Biomedical subjects

Y Hirota

Publications and source records attributed to Y Hirota.

At least 199 records · Page 11Linked to original sources

PubMed1993

Immunohistochemical analysis of tissue distribution of B and T cells in germfree and conventional chickens.

The distribution of lymphocytes in lymphoid organs of germfree (GF) and conventional (CV) chickens was compared immunohistochemically with several monoclonal antibodies. The lymphoid follicles in the cecal tonsils of GF chickens were more poorly developed than in those of CV chickens, and IgG and IgA positive cells were also not found in GF chickens. The number of both B and T cells in the villous region of the cecal tonsils in GF chickens was less than that in CV chickens. In the spleen of GF chickens, the distribution of B cells was similar, but T cells were distributed more widely in CV chickens than in GF chickens. There was no clear difference in the distribution of lymphoid cells in the bursa of Fabricius and the thymus. These results suggest that the development of gut-associated lymphoid tissues is affected by intestinal flora.

Animals↗

PubMed1993

Identification and characterization of the major carbohydrate-binding proteins in chicken serum as immunoglobulins.

To isolate the major carbohydrate-binding proteins in pooled normal chicken sera, affinity chromatographies on different affinity gels were carried out. From the results obtained, normal chicken sera were found to contain serum proteins which were Ca(2+)-dependently and -independently reactive with mannose, N-acetylglucosamine, N-acetylgalactosamine, L-fucose, melibiose, lactose, unsubstituted Sepharose 4B, and SeaKem HE agarose. They were electrophoretically and antigenically found to be mainly IgM and IgG.

Animals↗

PubMed1993

A clinical trial of recombinant bovine interferon alpha 1 for the control of bovine respiratory disease in calves.

The effects of recombinant bovine interferon alpha 1 (rBoIFN alpha 1) on the incidence of bovine respiratory disease (BRD) were examined in 60 young male cattle. Each group of clinically healthy 30 male cattle was injected intramuscularly with either rBoIFN alpha 1 (5 mg/head) or physiological saline 5 times in 6 months. They were examined daily for the clinical symptoms of respiratory distress. The clinical signs of respiratory distress in rBoIFN alpha 1-treated cattle were significantly less severe than those of the placebo group. The incidence rate, relapse rate and mean sick days of respiratory disease in the rBoIFN alpha 1-treated group were 23%, 14% and 4.43 days, respectively, whereas those in the placebo group were 80%, 46% and 6.42 days, respectively. Furthermore, the mean increase of body weights in rBoIFN alpha 1-treated group and placebo group were 1.365 kg/day and 1.340 kg/day, respectively. These results suggest that rBoIFN alpha 1 has a potentially preventive effect on the incidence of BRD.

Aging↗

PubMed1993

A Ca(2+)-dependent phosphorylcholine-binding protein in chicken serum.

A Ca(2+)-dependent phosphorylcholine (PC)-binding protein in normal chicken serum was purified by affinity chromatography on p-aminophenyl PC-Sepharose 4B followed by gel filtration on Sephacryl S-300. In gel filtration, the isolated PC-binding protein was eluted in a symmetrical protein peak at the position of approximately 100,000. On sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, the protein was resolved into two protein bands of 31,000 and 38,000 under nonreducing conditions and of 40,000 and 46,000 under reducing conditions. These results suggest that chicken serum PC-binding protein may be composed of two different subunits which contain intrachain disulfide bonds.

Animals↗

PubMed1993

Immunohistochemical investigations of lymphocytes in the lymphoid organs of cyclophosphamide treated chickens.

The localization of lymphocytes in the lymphoid organs of cyclophosphamide (Cy) treated chickens and untreated control chickens was compared immunohistochemically using a variety of monoclonal antibodies (CT3, 2-6, 11-39, TCR1, TCR2, TCR3, L22, 11G, 3E8, B-4D-4, A-13). In the Harderian glands of Cy treated chickens, an an increase of T cells was observed, though T cells were a few in untreated controls. These increased T cells consisted of CD4 positive or CD8 positive cells. Further, these T cells were stained with TCR2 or TCR3 antibody, and a small number of cells were stained with TCR1 antibody. In other lymphoid organs such as the bursa of Fabricius, thymus, spleen and cecal tonsils, B lymphocyctes severely decreased or disappeared in Cy treated chickens, though no significant alteration in T cell distribution was observed.

