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Biomedical subjects

Y Hiki

Publications and source records attributed to Y Hiki.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

[Home administration of anti-cancer drug with Baxter infusor].

Baxter infusor was evaluated for the degree of its safeness, and effectiveness, to use in a chemotherapy. The study covered a total of 36 cases, each receiving an average 11 days of care under this therapy. In seventeen of those cases, the patient had received outpatient care, or had spent day and night at their homes. In nine of the total 36 cases, the infusor had been set for use by the patients or by their family. Results were evaluated with a focus on three factors: the patients' quality of life, the infusor's ease of use and its comparability to conventional systems. As to quality of life, those patients generally appreciated the infusor as an improvement to conventional systems with 10 of them citing "an ability to live with their family", 16 citing "freedom to move around", and 35 citing "satisfying functional performance", as reasons for their favorable acceptance. 97% of the patients had found the infusor easy to use, and all had found it simpler and easier to use than the conventional system. Their overall rating for the infusor was "good" to "excellent" in 97% of the cases. And 33 out of the 36 patients thought the infusor safe and effective if used at the homes.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Age-related character of glomerular lesions in IgA nephritis.

In relation to the phenomenon in which IgA nephritis is carried over from childhood to an adult age, pathohistological analysis was performed to elucidate the age-related character of the expression of the disease based on renal biopsy specimens from different age groups. A significant difference in the glomerular lesions was noted between the age groups under 15 yrs (15 +/- 2.1 yrs) and over 18 yrs. In the younger age group, the disease became manifest with lesser glomerular sclerosis and segmental lesions, whereas mesangial proliferative and sclerosing lesions were evident with increasing segmental lesions in the adult-onset disease. It is suggested that some of the childhood cases of IgA nephritis with progressive mesangial sclerosis could be carried over to an adult age.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

The concepts, procedures, and problems related in endoscopic laser therapy of early gastric cancer. A retrospective study on early gastric cancer.

We report 34 cases of early gastric cancer in which endoscopic laser therapy was performed at the Kitasato University Hospital. The problems encountered were the size and location of the tumor, the presence of lymphatic metastasis or concomitant disorders, and technical problems associated with the irradiation procedure. Of the 34 cases, 22 cases were considered as completely cured (no malignancy was detected after laser therapy), 11 cases were incompletely cured (malignant cells were detected after laser therapy), and 1 case was undetermined.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1989

Moderately proteinuric IgA nephropathy: prognostic prediction of individual clinical courses and steroid therapy in progressive cases.

Eighteen of 60 patients with persistent moderate proteinuria between 1.0 and 2.0 g/day and a long-term follow-up of more than 4 years received steroid therapy for a mean period of 18 months. Fifteen of these 18 patients maintained their initial creatinine clearance (CCr) of 70 ml/min or more. The remaining 42 received antithrombocyte drugs and/or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, with 31 of them keeping their initial Ccr values of 70 ml/min or more. All 14 cases with initial Ccr values of less than 70 ml/min in both the steroid and nonsteroid groups followed progressive courses, with 12 ending up in hemodialysis. Of the nonsteroid, preserved group of 31 cases, 12 followed a stable course, 10 a progressive course, and the other 9 went into end-stage renal failure necessitating hemodialysis. There were no differences in initial clinical features among these three subgroups. But histological changes were milder in the stable subgroup than in the progressive and hemodialysis subgroups. Further, the total score of eight histological parameters was 6 or less in all but 1 of the cases of the stable subgroup, but 8 or higher in the other two subgroups. Therefore, in the progressive cases alone with initial Ccr values of 70 ml/min or more and high total scores of 7 or more, the long-term clinical courses were compared between steroid and nonsteroid groups (10 and 20 cases, respectively). In the steroid group proteinuria decreased significantly and renal function was preserved well as compared with that in the nonsteroid group.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗
PubMed1988

Education in gastroenterology at a Japanese hospital. Medical and surgical aspects.

