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Biomedical subjects

Y Horie

Publications and source records attributed to Y Horie.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed2000

Gliosarcoma with thallium-201 SPECT.

Thallium-201 (201Tl) chloride scintigraphy is the imaging method use for the detection of various tumors including glioblastoma, but only limited information on 201Tl uptake in gliosarcoma is available. We investigated a patient with gliosarcoma by means of 201Tl single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and MRI. SPECT imaging revealed high 201Tl uptake in the tumor, which was closely correlated with contrast-enhancement on MRI. These results suggest that SPECT with 201Tl may be useful for detecting gliosarcoma and provide physiological information on this tumor.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Two deletion mutations in the hydroxymethylbilane synthase gene in two unrelated Japanese patients with acute intermittent porphyria.

Acute intermittent porphyria (AIP) is an autosomal dominant inherited disease caused by a decreased activity of hydroxymethylbilane synthase (HMBS). Regarding the abnormalities of the HMBS gene, many different mutations have been reported worldwide; however, few families from Japan have been studied. In this work, we investigated the presence of mutations in two unrelated Japanese patients with AIP. Mutational analysis was performed using the polymerase chain reaction-single strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) method, followed by DNA sequencing. Reliable restriction enzyme cleavage assays were also established for the pedigree analyses. Unique SSCP patterns were noted in exons 12 and 15 of the HMBS gene. Sequencing revealed different mutations in each patient: a two-base deletion of CT at nucleotide 730-731 (730delCT), and also a two-base deletion of CA at position 982-983 (982delCA). Both of the deletion mutations lead to truncated proteins with an abnormal C-terminus, which would be expected to decrease the stability and/or activity of HMBS. Using the cleavage assays, we were able to definitively identify gene carriers in the family. This study adds a novel mutation to those that have been previously reported, and emphasizes that molecular analysis would be very useful not only for the identification of asymptomatic gene carriers in the family but also for the detection of ancestral founders in porphyria families.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Artificial insemination using cryopreserved sperm in the silkworm, Bombyx mori.

We report in this paper that female moths artificially inseminated with cryopreserved sperm (-196 degrees C) could oviposit eggs when the sperm was preserved for 356days, and that the fertilization rate and the number of eggs laid were almost equivalent to those obtained in normally mated moths. The optimal cooling rate for sperm freezing was 5-65 degrees C/min for maintaining a high fertility of sperm. The simple and reliable method of cryopreservation was to put the semen first in a deep freezer at -80 degrees C and thereafter put them in liquid nitrogen. When female moths of 'white 2' egg-color mutant strain were inseminated with a mixture of frozen-thawed sperm from males of normal-colored egg strain and non-frozen sperm from males of the 'white 2', female moths deposited a majority of 'white 2' eggs and a very small number of eggs of normal color. The result shows that there was a competitive fertilization of sperm between the two strains of the silkworm, and that sperm fertility was reduced to a considerable extent by freezing at -196 degrees C. These results may contribute not only to basic studies on fertilization in Lepidoptera but also to the development of long-term preservation procedure of genetic resources by using cryopreserved sperm of Bombyx mori.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2000

Phylogenetic analysis of newly described Neosartorya species.

Isolates representing newly described Neosartorya species, and isolates with abnormal morphologies from Aspergillus section Fumigati were examined by phylogenetic analysis of sequences of part of their beta-tubulin gene. Phylogenetic analyses supported the earlier suggestions that heterothallism is a derived character, and that sexuality was lost several times during the evolution of Aspergillus section Fumigati. The heterothallic N. fennelliae and N. udagawae strains were found to be closely related to the homothallic Neosartorya sp. NRRL 4179 and N. aureola, respectively. Aspergillus sp. FRR 1266, which was earlier described as a variant of A. fumigatus, was found to be closely related to A. viridinutans. Another abnormal asexual isolate was found to be closely related to A. fumigatus and N. fischeri. Phylogenetic relationships among newly described Neosartorya species and other taxa were successfully established based on phylogenetic analysis of beta-tubulin sequences.

DNA, Fungal↗
PubMed2000

Interaction between NSAIDs and steroid in rat stomach: safety of nimesulide as a preferential COX-2 inhibitor in the stomach.