Animals↗

PubMed1993

[Correct clinical diagnosis concerning cerebrovascular diseases and myocardial infarction among pathological autopsy cases in Japan].

Autopsy cases reported in "Annual of the Pathological Autopsy Cases (Vol. 29, 1986-Vol. 33, 1990)" were analyzed to elucidate the percentage incidences of correct clinical diagnosis concerning cerebrovascular diseases and myocardial infarction. In 19,402 cases (aged 30 years and over), cerebral infarction, cerebral hemorrhage, subarachnoid hemorrhage and myocardial infarction were reported as major pathologic changes. The percentage of the correct clinical diagnosis was 88.4% of 2,858 cases with subarachnoid hemorrhage, 84.7% of 3,051 cases with cerebral hemorrhage and 80.3% of 3,602 cases with cerebral infarction. The clinical diagnosis was correct in 66.6% of 9,891 cases with myocardial infarction. The difference between incidence of cerebrovascular disease and myocardial infarction was statistically significant (p < .001). In women with subarachnoid hemorrhage, correct clinical diagnosis was made in 90.6% and the more than 85.5% in men (p < .0001). Among the older patients (aged 60 years and over) with cerebral infarction, 81.5% were diagnosed correctly while that in the middle-aged (aged 30-59 years) was 70.7% (p < .0001). The autopsy cases from general hospitals showed a somewhat higher percentage concerning cerebral infarction and cerebral hemorrhage than those from university hospitals (p < .05). From 1986 to 1990, the ratio of accurate clinical diagnosis concerning cerebrovascular diseases was maintained as high as in 1986. The ratio for myocardial infarction decreased from 70.7% in 1986 to 63.1% in 1990. It was concluded that much efforts are needed to establish correct clinical diagnoses of myocardial infarction in Japan.

Cerebral Hemorrhage↗

PubMed1993

[Orbital wall fractures: a comparison of computed tomography and conventional views].

A total of 59 cases of mild facial fractures (simple orbital wall fractures, 34 cases, other facial fractures, 25 cases) with the clinical suspects of orbital wall fractures were evaluated both by conventional views (Waters' and Caldwell views) and coronal CT scans. Conventional views were obtained, as an average, after 4 days and CT after 7 days of injuries. Both the medial wall and the floor were evaluated at two sites, i.e., anterior and posterior. The ethmoid-maxillary plate was also included in the study. The degree of fractures was classified as, no fractures, fractures of discontinuity, dislocation and fragmentation. The coronal CT images in bone window condition was used as reference and the findings were compared between conventional views and CT. The correct diagnosis was obtained as follows: orbital floor (anterior, 78%, posterior, 73%), medial orbital wall (anterior, 72%, posterior, 72%) and ethmoid-maxillary plate (64%). The false positive diagnosis was as follows: orbital floor (anterior only, 13%), medial orbital wall (anterior only, 7%) and ethmoid-maxillary plate (11%). The false negative diagnosis was as follows: orbital floor (anterior, 9%, posterior, 10%), medial orbital wall (anterior, 21%, posterior, 28%) and ethmoid-maxillary plate (21%). The results were compared with those of others in the past.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1993

Cerebral arterial blood flow velocity during induction of general anesthesia: rapid intravenous induction versus awake intubation.

Changes in middle cerebral arterial flow velocity (MCAV) during rapid intravenous induction and awake intubation using transcranial Doppler sonography were investigated. The study involved 20 patients without disorders of the central nervous or cardiovascular systems who were scheduled for maxillofacial surgery. In the intravenous induction group, anesthesia was induced with sodium thiopental, and orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation was facilitated with succinylcholine chloride or alcuronium chloride. In the awake intubation group, orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation was performed under intravenous sedation with diazepam and topical anesthesia with 4% lidocaine. Arterial blood pressures, heart rate, and MCAV were monitored at specific intervals. During intravenous induction, blood pressures decreased after the administration of thiopental and muscle relaxants and increased during endotracheal intubation. MCAV was remarkably slowed after the administration of thiopental and during mask ventilation. During awake intubation, blood pressures were increased by endotracheal intubation. MCAV was decreased from the administration of diazepam to the transtracheal injection of lidocaine, but returned to the control value from endotracheal spray to endotracheal intubation. These results suggest that smooth awake intubation may be the safest method of induction for patients with cerebrovascular disorders.

