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Biomedical subjects

Y Higashi

Publications and source records attributed to Y Higashi.

At least 379 records · Page 21Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

[The effect of prostaglandin F2 alpha on the gastrointestinal movement after urological surgery].

To facilitate postoperative flatus, Prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha) was given intravenously to 23 patients who underwent urological operations. The patients were 14 males and 6 females aged from 20 to 77 years old. Patients with hypertension or cardiovascular disease were not included. Twelve operations were performed under general anesthesia, and 8 under epidural anesthesia. Thirteen operations were performed for the upper urinary tract or adrenal gland, and 5 were for the lower urinary tract. In 2 cases, the peritoneal cavity was opened and operations were performed on the intestines. PGF2 alpha 2000 micrograms was added to the postoperative drip infusion and administered in 2 to 3 hours. Until the first flatus was recognized, PGF2 alpha was given once a day in the same manner. Twenty-six patients, 10 of whom were given either vagostigmine or pantothen postoperatively, served as the control group. PGF2 alpha accelerated the postoperative flatus by 8.7 hours (mean) compared with the control group, but it was not significant. The onset of flatus was significantly promoted under epidural anesthesia. Gastrointestinal movement tended to be facilitated in the PGF2 alpha group after lower urinary tract surgery and in the patients over 50 years old. Three patients complained of severe abdominal pain as a side effect; and, injection of PGF2 alpha was stopped. In 7 patients, mild stomachache , vascular pain, nausea, vomiting or elevation of blood pressure were observed.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Juvenile thyroid carcinoma with metastasis to the bilateral cervical lymph nodes--a case report.

A case of juvenile thyroid carcinoma with metastasis to the bilateral cervical lymph nodes in a 9-year-old male is reported. The clinical picture of juvenile thyroid carcinoma is characterized by early metastasis to the lungs and cervical lymph nodes. In Europe, there have been many reports of thyroid carcinoma after radiation. However, our patient had received no radiation. Surgery consisted of subtotal thyroidectomy and right modified neck dissection. The tumor was a papillary adenocarcinoma and metastasis was seen in 24 out of 38 lymph nodes removed. The serum thyroglobulin level, determined by radioimmunoassay, was 184 ng/ml preoperatively, but by 8 months postoperatively the level fell to 48 ng/ml. No signs of recurrence have been found to date (30 months after the operation).

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1982

Microinjection of interferon and 2',5'-oligoadenylate into mouse L cells and their effects on virus growth.

By means of a new type of microinjection apparatus, which has a micropipette located in a hole through the optical axis of the condenser lens, we injected interferon (IFN) or 2',5'-oligoadenylate (2-5A) into mouse L cells, and observed their antiviral effects on the multiplication of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV). After injection, cells were infected with VSV, and labeled with [3H]uridine in the presence of actinomycin D. The proportion of cells infected with VSV which carried radioactive virus-RNA was determined by autoradiography. IFN introduced directly into L cells had no effect on the virus growth. This result supports the idea that IFN molecules exert their effect from outside the cell membrane without penetrating into the cytoplasm. 2-5A, on the other hand, was able to inhibit the growth of VSV effectively when injected into L cells. The antiviral effect was dependent on the dose of 2-5A injected, and moreover the effect was transient, since it disappeared completely after 24-h incubation.

Adenine Nucleotides↗
PubMed1982

Dopamine decreases fluid reabsorption in straight portions of rabbit proximal tubule.

The effects of DA and DA blockers on fluid transport, transepithelial potential difference (PD), and Na fluxes were studied in straight portions of the rabbit proximal tubule by the technique of microperfusion in vitro. DA (10(-6) M) added to the bath (rabbit serum) produced a significant decrease in fluid reabsorption (Jv, nl.min-2.mm-1) from 0.53 +/- 0.05 to 0.19 +/- 0.06 (n = 7, P less than 0.005). PD decreased from -2.7 +/- 0.5 to -1.2 +/- 0.4 mV (P less than 0.01). Drugs active on DA receptors were used to characterize the action of dopamine. Haloperidol (10(-8) M), lisuride (1.5 X 10(-9) M), and metoclopramide (10(-7) M) did not modify Jv by themselves but prevented the action of dopamine. Agonists of DA, Epinine and A 6,7 DTN, produced smaller or shorter decreases in Jv. A 6,7 DTN was active in the presence of alpha- and beta-adrenergic blockers. The serotonin antagonist methysergide decreases Jv by itself by 15%; in its presence DA was not effective. The effect of DA was accompanied by reductions of net Na flux and unidirectional lumen-to-bath and bath-to-lumen Na fluxes by approximately 25%. It is concluded that DA exerts a direct inhibitory effect on fluid transport by the pars recta. The evidence for the existence of DA receptor sites is not conclusive. The mechanism of action is uncertain, but an impairment of transcellular salt transport can be suggested.

Absorption↗
PubMed1982

Studies of the human testis. XVII. Gonadotropin regulation of intratesticular testosterone and estradiol in infertile men.