The relative risk of development of peptic ulcer with the use of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) has been reported to increase when these drugs are administered in combination with steroids. We investigated the ulcerogenic potential of a combination of NSAIDs and steroids in rats and the underlying pathogenic mechanisms. Indomethacin alone produced gastric lesions, and the severity of the lesions markedly increased with concomitant administration of prednisolone. However, nimesulide, even in excessive doses, did not produce any gastric lesions, regardless of concomitant administration with prednisolone. Furthermore, we showed that the ulcerogenic potential of indomethacin administered in combination with prednisolone may be related to the induction of physiological changes, such as endogenous prostaglandin deficiency, an increase in neutrophil activation, and gastric hypermotility, by indomethacin and alteration of normal epithelial renewal by the steroid. These results suggest that the ulcerogenic potential of preferential a COX-1 inhibitor increases following concomitant administration with a steroid, whereas, nimesulide, a preferential COX-2 inhibitor, is nonulcerogenic, even when administered concomitantly with a steroid, and is therefore a clinically useful antiinflammatory agent.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Severe exacerbation of hepatitis after short-term corticosteroid therapy in a patients with "latent" chronic hepatitis B.

We present a case of severe exacerbation of hepatitis after short-term corticosteroid therapy for chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIPD) with "latent" chronic hepatitis B showing no HBV-related antigens and antibodies. After corticosteroid pulse therapy for CIPD, the patient had severe exacerbation of hepatitis twice. Although she did not show any hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related antigens or antibodies, sequences of HBV were detected in serum and liver by a nested polymerase chain reaction. A sequence analysis of HBV at the second exacerbation showed that the G-to-A point mutation at nucleotide 1896 that converted codon 28 from tryptophan (TGG) to a stop codon (TAG) in the precore region resulted in amino acid change, which has been frequently observed in fulminant hepatitis and severe hepatitis in Japan.

Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗
PubMed2000

Uterus-like mass of the small bowel mesentery.

A case of a uterus-like mass arising from the mesentery is reported. A mass measuring 14x11 cm was noted in the small bowel mesentery of a 59-year-old woman. Histologically, the lesion consisted of endometrial-type and fallopian tube-type mucosa surrounded by thick bundles of smooth muscle cells. Since the first report by Cozzutto in 1981, 10 cases of uterus-like mass, that included seven ovarian and three extraovarian cases, have been reported. To our knowledge, the present lesion was the first case originating from the mesenteric region. Three hypotheses of this rare lesion: (i) congenital anomaly; (ii) metaplasia; and (iii) heterotopia theories are reviewed.

Adenomyoma↗
PubMed2000

Peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumor of the small bowel mesentery: a case showing perforation at onset.

A case of peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumor of the small bowel mesentery with an uncommon clinical onset is reported. A 40-year-old man was admitted to hospital because of acute severe abdominal pain. Chest X-ray revealed a free air sign beneath the diaphragm. At emergency surgery a mass measuring 11.0 x 8.0 cm with perforation was located in the jejunal mesenteric region. Histologically the resected lesion consisted of sheets of undifferentiated small round cells forming abortive Homer Wright rosettes. Some spindle-shaped cells showed perivascular pseudorosettes. Immunohistochemical study revealed that the tumor cells expressed positivity against CD99 (MIC2), neuron-specific enolase, synaptophysin and vimentin. To the authors' knowledge this is the first documentation of peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumor of the small bowel mesentery with perforation at onset.

Abdomen, Acute↗
PubMed2000

Hepatoid variant of yolk sac tumor of the testis.

A case of testicular yolk sac tumor (endodermal sinus tumor) consisting predominantly of hepatoid cells is documented. A mass measuring approximately 4 x 3 cm was noted in the left testis of a 64-year-old man. Preoperative examination revealed an elevated serum level of alpha-fetoprotein (5479 ng/mL). Histologically, the lesion was composed predominantly of sheet-like or trabecular proliferation of hepatocyte-like cells with eosinophilic or clear cytoplasm. The tumor cells were immunoreactive for alpha-fetoprotein, antimitochondrial antibody, cytokeratin (AE1/AE3), alpha-1-antichymotrypsin, alpha-1-antitrypsin, albumin, carcinoembryonic antigen and epithelial membrane antigen. It was necessary to distinguish this variant lesion from metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma, embryonal carcinoma and hepatoid carcinoma.

Biomarkers, Tumor↗
PubMed2000

Hepatic microvascular responses to ischemia-reperfusion in low-density lipoprotein receptor knockout mice.