Alcuronium↗

PubMed1993

Systemic management of Marfan's syndrome during dental treatment: a case report.

Marfan's syndrome is a dominantly inherited connective tissue disorder characterized by skeletal, ocular, and cardiovascular abnormalities, such as arachnodactyly, dolichostenomelia, kyphosis, scoliosis, pectus excavatum, ectopia lentis, aortic aneurysm and dissection, aortic valve incompetence, and mitral valve prolapse. This report describes the systemic management during dental treatment of a 26-year-old man with Marfan's syndrome. Blood pressure, electrocardiogram, echocardiography, systolic time intervals, and aortic pulse wave velocity were monitored. Nitrous oxide inhalational sedation was employed. In contrast to the vasopressin, felypressin (contained in prilocaine), epinephrine (contained in lidocaine) caused an acceleration of cardiac function--increased heart rate, cardiac output, 1/pre-ejection period (PEP), and aortic pulse wave velocity and decreased PEP and left ventricular ejection time. This experience suggests that the use of anesthetics containing epinephrine in dental patients with Marfan's syndrome needs to be carefully managed.

Adult↗

PubMed1993

A possible function of DNA curvature in transcription.

The region preceding the beta-lactamase promoter of Escherichia coli plasmid pUC19 has a DNA curvature (curved DNA or bent DNA). Studies using mutant plasmids showed that the curved DNA structure is required for efficient transcription of the beta-lactamase gene and suggested that the requisite shape is a small part of a right-handed coil. Based on these results, the possible functional significance of DNA curvature in transcription will be discussed.

Base Sequence↗

PubMed1993

[Pharmacokinetic study on aspoxicillin transfer into pulmonary and tracheal tissues].

Each of 36 patients who underwent tracheotomy for removal of malignant or benign tumors or for treatment of pneumothorax was infused with 2 g of aspoxicillin (ASPC, Doyle injection) intravenously over 1-hour period. ASPC concentrations determined at 1 postoperative time-point in tissues of the lung and trachea and in serum of each patient were analyzed pharmacokinetically to elucidate the transfer of ASPC to the thoracic tissues. The preventive effect of ASPC against postoperative infections was also investigated in 39 tracheotomy patients. 1. The analysis of ASPC concentrations in 36 patients with tracheotomy gave the following results; 1) The peak blood level (about 80 micrograms/ml) was attained at the end of infusion. The serum level then decreased with time to below about 10 micrograms/ml at 6 hours after the start of infusion, with an elimination half-life of about 1.4 hours, which was comparable to that in healthy adults. 2) Peak levels in the lung and tracheal tissues were achieved at about 30 minutes after the start of infusion, at levels of about 30 and 40 micrograms/g, respectively, which decreased to about 5 micrograms/g in both tissues at 6 hours after the start of infusion. 2. Thirty nine patients who were treated with ASPC before operation were examined for the preventive effect of ASPC against postoperative infections for 1 week after operation. No postoperative infection was noted in any patients and ASPC was found to be useful for prevention of postoperative infections. 3. No side effects or abnormal laboratory findings were noted in any patients. Based on the results of the transfer into the tissues of respiratory organs and preventive effect against postoperative infections, we have concluded that ASPC is useful for prevention of infections after thoracic operation.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1993

[Laboratory findings in the medical examination of chronic "Yusho" (PCB poisoning) patients: with special reference to blood PCB and serum triglyceride].