Admission to a standard 6-year university course in medicine is very competitive in Japan. Medical practice is dominated economically by a national health service and epidemiologically by diseases of the upper gastrointestinal tract. Gastric cancer is very common, although diseases familiar to Western society are increasing. A detailed examination of the educational program in gastroenterology at the Kitasato University Hospital, one of the newer private teaching hospitals in Japan, reflects the cultural and environmental differences from an American experience. A residency system on the American model has been developed at this hospital. The extensive training in gastroenterological diagnostic techniques, including contrast radiography and endoscopy, is most striking. The ability to describe pathological abnormalities with precision is given great emphasis. Subspecialty training in medical or surgical gastroenterology is not standardized and is oriented primarily toward research and the development of expertise in a limited academic area.

Fellowships and Scholarships↗
PubMed1988

Steroid therapy in IgA nephropathy: a retrospective study in heavy proteinuric cases.

29 patients with IgA nephropathy whose proteinuria persisted at a level of 2.0 g/day or more and who received prednisolone treatment for 1-3 years were retrospectively evaluated on their clinical courses. 13 of 14 patients with renal dysfunction of less than 70 ml/min in initial creatinine clearance (Ccr) values subsequently entered a progressive course during a follow-up period of 47 months, leading to end-stage renal failure in 8 cases. On the other hand, only 1 of the other 15 patients with preserved renal function of 70 ml/min or more ended up with end-stage renal failure during a follow-up period of 74 months, although 7 underwent a progressive course. Three patients in the latter group experienced a prominent reduction in proteinuria to less than 1.0 g/day and maintained renal function. Meanwhile, the steroid group of moderate proteinuric patients with a creatinine clearance greater than 70 ml/min had a benign course, while the nonsteroid group had an unfavorable one. These results suggest that steroid therapy in IgA nephropathy may be able to stabilize a progressive course, especially in the early stage of the disease, although, because they come from an uncontrolled study, a definite conclusion cannot be drawn.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

IgA nephropathy.

IgA nephropathy is a syndrome and probably the most important glomerular disease in terms of incidence and mortality. This review documents the clinical and pathological features and concentrates on the evolving thoughts regarding pathogenesis and treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

[Clinico-pathological study of autopsy cases of nonresected gastric cancer in the young and old].

To elucidate the difference between the natural history of gastric cancer in young and old patients, this study was carried out. Fifty-four cases were studied, representing the autopsy findings of gastric cancer patients who did not undergo operation. The characteristics of the gastric cancer in the young patients were as follows: had infiltrative macroscopical types, had histologically diffuse types, had deeper and wider infiltration, showed a severer invasion into the vessels, and, showed marked lymphatic disseminated, and distant metastasis. The elderly, in comparison, showed various types of gastric cancers. The extension of the cancer in the old group was significantly, less than in the young, even in the same diffuse type. The period from the onset to death was almost same in both groups. The age of the host seems one of the important factors influencing the natural history of gastric cancer.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Evidence for IgA-specific B cell hyperactivity in patients with IgA nephropathy.

Spontaneous in vitro IgA synthesis by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of patients with IgA nephropathy was elevated; 419 +/- 71 ng/10(6) cells (Mean +/- SEM) compared with controls; 217 +/- 35 (P less than 0.02). Pokeweed mitogen (PWM) stimulated IgA synthesis was also elevated in patients; 4326 +/- 1140 ng/10(6) cells (Mean +/- SEM) versus 1458 +/- 406 (P less than 0.02) but the PWM stimulation index for patients did not differ significantly from that of the controls. Concanavalin A (Con A) suppression of PWM stimulated IgA synthesis resulted in the generation of similar quantities of IgA by PBMC from both patients and controls but the percentage suppression was significantly elevated in patients; 87 +/- 5 (Mean +/- SEM) versus 58 +/- 10 (P less than 0.05). Synthesis of IgG and IgM followed the same pattern as that described for IgA. T and B cells from patients and controls were cultured alone and in various co-culture permutations. Enriched B cells of patients demonstrated a selectively increased capacity for IgA production; 266 +/- 106 ng/5 X 10(5) cells (Mean +/- SEM) compared with controls; 42 +/- 9 (P less than 0.01) and this parameter correlated significantly with serum IgA concentrations (R = 0.77, P less than 0.05). Overall analysis of co-culture data showed no significant difference between the influences of autologous, control or patient T cells on immunoglobulin synthesis by normal B cells. Autolymphocytotoxic antibodies were not detected and, compared with controls, patient sera had no differential effect on numbers of IgA producing cells generated in culture.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

[A case report of concurrent esophageal and gastric double cancer successfully treated by surgery and the effectiveness of the oral administration of polyacrylate pasta (PANA kayaku) and bleomycin oil in esophageal carcinoma].

