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Biomedical subjects

Y Hirao

Publications and source records attributed to Y Hirao.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1999

MN/CA IX/G250 as a potential target for immunotherapy of renal cell carcinomas.

The monoclonal antibody G250 (mAbG250) raised against a human renal cell carcinoma (RCC) has been shown to react with a large number of RCCs. Recently, G250 antigen was isolated and found to be homologous to the MN/CA9 gene originally identified in HeLa cells. To determine whether G250 antigen (MN/CA IX/G250) could be a potential therapeutic target and a tumour marker, a total of 147 cases of RCC were investigated immunohistochemically as well as by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis. In addition, total RNAs extracted from patients' peripheral blood samples were analysed for MN/CA9/G250 mRNA signals. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated strong expression in 128/147 (87.1%) of RCCs, in contrast to the lack of expression observed in normal tissues. RT-PCR analyses of frozen specimens resulted in the clear detection of MN/CA9/G250 mRNA signals in 137/147 (93.2%), and despite subtle differences the results were almost identical to those for immunohistochemistry. Although high-grade and -stage tumours exhibited significantly lower expression than low-grade and -stage tumours, a large proportion of tumours expressed MN/G250 protein as well as mRNA. RT-PCR analysis of patients' blood samples revealed the presence of circulating MN/CA9/G250 expressing cells. These findings suggest that this antigen may be a potential therapeutic target as well as diagnostic marker for RCCs.

Antigens, Neoplasm↗
PubMed1999

Expression of pepsinogen II with androgen and estrogen receptors in human prostate carcinoma.

The expression of pepsinogen II (PG II), an aspartyl proteinase usually involved in the digestion of proteins in the stomach, was immunohistochemically investigated in conjunction with androgen (AR) and estrogen receptor (ER) status in prostate adenocarcinomas. Of a total of 38 samples obtained from radical prostatectomies, 23 tumors (60.5%) were positive for PG II and there was a significant positive correlation to the expression of AR but not to ER. Cells positive for PG II were localized mainly to the peripheral zones of tumorous glands which, in normal prostate, are negative, and in areas also expressing AR. In addition, a significant correlation between AR and ER was detected in the prostate carcinomas examined, which suggests a hormone-dependent status. On the basis of these results, PG II expression might be closely related to hormonal alterations associated with the development of prostate tumors.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1999

Early results of radical prostatectomy and adjuvant endocrine therapy for prostate cancer with or without preoperative androgen deprivation. The Prostate Cancer Study Group.

BACKGROUND: The effects of preoperative androgen deprivation were explored in the patients who received radical prostatectomy and subsequent adjuvant endocrine therapy for prostate cancer. METHODS: Stage A2, B or C prostate cancers were randomized to one of two groups: (i) group I (n=90), who received androgen deprivation (leuploride and chlormadinone acetate) for 3 months preoperatively followed by radical prostatectomy and adjuvant endocrine therapy (leuploride only); and (ii) group II (n=86), who underwent the surgery followed by 3 month androgen deprivation and subsequent adjuvant endocrine therapy. The effects of preoperative androgen deprivation on clinical relapse (serum prostate specific antigen (PSA) > 1.98 ng/mL, local recurrence or distant metastasis) and PSA relapse (PSA >0.2ng/mL) were evaluated at 2 years after randomization. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in clinical or PSA relapse-free survival and quality of life measures between the two groups, although relapses occurred significantly more frequently in patients who had more advanced stages, higher pretreatment PSA values or lower histologic differentiation in either group. Subgroup analysis indicated that clinical relapse-free survival in stage C cancer tended to be better in patients with preoperative androgen deprivation than in those patients without it (P< 0.1). CONCLUSIONS: Preoperative androgen deprivation may be beneficial for stage C prostate cancer patients receiving radical prostatectomy and adjuvant endocrine therapy over the 2 year observation period. A longer follow up is needed to clarify the exact extent of benefit in terms of survival and quality of life.

Aged↗
PubMed1999

Intrarenal pelvic papillary Wilms' tumor associated with aniridia: a case report.

BACKGROUND: Intrarenal pelvic Wilms' tumor in a papillary growth is rare in children. A case of a two-year-old infant with Wilms' tumor associated with congenital aniridia is reported. RESULTS: A chromosomal abnormality (11p13 deletion) was found in this patient. The tumor was well evaluated by ultrasonography, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. DISCUSSION: Previous case reports are briefly reviewed and the clinical characteristics disclosed.

Aniridia↗
PubMed1999

Urinary nuclear matrix protein 22 as a new marker for the screening of urothelial cancer in patients with microscopic hematuria.