Associations of blood PCB concentration with serum levels of triglyceride, gamma-GTP, total-, and conjugated-bilirubin were investigated in "Yusho" patients twenty years after outbreak, using the information obtained from the medical examinations in 1988 and 1989. Study subjects were 259 patients in 1988, and 268 patients in 1989, including 190 patients who consecutively received both examinations. Blood PCB concentrations (mean +/- SE) were 4.78 +/- 0.22 ppb in 1988, and 4.47 +/- 0.17 ppb in 1989. The results of blood-chemical analysis were compared among four categorized concentrations of blood PCB, using the analysis of variance. Significant difference was observed for triglyceride (1988: p < 0.025, 1989: p < 0.005), but not for gamma-GTP, total-, and conjugated-bilirubin. In 1988, the mean triglyceride levels were 108, 137, 145, and 166 mg/dl at < 2.7, > or = 2.7, > or = 4.1, and > or = 6.1 ppb of blood of PCB, respectively. Corresponding figures in 1989 were 106, 129, 154, and 156 mg/dl at < 2.7, > or = 2.7, > or = 4.0, and > or = 5.7 ppb of blood PCB, respectively. Thus, clear positive association between blood PCB and serum triglyceride was observed in the patients twenty years after exposure.

Aged↗

PubMed1993

Can prenatal vitamin K1 (phylloquinone) supplementation replace prophylaxis at birth?

OBJECTIVE: To assess the effect of prenatal vitamin K1 on the coagulation status of newborns. METHODS: We measured noncarboxylated prothrombin and performed the Normotest in two groups of 5-day-old infants whose mothers were given oral vitamin K1, 10 mg/day for 2 weeks at least 10 days before delivery, or were untreated. RESULTS: Noncarboxylated prothrombin was found in one of 74 treated women and 13 of 186 controls, a nonsignificant difference. The mean (+/- standard deviation) Normotest value was 59.6 +/- 10.1% (range 38.9-84.4) for the treated group and 53.4 +/- 9.9% (range 16.3-89.9) for the controls, a statistically significant difference (P < .001). CONCLUSION: Based on the Normotest results, we suggest that vitamin K crosses the placenta and persists to activate the vitamin K-dependent coagulant factors until at least the fifth day of life. Thus, prenatal vitamin K1 administration may replace prophylaxis at birth.

Adult↗

PubMed1992

Noninvasive detection of left ventricular diastolic dysfunction using M-mode echocardiography to assess left ventricular posterior wall kinetics in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.

In patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HC), it is difficult to determine the severity of left ventricular (LV) diastolic dysfunction. Three different patterns of LV posterior wall motion were found by M-mode echocardiography in patients with HC, and the use of these patterns is proposed as a new noninvasive index of the severity of LV diastolic dysfunction. M-mode echocardiograms were recorded prospectively from 35 patients with HC, and the posterior wall motion pattern in late systole and early diastole was classified into the following 3 types: (1) normal motion (n = 9); (2) flat motion--flat motion from late systole to early diastole, followed by rapid backward movement (n = 13); and (3) downward motion--slow backward movement from late systole (n = 13). There were no differences in the severity or type of hypertrophy, LV systolic function and pulsed Doppler indexes of LV filling among these 3 groups. However, LV end-diastolic pressure was increased in the groups with flat (15 +/- 6 mm Hg) and downward (16 +/- 9 mm Hg) motion. Furthermore, the maximal rate of decrease in LV pressure (normal 1,450 +/- 300, flat 1,250 +/- 300 and downward 860 +/- 80 mm Hg/s) and the time constant of LV pressure reduction (normal 60 +/- 15, flat 70 +/- 25 and downward 101 +/- 34 ms) showed a stepwise deterioration from the normal to the flat and then to the downward motion groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Angiotensin II↗

PubMed1992

Structures of grain boundaries in long-chain Te crystals observed by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy.

Vacuum-deposited Te crystals, composed of endless chains of the right-handed or left-handed spiral, have been investigated by high-resolution electron microscopy with the aid of image simulation. A (010) grain boundary, which accompanies edge dislocations having an extra layer of the width of one Te chain, has been observed. A through-focal series of images reveal that it is not a reflectional nor a rotational twin boundary but a small angle grain boundary in a single crystal or an inversion twin. The lattice on one side of the boundary is shifted from that on the other side by [001]c/3 + [120]a/8, and inclined at 1.1 degrees around the c-axis of the other side. Also found between crystallites of [100] and [011] orientation is a grain boundary which is built with the (011) facets on one side of the boundary and the (211) or (0,1,10) facets on another side.

Crystallization↗

PubMed1992

Alteration of the curved helical structure located in the upstream region of the beta-lactamase promoter of plasmid pUC19 and its effect on transcription.

