Eyelash reconstruction by means of strip skin grafting with vibrissae.
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Adult↗
Biomedical subjects
Y Hata
Publications and source records attributed to Y Hata.
Increased expression of angiotensin-converting enzyme in retinas of diabetic rats.
PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to examine the localization and the changes in the amount of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and the relationship between the renin-angiotensin (RA) system and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)/VEGF-receptor system in the retinas of diabetic rats. METHODS: Immunohistochemical localization of ACE, VEGF, and VEGF-receptor fetal liver kinase-1 (Flk-1) was examined in cryosections of the retinas of streptozotocin-injected diabetic rats. A semi-quantitative comparison of diabetic rats with age-matched controls was also performed by counting the ACE- or Flk-1-positive vessels per microscopic field. RESULTS: ACE immunoreactivity was localized in the retinal vessel walls, and the percentages of ACE-positive vessels were significantly increased in the retinas of diabetic rats maintained 3 to 5 months. Both VEGF and Flk-1 signals increased simultaneously with the increment of ACE immunoreactivity. CONCLUSIONS: ACE, expressed in the retinal vessel walls, increases simultaneously with the increment of both VEGF and Flk-1 in the retinas of diabetic rats, suggesting that upregulation of ACE might play some role in the progression of diabetic retinopathy through the VEGF/VEGF receptor system.
Animals↗
Morphology of cholesteryl ester-rich inclusions in lesions of atherosclerosis in man.
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Adolescent↗
Cinearthrography of the Bankart lesion and anterior capsule elongation.
Diagnostic cinearthrography was performed on 3368 patients with shoulder pain during the period of 1982 through 1992. Cinearthrography identified a Bankart lesion in 128 shoulders on which surgical stabilization was performed for recurrent anterior dislocation. The operative pathologic condition for each of these patients was correlated and analyzed with the measurements of the Bankart lesion identified on the cinearthrogram. A small Bankart lesion was seen in patients with anterior capsular elongation. A larger Bankart lesion was observed in patients who did not have anterior capsular elongation. Preoperative measurement of anterior capsular elongation has been difficult. An 80% probability existed that the presence and extent of a Bankart lesion identified on a cinearthrogram could be an indicator for the presence of anterior capsular elongation. Preoperative determination of anterior capsular elongation could be useful in selection of the optimum surgical procedure to correct recurrent anterior shoulder dislocations.
Adolescent↗
NMDA receptors in the visual cortex of young kittens are more effective than those of adult cats.
Acidic amino acids, such as glutamate and aspartate, are thought to be excitatory transmitters in the cerebral neocortex and hippocampus. Receptors for these amino acids can be classified into at least three types on the basis of their agonists. Quisqualate-preferring receptors and kainate-preferring receptors are implicated in the mediation of synaptic transmission in many regions including the hippocampus and visual cortex, whereas N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)-preferring receptors are thought to be involved in modulating synaptic efficacy, for example in longterm potentiation, a form of synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus. In the visual cortex of the cat and monkey, it is well established that synaptic plasticity, estimated by susceptibility of binocular responsiveness of cortical neurons to monocular visual deprivation, disappears after the 'critical' period of postnatal development. Here we report that during the critical period in young kittens, a selective NMDA-receptor antagonist blocks visual responses of cortical neurons much more effectively than it does in the adult cat. This suggests that NMDA receptors may be involved in establishing synaptic plasticity in the kitten visual cortex.
Aging↗
A less invasive surgery for rotator cuff tear: mini-open repair.
As a less invasive surgery of the shoulder, the mini-open repair was carried out from March 1997 through December 1998 in 22 patients (mini-open repair group) for all types of rotator cuff tears, except massive tears. A transacromial skin incision about 3 cm long was made. The anterior deltoid was split along its muscle fibers, and an anterior acromioplasty was accomplished by using a specially designed bone rasp. The rotator cuff was repaired with use of the McLaughlin technique. The results were compared with those obtained in 36 patients subjected to conventional open surgery from April 1994 through February 1997 (control group). No significant difference was seen between the UCLA (University of California, Los Angeles) shoulder scores of the two groups 1 year after the repair. However, active forward flexion in the mini-open group was significantly greater than in the control group 3 and 6 months after surgery. With mini-open repair, patients seem to be able to return to sports or social activities earlier than with conventional open surgery.