PURPOSE: The aim of the present study was to determine the clinical usefulness of nuclear matrix protein 22 (NMP22) as a new urinary marker for the screening of urothelial cancer in patients with microscopic hematuria, especially in comparison with that of voided urine cytology. METHODS: Patients with microscopic hematuria detected at a health examination, who were advised by a consulted urologist to have a cystoscopical examination, were asked to enter this study. Urine samples were collected before cystoscopy and divided into two portions for NMP22 test and voided urine cytology. RESULTS: Of the 309 patients with microscopic hematuria, 22 cases (7.1%) of urothelial cancer and one case of prostate cancer were detected. For the other cases, 128 (41.4%) were of benign diseases and 158 (51.1%) were designated as having no evidence of disease (NED). The median NMP22 values for urothelial cancer, other diseases and NED were 35.5, 6.7 and 6.0 U/mL, respectively, with 95% confidence intervals of 19.9-228.2, 5.1-9.3 and 5.4-7.2, respectively. The sensitivity of the NMP22 test for urothelial cancer was 90.9% (20/22), whereas the sensitivity of voided urine cytology was only 54.5% (12/22). CONCLUSIONS: The present study indicates that urinary NMP22 is a useful tool for the screening of urothelial cancer in patients with microscopic hematuria.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Goserelin acetate with or without antiandrogen or estrogen in the treatment of patients with advanced prostate cancer: a multicenter, randomized, controlled trial in Japan. Zoladex Study Group.

OBJECTIVE: The aims of this randomized, controlled study were to investigate the efficacy and safety of long-term monotherapy with the luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone agonist goserelin acetate compared with both short- and long-term combined androgen blockade. METHODS: Patients with advanced prostate cancer (n = 371) were randomized to treatment with goserelin acetate alone or a combination of goserelin acetate plus either long-term or short-term antiandrogen (chlormadinone acetate) or short-term estrogen (diethylstilbestrol diphosphate). RESULTS: There were no significant differences between the treatment groups with respect to objective progression, overall survival or disease-specific survival. Nevertheless, subgroup analysis suggested that patients with minimal disease or a good prognosis might benefit more from combined androgen blockade than other patients. Combined androgen blockade significantly reduced the incidence of disease flare compared with goserelin acetate treatment alone. CONCLUSIONS: Neither short- nor long-term combined androgen blockade had a survival advantage over goserelin acetate alone.

Aged↗
PubMed1999

Comparison of protein synthesis patterns in mouse cumulus cells and mural granulosa cells: effects of follicle-stimulating hormone and insulin on granulosa cell differentiation in vitro.

Successful development of mammalian oocytes requires correct interactions between developing oocytes and associated granulosa cells. Development of oocyte-granulosa cell complexes from preantral follicles in vitro does not produce oocytes competent to develop to blastocysts at the same frequency as for oocytes that develop in vivo. Addition of either FSH or insulin to cultures of oocyte-granulosa cell complexes does not improve the frequency of blastocyst development, and the combination of both insulin and FSH is deleterious. Here, high-resolution 2-dimensional PAGE (2D-PAGE) and computerized gel image analysis were used to compare patterns of protein synthesis in cumulus cells and mural granulosa cells of small antral follicles, and then to assess effects of FSH and insulin on the differentiation of oocyte-associated granulosa cells (OAGCs) in vitro. Culture of OAGCs without FSH or insulin resulted in failure to synthesize many proteins at rates characteristic of cumulus cells. Either hormone used alone caused many cumulus cell proteins that were decreased in control cultures to be synthesized at nearly normal cumulus cell rates, and also caused the synthesis of other proteins to be increased or decreased. The two hormones added together produced the greatest change in protein synthetic pattern, including overexpression or underexpression of many proteins not affected by either hormone alone. Addition of these hormones to culture media thus appeared insufficient to elicit a normal cumulus cell phenotype in OAGCs and could lead to complex changes in protein synthesis that may be deleterious to oocyte development. The high-resolution 2D-PAGE approach described here should be a valuable tool in studies on oocyte and granulosa cell development in vitro, since phenotype can be evaluated globally through the display of over 1000 newly synthesized proteins rather than relying upon the expression of just a few genes.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Immunohistochemical analysis of midkine expression in human prostate carcinoma.