The patient was a 65-year-old male who came to our hospital with a complaint of dysphagia. He was admitted to hospital following a diagnosis of combined tumor in the esophagus and stomach as revealed by X-ray fluoroscopy. For preoperative chemotherapy, he was given oral administration of BLM-polyacrylate pasta, 30 mg/day for 25 days and 15 mg/day for 5 days, up to a total dose of 825 mg. This regimen successfully reduced the tumor in the esophageal area. No signs of pulmonary dysfunction, changes in blood cell count and blood chemistry of any other abnormalities in his general status were seen as side-effects of the BLM-polyacrylate pasta. Thoracic-esophagectomy and total gastrectomy were performed on November 7, 1983. He has been maintaining a good quality of life without any signs of recurrence of the tumor for the last two years and six months after the operation. The esophageal tumor was identified as moderately differentiated squamous cell carcinoma with A0N0M0Pl0 and grade of invasion "mp", while the gastric tumor was moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma with H0P0S0N0 and invasion grade "m" in the early stage of IIa + IIc type.

Acrylic Resins↗
PubMed1986

Typing of intraglomerular mononuclear cells associated with transplant glomerular rejection.

To investigate the pathogenesis of glomerular injury in renal allografts, we have analyzed intraglomerular mononuclear cells from 20 biopsies with typical features of transplant glomerular rejection (TGR) (segmental or global occlusion of capillaries by swollen cells). Ten biopsies showing cellular rejection but no glomerular pathology were selected as controls. Microwave fixation and an avidin-biotin immunoperoxidase technique were used with the following monoclonal antibodies; Leu1 and OKT3 (pan T cell), Leu 3 a + b and OKT4 (helper T cell), OKT8 (cytotoxic T cell), OKB7 (B cell), OKM1 (monocyte) and OKDR (DR positive cell). The results showed a significant increase of T cells, helper T cells, cytotoxic T cells and monocytes in the patients with TGR compared with the controls (all p less than 0.001, Mann-Whitney U test). Of the T cell subsets, cytotoxic T cells outnumbered helper T cells by a mean ratio of 3.2:1. In the interstitium, the distribution of mononuclear cells was not different between the two patient groups. In both, T cells and monocytes were predominant and few B cells were found. The percentage of cytotoxic T cells was similar to that of helper T cells. In this study, there were at least four TGR patients without cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection and the distribution of intraglomerular mononuclear cells in these patients was indistinguishable from that of other TGR patients. There was no significant association of the distribution of mononuclear cells with the severity of glomerular damage. These results suggest that T cells, predominantly of the cytotoxic subset and monocytes are involved in the mediation of TGR.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

B-Lymphocytes↗
PubMed1986

Steroid therapy in IgA nephropathy: a prospective pilot study in moderate proteinuric cases.

Forty-three patients with IgA nephropathy whose proteinuria persisted between 1.0 and 2.0 g/day were assessed in an uncontrolled pilot study of steroid treatment. Fourteen patients receive an initial dose of 40 mg/day of prednisolone, followed by gradual reduction of the dose over an average period of about 19 months. After discontinuation of corticosteroids, they were treated with non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs and/or anti-thrombocyte drugs to the end of the study. Another 29 patients received non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs and/or anti-thrombocyte drugs throughout the study. Fourteen patients treated with steroids experienced considerable reduction in proteinuria and maintained renal function over 81 months. In 29 patients treated with non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs and/or anti-thrombocyte drugs alone, proteinuria did not decrease and renal function deteriorated significantly during 60 months. At the end of the study, differences in degree of proteinuria and in levels of renal function between the steroid and non-steroid groups were statistically significant. In addition, these differences became more distinct in patients with initial creatinine clearance values 70 ml/min or more in both groups. These results suggest that treatment with steroids in IgA nephropathy may be beneficial, especially in the early stage of the disease.

Adult↗