Biomedical subjects

Y Horii

Publications and source records attributed to Y Horii.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources

PubMed1993

Persistent infection of Strongyloides venezuelensis and normal expulsion of Nippostrongylus brasiliensis in Mongolian gerbils, Meriones unguiculatus, with reference to the cellular responses in the intestinal mucosa.

The kinetics of daily faecal egg count, worm burdens, and intestinal cellular responses were examined in Mongolian gerbils after infection with either Strongyloides venezuelensis or Nippostrongylus brasiliensis alone, or concurrently with both parasites. The results show that, both in individual and concurrent infections, S. venezuelensis infection persisted for over 10 weeks and elicited a gradual increase in number of mast cells in the jejunal mucosa. On the other hand, N. brasiliensis worms were expelled by 3 weeks in association with goblet cell hyperplasia. These results suggest that effector/regulator cells involved in worm expulsion are different and highly selective depending on the genus of intestinal helminths.

Animals↗

PubMed1993

Defective mucosal immunity and normal systemic immunity of Mongolian gerbils, Meriones unguiculatus, to reinfection with Strongyloides venezuelensis.

The systemic and local protective activity of Mongolian gerbils was examined after re-infection with Strongyloides venezuelensis. Mongolian gerbils were unable to expel S. venezuelensis adult worms from the intestine for over ten weeks after a primary infection. Therefore, immune animals were prepared by treating with mebendazole four weeks after a primary infection and then they were challenged by different maturation stages of the parasite; subcutaneous inoculation with the infective larvae (L3) obtained by faecal culture, oral administration of L3 obtained from the lungs of rats three days after a primary infection, or oral implantation of adult worms obtained from the intestines of rats seven days after a primary infection. The results show that, although immune animals were highly resistant against challenge infection by subcutaneous inoculation with cultured L3, they were unable to expel orally administered lung-recovered L3 nor orally implanted adult worms. Although potentiated mastocytosis was induced by challenge infections with lung-recovered L3 and adult worms, all mast cells were formalin-resistant, heparin-containing cells and never seen in the epithelial layer. In spite of the defective protective capacity at the intestinal mucosa, circulating antibody production specific to S. venezuelensis adult as well as L3 antigen was positive. Therefore, the inability of Mongolian gerbils to expel S. venezuelensis adult worms from the intestine seems to be due to the defects of effector/regulator cells, presumably mast cells, but not due to immune unresponsiveness to parasite antigen.

Animals↗

PubMed1993

Three cases with different types of short-tailed spermatozoa.

Short-tailed spermatozoa were found in 3 men attending our subfertility clinic. Light microscopy revealed basically normal sperm heads, but a short tail was found in 90% or more of the spermatozoa. Scanning and transmission electron-microscopic examinations of the ejaculate revealed several types of short-tailed spermatozoa. In one case, the majority of the spermatozoa had a short, thick tail. In another case, all the spermatozoa were short-tailed, although two different types could be distinguished. As in the first case some spermatozoa were short- and thick-tailed, whereas others possessed an incomplete neck and middle piece, and a short, thick principal piece. In the third case, an elongated middle piece and short principal piece were found in almost all the short-tailed spermatozoa. Our electron-microscopic study revealed that the type of short-tailed spermatozoa was different in each patient.

Adult↗

PubMed1993

Effects of shock waves on the male reproductive system.

Although many reports concerning the effects of shock waves on the human body have been published, their effects on the male reproductive system are not well known. This report examines the effects of shock waves on human spermatozoa and rat testes. Semen samples were placed in water at 37 degrees C and 100, 200, 500, and 1,000 shock waves were applied. In proportion to an increasing number of shock waves, sperm motility and the percentage of viable sperm decreased, while the percentage of short-tailed sperm increased. In a second study 500 or 1,000 shock waves were applied to the testes of infant and adult male Wistar rats. Hematomas were observed macroscopically in the testes immediately after shock wave treatment. Light microscopy showed rupture of the basement membrane of the seminiferous tubules and outflow of spermatogenic cells. After 5 weeks, the treated testes appeared atrophic, with the absence of spermatogenic cells in the seminiferous tubules, except for Sertoli cells. Our data indicate that spermatozoa and the testis appear to be structurally damaged by shock waves.