Adult↗
Shrinkage in the inferior pouch of the scapulohumeral joint is related to postoperative pain after rotator cuff repair: radiographic and arthrographic comparison between patients with postoperative pain and those without it.
Fluoroscopic and arthrographic studies were performed in 50 patients to determine whether pain in the shoulder after rotator cuff repair was related to the restricted movement of the glenohumeral joint. The 50 patients were divided into 2 groups: group A consisted of 22 patients with mild shoulder pain for more than 1 year postoperatively, and group B consisted of the remaining 28 patients without pain after surgery. The motion in the scapulothoracic articulation and that in the glenohumeral joint were analyzed separately by measurement of the scapular motion on radiographs taken under fluoroscopic control. The glenohumeral joint capacity was measured by arthrography. Changes in the glenoid tilting angle with shoulder elevation were significantly greater in group A than those in group B. Patients in group A demonstrated a significantly smaller inferior pouch on arthrograms than those in group B. The patients with shoulder pain after rotator cuff repair thus had reduced capacity and motion of the glenohumeral joint.
Adult↗
Solid phase extraction and HPLC analysis of toxic components eluted from methyl methacrylate dental materials.
Methyl methacrylate polymer (PolyMMA) is widely used as the composite resin for the dental plate. During the fabrication process of PolyMMA for the polymerization reaction, benzoylperoxide (BPO) and N,N-dimethyl p-toluidine (DMPT) are added as the initiator and the stimulator, respectively. Because these compounds exhibit toxicity as well as a residue potential, their use raises concerns regarding human safety. The degree of dissolution into serum was determined to evaluate risk to the user. Analysis was by HPLC combined with solid-phase extraction using a C-18 column. The eluted compounds were found to be in the order of 10 to 100 ppm.
Benzoates↗
Cholestatic hepatocellular carcinoma diagnosed by deposits of Lipiodol and treated by combination of endoscopic retrograde biliary drainage and transcatheter arterial embolization.
Cholestatic hepatocellular carcinoma, which grows into the bile duct and causes obstructive jaundice, is rare and difficult to diagnose. A case is presented in which cholestatic hepatocellular carcinoma was detected by deposit of Lipiodol. This is also the first case that was successfully treated by endoscopic retrograde biliary drainage and transcatheter arterial embolization.
Adult↗
The suppressive effect of tecogalan sodium on in vitro angiogenesis via the periendothelial proteolytic activities.
The exact mechanisms of the angiostatic effect by tecogalan sodium (TS) remain unclear. We examined the effects of TS on in vitro angiogenic activity, proteolytic activity and proliferation of retinal vascular endothelial cells (RECs). TS markedly inhibited the in vitro angiogenic activity of RECs although the growth inhibition of RECs was small. TS apparently decreased the cell-associated urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) activity and matrix metalloprotease 1 (MMP-1) activity even in the presence of anti-bFGF IgG. Thus, the suppression of the periendothelial matrix-degrading activities related to uPA and MMP-1 is suggested to be another possible mechanism of the antiangiogenic effect of TS, besides its prevention of bFGF REC binding which has previously been reported.
Animals↗
Comparison between morning and evening doses of simvastatin in hyperlipidemic subjects. A double-blind comparative study.
