areas and layers were made using a load of 1 gf for one second. All indentations were observed using a microscope attached to the tester. All data were statistically analyzed using ANOVA and Scheffe's test at p < 0.05. For sound teeth, the H, PH and Y values of the inner layer were significantly lower than the outer and middle layers in all areas. The H, PH and Y values of the cervical area were significantly lower than the incisal area in almost all of the outer, middle and inner layers. For carious teeth, the H, PH and Y values of the inner layer were significantly lower than the outer and middle layers in the center area. For the center area, the H, PH and Y values under the lesion were significantly lower than sound teeth in the outer and middle layers. Dentin under the lesion, near the pulp and cervical areas showed significantly lower nanohardness and elasticity.

Analysis of Variance↗