Animals↗

PubMed1993

[Microsurgical vasovasostomy and epididymovasostomy for seminal tract obstruction: cause of obstruction and operative outcome].

The surgical outcome in 42 patients with seminal tract obstruction who underwent microsurgical vasovasostomy or epididymovasostomy and were followed up for more than 3 months postoperatively is reported. Causes of the obstruction were vasectomy in 7 patients, childhood inguinal herniorrhaphy in 15, epididymitis in 5, Young's syndrome in 3 and others in 12. Twenty-eight patients had bilateral obstruction while 14 had unilateral obstruction. After 51 operations, including 11 reoperation in 9 patients, the anastomosis was patent in 83.3%, semen quality normalized in 21.4% and pregnancy was achieved in 31.0% of the 42 patients. Success rate of vasovasostomy and epididymovasostomy was 57.7% and 78.3%, respectively. Factors detrimentally affecting the operative outcome were obstruction due to Young's syndrome, obstruction for more than 10 years, absence of sperm in vasal fluid during the operation, elevated serum FSH levels and presence of seminal tract anomaly. Presence of serum antisperm antibodies had no effect on pregnancy rate. Microsurgical reanastomosis of the seminal tract resulted in restoration of fertility in many patients with seminal tract obstruction who had normal testicular spermatogenesis.

Adult↗

PubMed1993

Immunohistochemical localization of advanced glycosylation end products in coronary atheroma and cardiac tissue in diabetes mellitus.

Advanced glycosylation end products (AGEs) accumulate on long-lived extracellular matrix proteins and have been implicated in the micro- and macrovascular complications of diabetes mellitus. Within the arterial wall, AGE-modified proteins increase vascular permeability, inactivate nitric oxide activity, and induce the release of growth-promoting cytokines. Recently developed anti-AGE antibodies were used in an immunohistochemical analysis of coronary arteries obtained from type II diabetic and nondiabetic patients. High levels of AGE reactivity were observed within the atherosclerotic plaque present in vessels from selected patients with diabetes. Considered together with the pathological effects of AGEs on vascular wall homeostasis, these data support the role of advanced glycosylation in the rapidly progressive atherosclerosis associated with diabetes mellitus.

Aged↗

PubMed1993

[Malignant fibrous histiocytoma of the spermatic cord: a case report].

A case of malignant fibrous histiocytoma of the spermatic cord is reported. A 44-year-old man was admitted because of a painless, gradually enlarging mass in the left scrotum. Local tumor excision and subsequent radical inguinal orchidectomy was performed. The histological diagnosis was malignant fibrous histiocytoma. There were no signs of recurrence or metastasis 8 months after the operation. Malignant fibrous histiocytoma in the spermatic cord is rare. We reviewed 34 previously reported cases. The rate of local recurrence and distant metastasis are 34.5% and 17.2%, respectively.

Adult↗

PubMed1993

Urinary levels of IL-6 in patients with active lupus nephritis.

Using the IL-6 dependent hybridoma, MH60.BSF2, we measured urinary levels of interleukin 6 (IL-6) in 29 patients with active lupus nephritis. We detected IL-6 activity in the urine of 24 (83%) of 29 patients before the initiation of therapy. The median value of urinary IL-6 levels in patients with a histologic diagnosis of WHO class IV on renal biopsy was significantly higher than that in patients with other classes (p < 0.01). After treatment, urinary levels of IL-6 decreased significantly (p < 0.001). These data suggest that urinary levels of IL-6 may be a valuable tool for monitoring the progression of lupus nephritis.

Biomarkers↗

PubMed1993

Role of interleukin-6 in the progression of mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis.

Mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis (mesPGN) is histologically characterized by proliferation of mesangial cells (MC), suggesting the involvement of a growth factor for MC in the pathogenesis of mesPGN. We have previously shown that interleukin-6 (IL-6) induces proliferation of cultured rat mesangial cells, and urine samples from patients with IgA nephropathy contain high level of IL-6 activity. We have also demonstrated that transgenic mice carrying a human IL-6 genomic gene showed severe mesangial proliferation and matrix enlargement. Urinary samples of patients with lupus nephritis as well as IgA nephropathy contain significant IL-6 activity. Over a ten month follow-up, a positive correlation between the urinary IL-6 and pathological score was observed. Hence, measurement of urinary IL-6 can be used as a good indicator for monitoring IgA nephropathy and lupus nephritis. Using RT-PCR methods, IL-6 mRNA was detected in the glomeruli of renal biopsy specimens obtained from patients with IgA nephropathy and lupus nephritis.

Animals↗

PubMed1993

Immune-mediated alteration of the terminal sugars of goblet cell mucins in the small intestine of Nippostrongylus brasiliensis-infected rats.

Alteration of terminal sugars of goblet cell mucins in the small intestinal mucosa was examined by lectin histochemistry in rats infected with Nippostrongylus brasiliensis. To see whether alteration of the nature of mucins was regulated by the local immune system, adult worms were implanted intraduodenally into recipient rats of various immune status. When 7-day-old ('normal') adult worms were implanted into naive euthymic rats, about 60% remained until day 7 and then were expelled. The number of goblet cells transiently decreased on day 5 and then progressively increased from day 9 onwards. In parallel with the hyperplasia, mucins in and released from goblet cells strongly expressed terminal N-acetyl-D-galactosamine which was specifically recognized by Helix pomatia agglutinin (HPA). When 13-day-old ('damaged') adult worms were implanted into naive euthymic rats, they were rapidly expelled by day 9 in association with hastened goblet cell hyperplasia and the alteration of terminal sugars of the mucins. Hastened worm expulsion, goblet cell hyperplasia and alteration of terminal sugars of the mucins were also observed when 'normal' worms were implanted into immune recipients. On the other hand, after implantation of 'normal' worms into hypothymic (rnu/rnu) rats, goblet cell hyperplasia or the alteration of terminal sugars of the mucins was almost completely absent. These results suggest that alteration of sugar residues of goblet cell mucins, especially the strong expression of terminal N-acetyl-D-galactosamine, is regulated by the host's immune system and seems to be important in the expulsion of N. brasiliensis.

Animals↗

PubMed1993

[Complications in urological laparoscopic surgery].

Laparoscopic surgery is often associated with complications which never occur in open conventional surgery. We investigated operative and postoperative complications in urological laparoscopic surgery. From February 1990 to November 1992, 91 laparoscopic operations were performed, including 62 varicocelectomies, 5 pelvic lymphadenectomies, 6 adrenalectomies, 5 simple nephrectomies, 2 radical nephrectomies, 1 staged Fowler-Stephens operation and 10 laparoscopies for cryptorchidism or other disorders. The patients ranged from 3 months to 77 years old. Nine (9.9%) of the 91 patients had complications associated with laparoscopic procedures and 4 (4.4%) of them had major complications. Pneumoextraperitoneum occurred in 3 patients. Two patients, who suffered from preperitoneal insufflation or pneumothorax associated with pneumomediastinum, failed to undergo laparoscopy. A small amount of scrotal emphysema developed in one patient, which subsided within 12 hours. Another patient, who underwent radical nephrectomy and para-aortic lymphadenectomy for left renal cell carcinoma, complained of symptoms due to persistent pneumoperitoneum and subcutaneous emphysema, which subsided 2 weeks after the operation. Respiratory acidosis caused by carbon dioxide absorption, which was difficult to be controlled, occurred in the other two patients; one was an adult male with reduced respiratory function and the other was a 1-year-and-8-month-old child. Bleeding during or after the procedure was another serious complication. Vena caval laceration occurred during right simple nephrectomy for pyonephrosis with renal calculi and was managed with laparotomy. Two patients, one after simple nephrectomy and the other after right adrenalectomy, suffered from postoperative bleeding about 300 ml through the penrose drain, which subsided following a bed rest.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗

PubMed1993

[Successful artificial insemination in a patient with retrograde ejaculation following retroperitoneal lymph node dissection for testicular cancer: a case report].