Previous studies have shown that simvastatin, a hydroxymethyl glutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitor, reduces plasma cholesterol levels when administered once a day. In the present study, the efficacy and tolerability of a morning and an evening dose were compared. The dosages employed were 2.5 and 5 mg for 12 weeks. This investigation was a double-blind, placebo-controlled study involving 172 hyperlipidemic subjects whose plasma cholesterol levels were higher than 220 mg/dl. During the study period, mean changes in plasma cholesterol level (from baseline) were -11% with the 2.5-mg q.a.m. regimen, -15% with the 2.5-mg q.p.m. regimen, -14% with the 5-mg q.a.m. regimen, and -21% with the 5-mg q.p.m. regimen. Each of these changes was statistically significant when compared with that in the placebo group (p less than 0.001). In addition, the reduction in cholesterol level was significantly greater with the evening regimen than with the morning regimen for both the 2.5-mg (p less than 0.05) and the 5-mg (p less than 0.05) dosages. The changes in triglyceride and high density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in each group were not significantly different from those in the placebo group. There were no differences in the incidence of clinical adverse reactions among the various treatment groups. In conclusion, when simvastatin was administered orally once per day in the evening, it reduced cholesterol levels to a significantly greater degree than when it was given in the morning.
Administration, Oral↗
Surgical results of combined pars plana vitrectomy, phacoemulsification, and intraocular lens implantation.
PURPOSE: To evaluate the results and complications of combined pars plana vitrectomy (PPV), phacoemulsification and aspiration (PEA), and intraocular lens (IOL) implantation. METHODS: A total of 117 eyes from 114 patients who had undergone PPV combined with PEA and IOL implantation were retrospectively analyzed. Combined surgery was performed for a wide variety of vitreoretinal diseases. Intraoperative and postoperative complications were also reviewed. RESULTS: The postoperative BCVA improved by 2 lines or more in 85 eyes (72.6%). Intraoperative complications consisted of retinal tears in 14 eyes (12.0%) and posterior capsular rupture in 2 eyes (1.7%). Iatrogenic retinal tears occurred more frequently in eyes with a macular hole than in eyes with any other disease (p=0.005, chi-square test). Postoperative complications consisted of posterior capsule opacification (PCO) (21 eyes), transient IOP elevation (29 eyes), vitreous hemorrhage (6 eyes), anterior chamber fibrin exudation (11 eyes), posterior iris synechia (8 eyes), neovascular glaucoma (1 eye), and recurrent retinal detachment (RD) (2 eyes). Fibrin exudation occurred more frequently in eyes with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) and RD than in eyes with any other disease (p=0.03, chi-square test). PCO occurred more frequently in eyes with PDR than in eyes with any other disease (p=0.03, chi-square test). CONCLUSIONS: The present study suggests that a high success rate can be achieved when recently improved PPV techniques are combined wi th PEA and IOL implantation. The complications that were observed following this combined treatment varied with respect to the vitreoretinal disease present prior to surgery.
Adult↗
Thin section computed tomography in the prone position for detection of axillary lymph node metastases in breast cancer.
Presence or absence of lymph node metastases is the most accurate prognostic indicator in breast cancer. Clinical examination is unreliable in detecting involved nodes. Formerly, CT (computed tomography) was concluded to be an unreliable predictor of axillary lymph node involvement, primarily because of its low negative predictive value. In our institute, thin section CT (TS-CT) in the prone position was performed in patients with breast cancer to improve the predictability of axillary lymph node involvement. Pre-operative TS-CT examination of the axilla and breast was performed in 71 women with breast cancer. The sensitivity for involved nodes was 93.8%, the specificity 82.1%, and the accuracy 87. 3%. Based on these results, we concluded that TS-CT is an accurate predictor of axillary lymph node involvement. However, the upper limit of accuracy was approximately 85% for the imaging diagnoses, mainly because of the existance of micrometastases.
Adult↗
Analysis of stress distribution in a screw-retained implant prosthesis.