Serum levels of LH and FSH and the intratesticular concentrations of testosterone (T) and estradiol (E) were measured in biopsy tissue from 40 infertile men, aged 21-36 yr, of whom 21 were oligospermic men with varicocele and 19 were men with idiopathic oligospermia. Intratesticular T and E concentrations were negatively correlated (P less than 0.001) with testicular volumes, as measured with a calibrated orchidometer, suggesting that differences in measured intratesticular steroid levels in part reflect altered relative Leydig cell density as seminiferous tubular volume changes. To gather information about the regulation of intratesticular T and E by gonadotropins, we calculated an index of intratesticular steroid content by multiplying steroid concentration by testicular volume and compared these values with circulating LH and FSH levels. Highly significant positive correlations were found between both serum LH and FSH and intratesticular E content and between LH and FSH and intratesticular T content. Multivariant stepwise regression analysis revealed that while serum FSH is a strong predictor of intratesticular E (r = 0.72; P less than 0.001), serum LH is not (partial r = 0.00 when controlling for the influence of FSH). Instead, the apparent relationship between Serum LH and intratesticular E results from the highly positive correlation between serum LH and FSH in the patients studied (r = 0.71; P less than 0.001). Similarly, circulating LH levels are independently related to intratesticular T content (r = 0.67; P less than 0.001), whereas the relationship between FSH and T is indirect (partial r = 0.06 when controlling for the influence of LH). We believe that these associations suggest that the major regulator of intratesticular T content is LH and that FSH may be the important gonadotropin regulating intratesticular E.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Effect of anesthesia on drug disposition in the rat.

The effect of anesthesia induced with pentobarbital and diethyl ether on the drug disposition were investigated in the rat. The disposition rate constants of gentamicin and tobramycin were decreased significantly during the anesthesia with pentobarbital and ether without influence on the volume of distribution. In addition, the decrease in disposition rate constant was correlated significantly with the rectal temperature of the rat. These findings suggest that the decreased disposition rate constant will be responsible for decrease in renal blood flow correlating with the rectal temperature. But, the effect of anesthesia with ether for 30 min persisted for 2 h, even after the rectal temperature recovered to the value for the unanesthetized rats. These facts indicate that factors other than blood flow or rectal temperature might also be considered for the effect of ether anesthesia. Furthermore, the disposition rate constant of sulfanilamide was also decreased under pentobarbital anesthesia, with slight increase in acetylated fraction of sulfanilamide excreted into urine in 24 h. The calculated rate constants of metabolism and excretion were both greatly decreased by the pentobarbital anesthesia. Thus, controlling the anesthetic condition during the experiments will be important to investigate the pharmacokinetics of drugs.

Anesthesia↗
PubMed1982

[Concentration of 5-FU level in the tissue and blood of the patients with breast cancer by preoperative administration of UFT].

A preoperative adjuvant chemotherapy for the prevention of recurrence of breast cancer is necessary. We administrated UFT orally at 600 mg/day to 87 patients with primary breast cancer and measured the 5-FU level in the tissue and blood. The mean blood level of 5-FU after administration was 0.073 mcg/ml at one hr, 0.081 mcg/ml at 2 hrs, 0.043 mcg/ml at 3 hrs and remained significantly after 5 hrs (0.031 mcg/ml). The mean 5-FU level in the dominant vessels of the breast was also significantly high. The mean tumor 5-FU level was 0.22 mcg/g (0.025-0.768) and normal breast tissue level was 0.048 mcg/g (0.011-0.394). This showed significantly high tumor 5-FU level compared with that of normal (p less than 0.001). In comparison of 5-FU levels with tumor sizes of T1, T2 and T3 and histological patterns (papillotubular, medullary tubular and scinhous) not significant difference was observed. The mean metastatic lymph node level of 5-FU was 0.193 mcg/g (0.070-0.789) and normal lymph node level was 0.093 mcg/g (0.008-0.210) (p less than 0.05). In conclusion, preoperative administration of UFT was considered to be very effective for the primary breast cancer because of high tumor affinity of 5-FU.

Antineoplastic Agents↗
PubMed1981

Further studies on complementation between mutants of Clostridium perfringens.

1. Mutants devoid of lambda- and kappa-toxin and hemagglutinin (HA), respectively, were isolated from Cl. perfringens PB6K. The lambda- and HA- mutants could be classified into a and b groups by complementation but the kappa- mutants were all of the a group. 2. All b group mutants isolated, irrespective of the marker used for isolation, were pleiotropically negative or leaky with respect to theta-, lambda- and kappa-toxin and HA production. 3. Lambda-toxin produced by complementation was proved to be a rennet-like protease. 4. The activities of 12 extracellular enzymes, including sialidase, of several b group strains and the parent PB6K were compared, but no definite differences were observed. From this finding, the productions of these enzymes were concluded not to be regulated by the same mechanism as theta-, lambda- and kappa-toxin and HA. 5. Cl. perfringens CN3870 was also studied. Findings were similar to those on PB6K except for very low activity of HA.

Bacterial Toxins↗
PubMed1981

Complementation characteristics of newly isolated mutants from two groups of strains of Clostridium perfringens.

1. Mutants of a group were converted to b group by a second NG treatment. The resulting b group mutants could not produce the marker products that had been lost on the first NG treatment but could produce the others by complementation. 2. Mutants of b group were converted to constitutive mutants by a second NG treatment. No back mutation from b group was observed.

Bacterial Toxins↗