A 24-year-old man underwent right radical orchiectomy for testicular teratocarcinoma in May 1982, which was followed by retroperitoneal lymph node dissection. The patient showed no evidence of recurrent disease at followup examinations. The patient later reported a complete loss of ejaculation postoperatively. Erection and orgasm remained normal. Prior use of a sympathomimetic agent, imipramine hydrochloride, was unsuccessful in producing an antegrade ejaculation. Pregnancy was achieved following the fifth attempt at artificial insemination using semen retrieved from the bladder by the modified Hotchkiss method. A healthy male infant, weighing 3,150 g, was delivered. The treatment modality for male infertility due to retrograde ejaculation after retroperitoneal lymph node dissection for testicular cancer is discussed.

Adult↗

PubMed1992

Differential expression of myogenic regulatory genes, MyoD1 and myogenin, in human rhabdomyosarcoma sublines.

A cell line (SCMC-MM-1) was established from a human abdominal tumor that was initially diagnosed as a malignant mesenchymoma by histological, immunohistochemical and clinical criteria. The cell line was composed of 2 morphologically and immunohistochemically distinct cell types, one with a small polygonal phenotype (P-type), characterized by the immunostaining of vimentin and the presence of a few electron-microscopically visible organelles, and the other with a giant tubular phenotype (T-type), characterized by the immunostaining of desmin, alpha-sarcomeric actin and skeletal-muscle myosin, and the presence of thick and thin myofilaments and Z-line materials. The parental cell line was cloned into 2 sublines, a P-type clone (SCMC-MM-1-19P) and a T-type clone (SCMC-MM-1-1T), which shared both 2q37 and 11p15 translocations, the characteristic chromosomal aberrations for rhabdomyosarcoma, with the parental SCMC-MM-1 cell line. Northern-blot analyses of the myogenic regulatory genes, including MyoD1 and myogenin, demonstrated the expression of MyoD1 in both of these sublines. Myogenin was very weakly expressed in the SCMC-MM-1-19P subline, but strongly expressed in the SCMC-MM-1-1T subline. Chromosomal and myogenic-regulatory-gene analyses revealed that both of these sublines were rhabdomyosarcoma cell lines. Furthermore, the regulatory-gene analyses indicated that these 2 sublines represented 2 distinct differentiation stages of myoblasts, and that MyoD1 and myogenin could serve as the lineage marker and the differentiation marker, respectively, of human rhabdomyosarcoma.

Blotting, Northern↗

PubMed1992

Validity and reliability of nonverbal voice measures as indicators of stressor-provoked anxiety.

To determine the validity and reliability of vocal jitter, tenseness, and pitch as measures of stressor-provoked anxiety, 88 women representing three coping styles (Highly Anxious, Truly Low Anxious, and Repressor) phonated vowels, reported anxiety, and provided measures of muscle tension, heart rate, and sweating 2 weeks before, the day before, and 1 week after stressful exams. Greater self-reported anxiety, sweating, and heart rate on the day before versus the other occasions confirmed the day before was the most stressful occasion. Results suggest excellent validity and reliability for Jitter as an indicator of stressor-provoked anxiety.

Adaptation, Psychological↗

PubMed1992

Brugia pahangi: production of a monoclonal antibody reactive with the surface of infective larvae.