The overall objective of this study was to determine whether genetically induced hypercholesterolemia alters the inflammatory and microvascular responses of mouse liver to ischemia-reperfusion (I/R). The accumulation of rhodamine 6G-labeled leukocytes and the number of nonperfused sinusoids (NPS) were monitored (by intravital microscopy) in the liver of wild-type (WT) and low-density lipoprotein receptor-deficient (LDLr(-/-)) mice for 1 h after a 30-min period of normothermic ischemia. Plasma alanine transaminase (ALT) levels were used to monitor hepatocellular injury. Microvascular leukostasis as well as increases in NPS and plasma ALT were observed at 60 min after hepatic I/R in both WT and in LDLr(-/-) mice; however, these responses were greatly exaggerated in LDLr(-/-) mice. Pretreatment of LDLr(-/-) mice with gadolinium chloride, which reduces Kupffer cell function, attenuated the hepatic leukostasis, NPS, and hepatocellular injury elicited by I/R. Similar protection against I/R was observed in LDLr(-/-) mice pretreated with antibodies directed against tumor necrosis factor-alpha, intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), or P-selectin. These findings indicate that chronic hypercholesterolemia predisposes the hepatic microvasculature to the deleterious effects of I/R. Kupffer cell activation and the leukocyte adhesion receptors ICAM-1 and P-selectin appear to contribute to the exaggerated inflammatory responses observed in the postischemic liver of LDLr(-/-) mice.

Alanine Transaminase↗
PubMed2000

In vitro proliferation potential of AC133 positive cells in peripheral blood.

AC133 antigen is a novel marker for human hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells. In this study, we examined the expression and proliferation potential of AC133(+) cells obtained from steady-state peripheral blood (PB). The proportion of AC133(+) cells in the CD34(+) subpopulation of steady-state PB was significantly lower than that of cord blood (CB), although that of cytokine-mobilized PB was higher than that of CB. The proliferation potential of AC133(+)CD34(+) and AC133(-)CD34(+) cells was examined by colony-forming analysis and analysis of long-term culture-initiating cells (LTC-IC). Although the total number of colony-forming cells was essentially the same in the AC133(+)CD34(+) fraction as in the AC133(-)CD34(+) fraction, the proportion of LTC-IC was much higher in the AC133(+)CD34(+) fraction. Virtually no LTC-IC were detected in the AC133(-)CD34(+) fraction. In addition, the features of the colonies grown from these two fractions were quite different. Approximately 70% of the colonies derived from the AC133(+)CD34(+) fraction were granulocyte-macrophage colonies, whereas more than 90% of the colonies derived from the AC133(-)CD34(+) fraction were erythroid colonies. Furthermore, an ex vivo expansion study observed expansion of colony-forming cells only in the AC133(+)CD34(+) population, and not in the AC133(-)CD34(+) population. These findings suggest that to isolate primitive hematopoietic cells from steady-state PB, selection by AC133 expression is better than selection by CD34 expression.

AC133 Antigen↗
PubMed2000

Gliosarcoma associated with a huge cyst--case report.

A 55-year-old female presented with a unique case of gliosarcoma with a huge cystic component manifesting as loss of consciousness, left-sided hemiparesis, and anisocoria. Computed tomography demonstrated a large cyst in the right frontal lobe, and enhancement of the mural nodule after administration of contrast medium. Emergent operation was performed. Xanthochromic fluid was aspirated, and the tumor was resected. The histological diagnosis was gliosarcoma based on the presence of gliomatous and sarcomatous components. She underwent a second operation because of tumor regrowth 3 weeks after the first operation. The postoperative course was satisfactory during radiation therapy with 60 Gy and chemotherapy. The diagnosis of gliosarcoma was difficult to make preoperatively because of the neuroradiological findings similar to low-grade gliomas. Gliosarcoma should be included in the differential diagnosis of huge cystic tumors.

Brain Diseases↗
PubMed2000

Effect of acute ethanol administration on the intestinal absorption of endotoxin in rats.