Midkine (MK) is a growth/differentiation factor frequently expressed at high levels in some types of human malignancies. To investigate whether MK is a useful marker in prostate carcinogenesis, immunohistochemical analysis was performed on samples of both latent and clinical prostate cancers of various stages, as well as on specimens of normal gland and prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN). Of the 80 clinical cancers examined, 69 specimens (86.3%) were immunoreactive for MK, with metastatic lesions generally showing higher expression than the corresponding primaries; normal prostate tissues were negative or showed only weak staining. Midkine was also detected in 12 of 15 latent cancers (80%) and in 12 of 16 cases of PIN (75%). In sections of whole prostate, MK showed variable expression through tumorous sections, probably in reflection of heterogeneous cell populations. The results demonstrate the possible value of MK as a marker for early and latent disease, as well as for more advanced clinical stages of prostate cancer.

Aged↗
PubMed1999

A new parameter in decision making for transurethral electroresection of benign prostate hyperplasia.

OBJECTIVE: In this study, the clinical usefulness of transition zone (TZ) volume (TZV) measured by transrectal ultrasonography (TRUS) was investigated as a new parameter for the preoperative prediction of the treatment efficacy of transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP). METHODS: Fifty-six men with symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH; age 68.6 +/- 9.7 years) underwent TURP and were evaluated based on ordinary BPH parameters such as the international prostatic symptom score (I-PSS), quality of life (QOL) score, peak urine flow and entire prostate volume (PV), as well as the new TZV parameters and calculation of the TZ index. Relative risks were adjusted simultaneously for potentially confounding variables by multiple logistic regression analysis after adjustment for age, QOL, I-PSS, Qmax and residual urine. RESULTS: The adjusted relative risk for TURP at a TZ index of 0.1 increased to 4.5 (95% confidence interval 2.3-8.78). In general, poor responses were observed in patients with less symptomatic scores or lower values prior to operation, but there was a weak correlation between treatment outcome and preoperative scores or values of ordinary parameters. The volume parameters of BPH and PV did not predict treatment efficacy preoperatively, but TZV and the TZ index correlated with the treatment efficacy of TURP. CONCLUSION: TZV and the TZ index seem to be useful new parameters in preoperative decision-making with regard to TURP.

Aged↗
PubMed1999

[Intra-arterial chemotherapy for invasive bladder cancer].

The present investigation was conducted to examine the effects of intra-arterial chemotherapy (IAC) for patients with invasive bladder cancer. A total of 37 patients were treated with IAC at Nara Medical University and its affiliated hospitals between January, 1993 and August, 1997. There were 27 patients in the poor risk group. The remaining 10 patients underwent anti-tumor IAC. Thirty of the 37 patients received chemotherapeutic agents via a reservoir, and the remaining 7 patients received a one-shot injection of agents followed by transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE). In the reservoir group, there were 18 patients who received IAC in combination with radiation therapy. As a result, reduction of tumor size was noted in 53%, and the 3-year cause-specific survival rate was 54% in all cases. There was a significant difference in the 3-year survival rate between the radiation-treated group and the group without radiation. The adverse events included anemia, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia and gastrointestinal symptoms, but none of them were severe. The results of the present study indicate that IAC is useful in the treatment of invasive bladder cancer for poor risk patients.

Aged↗
PubMed1998

Genomic aberrations in renal cell carcinomas detected by restriction landmark genomic scanning.

In order to reveal and characterise genetic events occurring in renal tumorigenesis, samples of sporadic renal cell carcinomas (RCCs) were examined using restriction landmark genomic scanning (RLGS), an electrophoretic separation technique which detects gene amplification and deletion. We were able to find two fragments frequently amplified and 10 others commonly showing reduced signal intensity within the 16 tumour samples analysed. These altered spots were located on chromosomes 2, 3, 9-12, 16, 17 and 18 according to chromosomal assigned RLGS. A subset of reduced fragments appeared to be correlated to tumour type and were located within a new chromosomal region, suggesting genetic specificity within the process of renal carcinogenesis.

Aged↗
PubMed1998

Evaluation of whole-body road traffic vibration in building.

Level fluctuating vibration has been evaluated by the cumulative index L10, but some investigators suggest that the L10 cannot represent an adverse comment on vibration. In order to clarify the compliant, various factors involving vibration need to be analysed together by statistical methods, for instance factor analysis or quantum theory. The authors investigated the relationship between an evaluation index and human sensation of vibration in a subjective experiment in a wooden house. The subjects were exposed to vertical road traffic vibration reproduced with an electrodynamic vibrator placed near the house. The range of vibration levels at surfaces in contact with the subjects were from 50dB to 70dB in root mean square of frequency weighted acceleration level, i.e. the vibration level. Numbers assigned by the subjects and evaluation indices of the vibration level were analysed by applying the Stevens power law. The results showed that L10 or Leq (55) could become an effective index for the assessment of subjective perception of level fluctuating vibration in a wooden house.