Monoclonal antibodies against infective third-stage larvae (L3) of Brugia pahangi were generated from mice immunized with L3 antigens. The monoclonal antibodies were L3 stage-specific or stage-nonspecific. A BpG1 monoclonal antibody (IgG1 subclass) showing L3 stage-specificity was examined in detail. BpG1 recognized the surface of B. pahangi L3 and also reacted with the surface of Brugia malayi L3 but not with the surface of filarial worms of other genera, such as Acanthocheilonema viteae and Litomosoides carinii. BpG1 promoted cellular adhesion to the surface of B. pahangi L3. BpG1 bound on living L3 was shed but the shedding rate was relatively slow. The surface antigen recognized by BpG1 had a molecular weight of 58 kDa. It was stable to heat and periodate treatments but sensitive to trypsin digestion and was released from living L3 by SDS but not by Triton X-100 or CTAB. Preincubation of L3 with BpG1 significantly reduced the recovery rate of worms compared with the preincubation with a monoclonal antibody (IgG1 subclass) against the inner tissues of B. pahangi L3 or control supernatant of P3U1 myeloma cells. This result suggests that the antigen containing the BpG1 epitope may be one of the targets of a protective immune response against Brugia infection.

Animals↗

PubMed1992

Unilateral obstruction of the vas deferens caused by childhood inguinal herniorrhaphy in male infertility patients.

OBJECTIVE: To study the incidence, diagnosis, and treatment of unilateral obstruction of the vas deferens caused by inguinal herniorrhaphy (IH) during childhood. DESIGN: Retrospective. SETTING: Kyoto University Hospital. PATIENTS: Unilateral obstruction of the vas deferens after IH was diagnosed and treated in 10 of 724 subfertile patients. INTERVENTIONS: Reanastomosis of the vas deferens using a microsurgical two-layer technique. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Follow-up seminal analysis of the patients and the occurrence of pregnancy in their wives. RESULTS: The incidence of unilateral vas deferens obstruction caused by IH was 26.7% for subfertile patients with a history of IH during childhood. Unilateral vas deferens obstruction was detected through palpation of the scrotal vas deferens in 7 of the 10 patients. After vasovasostomy, the semen quality improved in 5 patients, and pregnancy was achieved by 2 patients. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of vas deferens obstruction was unexpectedly high in subfertile patients with a history of IH during childhood. Careful palpation of the scrotal content was a useful and noninvasive method to diagnose unilateral vas deferens obstruction, and microsurgical vasovasostomy was treatment of choice.

Adult↗

PubMed1992

Laparoscopic varicocelectomy: a simple technique for clip ligation of the spermatic vessels.

Less invasive laparoscopic surgery is replacing the conventional open operation for the treatment of several conditions. We performed laparoscopic clamping of the internal spermatic vessels in 12 subfertile patients to treat varicocele of the testis. Seven operations were performed with the patient under general anesthesia, whereas a local anesthetic was used in the 5 most recent patients. The internal spermatic vessels were successfully clipped in all 12 patients. Postoperative physical examination with a Doppler stethoscope showed that the venous reflux had disappeared in all patients. Semen quality was improved in 7 patients with a followup of 3 to 10 months. Neither hydrocele nor testicular atrophy was observed postoperatively. Laparoscopic varicocelectomy was effective and minimally invasive, especially when performed with the patient under local anesthesia.

Adult↗

PubMed1992

Induction of protective immunity to Brugia pahangi in jirds by drug-abbreviated infection.

Protective immunity of homologous challenge infection was examined in jirds after drug-abbreviated infection with Brugia pahangi. Mebendazole (MBZ) treatment at the early prepatent (5-7 weeks of post infection) or the late prepatent (7-9 weeks of post infection) period was highly effective in causing almost complete eradication of the primary infection. After challenge infection, the worm burden was significantly reduced 19% (31.1 in average) and 77% (9.5) to that of the controls (38.8 and 41.7), respectively. The magnitude of eosinophil response paralleled the degree of protection. No or only a few microfilariae were seen after challenge infection in jirds treated during the prepatent periods. They were also resistant to intravenous challenge with the microfilariae of B. pahangi. MBZ treatment at the patent period was, on the contrary, incomplete against primarily infected adult worms, and was not able to induce either significant protection (30.1 vs 33.1 in control) or eosinophil response to the challenge infection.

Animals↗