BACKGROUND: Endotoxin has been implicated in the pathogenesis and progression of alcoholic liver disease. Not only inactivation of reticuloendothelial function, which reduces clearance of endotoxin, but also an increase in absorption of endotoxin from the intestine may be involved in mechanisms of ethanol-induced endotoxemia. However, it is unclear how ethanol affects absorption of endotoxin from the intestine in vivo. METHODS: We gave 10 mg/kg of lipopolysaccharides to rats with water (group 1), 5% ethanol (group 2), or 20% ethanol (group 3) using an intubation tube to the stomach. Blood samples were collected and plasma endotoxin levels were measured. We used fluorescence spectrophotometer to examine permeability of the gut to macromolecules (fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran; 4,000 Da [FD4] or 20,000 Da [FD20]). RESULTS: Plasma endotoxin levels were not different between group 1 (9 +/- 2 pg/ml) and group 2 (14 +/-3 pg/ml), whereas they significantly increased in group 3 with a peak at 60 min (87 +/- 35 pg/ml). Acute ethanol administration did not affect clearance of endotoxin in rats. Hemorrhagic erosions of the proximal small intestine with epithelial cell loss were observed in group 3 at 4 hr, but no significant histological change was observed at 30 min by light microscopy. Acute ethanol administration (20%) increased the permeability of the small intestine to FD4 and FD20 in 30 min when no hemorrhagic erosions of the proximal small intestine with epithelial cell loss were observed. CONCLUSIONS: Acute ethanol administration increases intestinal permeability before pathological changes are revealed by light microscopy. Acute ethanol ingestion, especially at high concentrations, facilitates the absorption of endotoxin from rats' small intestine via an increase in intestinal permeability, which may play an important role in endotoxemia observed in alcoholic liver injury.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

[Significance of exercise-induced ST segment depression in patients with myocardial infarction involving the left circumflex artery: evaluation by exercise thallium-201 myocardial single photon emission computed tomography].

The significance of exercise-induced ST segment depression in patients with left circumflex artery involvement was investigated by comparing exercise electrocardiography with exercise thallium-201 single photon emission computed tomography(Tl-SPECT) and the wall motion estimated by left ventriculography. Tl-SPECT and exercise electrocardiography were simultaneously performed in 51 patients with left circumflex artery involvement(angina pectoris 30, myocardial infarction 21). In patients with myocardial infarction, exercise-induced ST depression was frequently found in the V2, V3 and V4 leads. In patients with angina pectoris, ST depression was frequently found in the II, III, aVF, V5 and V6 leads. There was no obvious difference in the leads of ST depression in patients with myocardial infarction with ischemia and without ischemia on Tl-SPECT images. In patients with myocardial infarction, the lateral wall motion of the infarcted area evaluated by left ventriculography was more significantly impaired in the patients with ST depression than without ST depression(p < 0.01). Exercise-induced ST depression in the precordial leads possibly reflects wall motion abnormality rather than ischemia in the lateral infarcted myocardium.

Aged↗
PubMed2000

Hepatic microvascular dysfunction in endotoxemic rats after acute ethanol administration.

BACKGROUND: A high concentration of ethanol is reported to cause hepatic microvascular dysfunction. However, little is known about the effect of ethanol on hepatic microcirculation in endotoxemic animals. The objective of this study was to determine whether endotoxemia enhances the hepatic microvascular dysfunction induced by acute ethanol administration. METHODS: Intravital videomicroscopy was used to monitor leukocyte recruitment, number of nonperfused sinusoids, and flow velocity of erythrocytes (RBC) labeled with fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) in the livers of male Wistar rats that were administered ethanol (20%, 3 g/kg; or 40%, 6 g/kg) from a gastric tube. Flow velocity of RBC in sinusoids was measured with an off-line velocimeter. Plasma tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha levels were also measured. In some experiments, rats were injected with 2 mg/kg of lipopolysaccharides (LPS) intraperitoneally at 16 hr before the experiments, and the same protocol was performed. RESULTS: Although FITC-RBC velocity was initially increased by both 20% and 40% ethanol in control rats, it was reduced by only 40% ethanol at 60 min. In LPS-treated rats, the FITC-RBC velocity also was increased initially but was reduced at 60 and 30 min by 20% and 40% ethanol, respectively. Only 40% ethanol caused leukostasis in the pericentral region of control rats. In LPS-treated rats, however, leukostasis was noted in the midzonal and pericentral regions of liver after both 20% and 40% ethanol administration. Ethanol increased plasma TNF-alpha levels only in LPS-treated rats. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that LPS synergistically enhances ethanol-induced hepatic microvascular dysfunction and liver injury, especially in the midzonal region via coagulation, which may be mediated by TNF-alpha.

Animals↗