The region preceding the beta-lactamase promoter of Escherichia coli plasmid pUC19 has a curved DNA (bent DNA) structure. The center of the curvature was revealed to exist around nucleotide position 2580 of the plasmid, which is just beside RNA polymerase binding region. It was indicated that the identified region is curved even at 60 degrees C. The gross geometry of the curvature was altered by inserting synthetic double-stranded oligonucleotides between positions 2585 and 2586. Effect of the alteration on strength of the promoter was not detected in vitro. However, in vivo analyses showed that the promoter strength is apparently dependent, in part, on the gross geometry of the curvature. Insertions of 4 and 16 bp, both of which altered the gross geometry of the curvature greatly, caused considerable reductions of in vivo level of beta-lactamase mRNA. In vivo, overall three-dimensional structure of the region covering the promoter and the curvature seems to play some significant role in transcription of the gene.

Base Sequence↗

PubMed1992

Differentiation profiles of normal blast cell colonies derived from mononucleated cells, T cell depleted nonadherent cells and CD33-negative, CD34-positive normal human bone marrow cells.

Blast cell colonies can be grown reproducibly in methylcellulose from normal human mononuclear bone marrow cells (MNC) in the presence of 30% human plasma, 1 U human recombinant erythropoietin and 10% of medium conditioned by phytohemagglutinin stimulated leukocytes as a source of growth factors. The colonies can be recognized by inverted microscopy by their display of highly refractile cytoplasmic structures that resemble small vacuoles. A proportion of cells within these colonies remains CD34-positive (CD34+). The blast-like morphology of these cells was sustained for at least 14 to 21 days. The frequency of blast cell colony forming units (CFU-BL) can be increased by a series of separation procedures to produce E-rosette depleted, nonadherent cells (E-NAC), CD34+ cells and CD33-CD34+ cells. The mean number of CFU-BL per 10(5) cells was 1.9 +/- 1.6 in MNC, 5.7 +/- 2.7 in E-NAC, 108 +/- 51 in CD34+ cells and 112 +/- 109 in CD33-CD34+ cells. The enrichment procedures were not specific for CFU-BL but also resulted in a similar increase of multilineage and single lineage progenitors. The relative proportions of CFU-BL and other progenitors remained unchanged among these subpopulations. The size of individual blast cell colonies on day 16 varied from 20 to 1,600 cells. After 14 to 21 days, cells within blast cell colonies acquired mature morphological features. The majority of blast cell colonies developed into multilineage colonies (62%); some (38%) were restricted to a single hemopoietic lineage. Larger blast cell colonies had a higher probability of developing into multilineage colonies than smaller blast cell colonies.

Antigens, CD↗

PubMed1992

Various factors associated with the manifestation of influenza-like illness.

A survey enrolling 814 schoolchildren was conducted immediately after a peak epidemic in the 1988-1989 influenza season and then a case-control study for influenza-like illness (ILI) was carried out using information concerning illness onset and usual lifestyle. Based on the analysis of the correlations among symptoms and actions taken due to symptoms, cases were defined as those with fever greater than or equal to 38 degrees C and subsequent absenteeism and medical consultation during peak epidemic; within this, mild-ILI (MILI) was defined as fever greater than or equal to 38 degrees C and less than 39 degrees C, and severe-ILI (SILI) as fever greater than or equal to 39 degrees C. Controls were defined as those with no symptoms (NS) during that period. Adjusted odds ratios (OR) were obtained through an unconditional logistic regression model between the MILI (80) or SILI (48) and NS (196) groups from among respondents (803). For MILI, increased risks were observed for easily-inflamed tonsils (OR = 3.0, 95% CI: 1.7-5.4); and larger family size (1.9, 1.1-3.4); with decreased risks for higher school grades (0.4, 0.2-0.9); frequent intake of vegetables or fruits other than green/yellow vegetables (0.5, 0.3-1.0); and larger room space per capita (0.4, 0.2-0.9). For SILI, there were increased risks for easily-inflamed tonsils (3.8, 1.8-8.1) and history of doctor-diagnosed asthma (2.9, 1.2-6.7); and decreased risks for higher grades (0.2, 0.1-0.6), frequent intake of milk or dairy products (0.3, 0.1-0.6) and vaccination (0.3, 0.1-0.8).

Case-Control Studies↗