Acceleration↗
PubMed1998

[Nuclear matrix protein 22 levels in patients with renal transplantation].

BACKGROUND: Nuclear matrix protein 22 (NMP22) is a parameter of cell death including apoptosis. To evaluate the clinical efficacy of NMP22 as a marker for rejection after renal transplantation, we measured serum and urinary NMP22. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We measured the concentrations of serum NMP22 by Konica-Matritech NMP22 kit, and CD3, 4, 8 which are surface markers of lymphocyte, in 11 patients with renal transplantation. The patients consisted of 10 males and 1 females whose serum creatinine ranged 1.0 to 2.7 mg/dl. Additionally, 9 healthy adults were employed as control subjects. And serum and urinary NMP22 were measured after transplantation sequentially in 5 of the patients. RESULTS: 1) In the patients, serum NMP22 values were higher than those in control subjects, statistically (p < 0.01). 2) There were not significant correlations between serum NMP22 and CD3, 4, 8, 3) At the periods of acute tubular necrosis and acute rejection, serum NMP22 values were higher than those at the stable periods. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that serum NMP22 is useful parameter of rejection in renal transplantation patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

[Successful treatment with end-to-end ureteral anastomosis for ureteral avulsion caused by abdominal blunt trauma: a case report].

Avulsion of ureter without renal injury is rarely caused by blunt trauma, only 28 cases having been reported in Japan. A 33-year-old male was admitted to our hospital 1 month after blunt abdominal trauma at work. He complained of left flank pain and macroscopic hematuria. Under the suspicion of renal or ureteral injury, drip infusion urography and abdominal computerized tomography revealed an extravasation from the left upper ureter and urinoma formation in the retroperitoneal cavity. In order to reduce the inflammation, the urinoma was drained. The retrograde pyelogram revealed complete obstruction at the left upper ureter, 20 cm from the left ureteral orifice. Urinary tract reconstruction, end-to-end ureteral anastomosis, was performed under the diagnosis of left ureteral avulsion. Drip infusion urography revealed normal ureteral healing without stricture formation at 2 years after reconstruction.

Abdominal Injuries↗
PubMed1998

[Results of clinical study with epirubicin hydrochloride injectable solution for superficial bladder cancer. IMI28 Injectable Solution Study Group for Superficial Bladder Cancer].

A 7-center cooperative clinical study with a new formulation of epirubicin hydrochloride injectable solution (Epirubicin-RTU) was conducted in patients with superficial bladder carcinoma. Epirubicin-RTU at the dose of 60 mg/30 ml was administered by intravesical instillation once daily for three (3) consecutive days and a 4-day drug-free interval followed; then the above intravesical instillation of Epirubicin-RTU was repeated for three consecutive days. All 20 registered cases were eligible, and 18 cases completed the whole course of the study. In 18 completers, CR was observed in 12 cases and PR was observed in one (1) case, for an efficacy rate of 72.2%. The primary adverse reaction was bladder irritation including pollakiuria 85.0% (17/20), miction pain 85.0% (17/20), and hematuria 80.0% (16/20), which were all reversible and tolerable. In urinalysis, urinary sediment showed leukocytes and erythrocytes, and proteinuria was observed. All were reversible. From the above results, this new formulation of Epirubicin-RTU was considered useful for the treatment of superficial bladder carcinoma.

Administration, Intravesical↗
PubMed1998

[Total androgen blockade--concept, theory, method and clinical application].

There can be seen many investigations to examine the effects and benefits of total androgen blockade (TAB), combining an antiandrogen with surgical castration or a LH-RH analogue, for advanced prostate cancer. This review summarizes the concept, theory, method and clinical application of TAB. The concept of TAB was supported by reports that show a survival advantage using the combined blockade over LH-RH analogue alone. The theory of TAB proposes that suppression of all androgen production, adrenal and testicular androgen, should result in a better response than standard hormonal management such as castration and/or estrogens. In Japan, Chlormadinone acetate (100 mg twice daily) or Flutamide (375 mg three times daily) is orally administered and Leuprorelin acetate (3.75 mg every 4 weeks) or Goserelin acetate (3.6 mg every 4 weeks) is administered by hypodermic injection. There have been unresolved controversies surrounding this therapeutic modality, therefore future studies should help to define the role of TAB.

Androgen Antagonists↗