Four types of implant superstructures were screwed onto implant bodies, and the strains created around the implant bodies were compared and analyzed within the IMZ Implant System. Three IMZ implants were embedded in the center of a polyurethane block (30 x 40 x 30 mm), and a total of 16 superstructures was fabricated by 4 methods: 1-piece cast, 1-piece cast/split soldering, soldering, and passive fit. Six strain gauges were placed on the surface of the block 1 mm apart. Three embedded implants were numbered, and a fixed partial denture was placed on these implants and screwed by a torque wrench using 14.5 Ncm torque. This procedure was repeated 7 times for each fixed partial denture, and each created strain was measured when the last screw was tightened. In all fixed partial dentures, strains were produced around the implant bodies when screws retaining the prosthesis were tightened, and the strain was relieved with unscrewing. The magnitude of strain was greater with the 1-piece cast method or the section/solder method than with the soldering and passive-fit methods. Of the 2 soldering methods, when the screw on the middle implant was tightened before those on the terminal 2 implants, the magnitude of strain was lower with the soldering method than with the 1-piece cast/split soldering method. When the order of screw tightening was changed, there were significant differences in the magnitude of strain at each gauge with the soldering method. With the passive-fit method, no differences in the magnitude of strain attributable to the order of screw tightening could be detected. The magnitude of strain produced around a screw-retained implant prosthesis was significantly lower with the passive-fit method when compared to the other 3 fabricating methods. Furthermore, the implants prepared by the passive-fit method were not affected by the order of screw tightening.
Analysis of Variance↗
Gradual adjustment of circaseptan-circadian blood pressure and heart rate rhythms after a trans-9-meridian flight.
Circadian and circaseptan adjustment of blood pressure and heart rate after a transmeridian flight by a family of four was relatively fast, but it was not abrupt; it was not completed during the first week in the new setting. Gradual changes continued for the ensuing three weeks. The circadian and circaseptan rhythm characteristics and their adjustment in particular differed among variables in the husband: the circadian component of heart rate adjusted more rapidly than that of blood pressure. The adjustment also differed among two members of the family. A new phenomenon, namely a difference in circadian rhythm adjustment between husband and wife, is also described herein: the wife's circadian rhythm in blood pressure advanced by 9 hours within the 4-week span of recording following a 9-hour advance in living routine (after a 9-zone transmeridian flight); since both schedule and rhythm moved in the same direction (albeit not at the same rate), the behavior may be dubbed concursive. By contrast, the husband delayed to achieve the same adjustment: his behavior was anticursive. The phenomenon of a difference in direction of adjustment for different variables in the same subject has been described earlier as polarity, now qualified as intra-individual polarity, to separate it from the precedent of an intrafamilial or more broadly inter-individual polarity or partitioning, reported apparently for the first time and dubbed 'cursion'.
Adult↗
Magnetic resonance imaging of the normal pituitary gland and pituitary adenoma: preliminary experience with a resistive magnet.
Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging was performed in fifty normal pituitary glands, ten pituitary microadenomas, and twelve adenomas with extrasellar extension using a 0.15 Tesla resistive magnet. The average height of normal glands was 5.6 +/- 1.2 mm, whereas that of microadenomas was 6.8 +/- 1.0 mm. The superior surface and internal texture of these conditions were well delineated. Adenomas that showed extrasellar extension together with surrounding structures were well demonstrated on sagittal and coronal scans. It can be expected that with further technical developments MR imaging will play an important role in the clinical management of pituitary adenomas.
Adenoma↗
The effect of long-term use of intrauterine devices.
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Adult↗
Blunt liver trauma: a new concept for classification of liver trauma based on vessel injury.
We reviewed a consecutive 143 cases of blunt liver trauma, 43 children and 100 adults, to clarify the pathosis of liver trauma and to reasonably select treatment, non-operative or operative management. The primary determinant in the prognosis of liver trauma was clearly hemorrhage due to vessel injuries and its main treatment method was hemostasis. We developed a new concept for the classification of blunt liver trauma based on vessel injuries: I = subcapsular Glissonian vessel injuries, II = transcapsular Glissonian vessel injuries and III = in-/out-flow vessel injuries and 3 basic types were divided into 2 subtypes, respectively. Distribution of liver trauma according to the present classification was as follows: type I = 23% in child cases and 22% in adult cases, type II = 65% and 64% and type III = 12% and 14%, respectively. The main management was non-operative for type I, minor or major surgery for type II, and extended surgery for type III. The analysis of dead cases showed the following: I = 0% in child cases and 6% in adult, II = 60% and 55%; III = 40% and 39%, respectively. The first direct cause was hemorrhage: 60% in child cases and 49% in adult. The present classification was applicable for both child and adult patients, and presented a selection of management for liver trauma, suggesting the prognosis.
Adult↗