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Biomedical subjects

Y Hashimoto

Publications and source records attributed to Y Hashimoto.

At least 1,117 records · Page 62Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Comparison of transport of procainamide and N-acetylprocainamide from blood into the intestinal lumen with that into the peritoneal cavity in rats.

Transfer of procainamide and its active metabolite, N-acetylprocainamide (NAPA) from the blood into the intestinal lumen was compared with that into the peritoneal cavity after i.v. administration of procainamide at the dose of 10 mg/kg to rats. The amounts of both drugs transferred from the blood into the intestinal lumen were much greater than those into the peritoneal cavity. The average amounts of procainamide transferred in 2 h into the intestinal lumen and the peritoneal cavity were 12.7% and 1.7% of dose (10 mg/kg), respectively, while those of NAPA were 3.5% and 1.4% of dose. The intestinal and peritoneal clearance values of procainamide were 143.5 and 59.4 ml/h, respectively, and those of NAPA were 32.6 and 13.5 ml/h. The difference in transfer rates across the intestinal and peritoneal membranes may be due to difference in the area of permeative surface and the extent of ionization in the dialysate. Consequently, it is expected that the gastrointestinal dialysis by oral administration of activated charcoal may serve as one of the more useful hemopurification methods than the peritoneal dialysis in procainamide and NAPA intoxication.

Acecainide↗
PubMed1990

Pharmacokinetics of theophylline and phenobarbital during peritoneal dialysis compared with intestinal dialysis in rats.

The transfer rates of theophylline and phenobarbital from blood into the peritoneal cavity were investigated after their intravenous administrations at a dose of 10 mg/kg each in rats. Appreciable amounts of both drugs were transported into the dialysate with their transfer rates decreasing as the serum concentrations declined. The average amount of theophylline transferred into the dialysate was 17% and 24% of dose in 2 and 4 h, respectively, while that of phenobarbital was 13% and 45% of dose in 2 and 8 h, respectively. The amounts appeared to be greater than those transported into the intestinal lumen which was previously reported by the authors. Peritoneal dialysis decreased the serum half-life and the area under the serum concentration-time curve (AUC) value of theophylline from 2.1 to 1.5 h and from 38 to 26 micrograms.h/ml, respectively and increased the total body clearance by 47% as compared with the control. The dialysis also decreased the serum half-life and the AUC value of phenobarbital from 8.3 to 5.3 h and from 116 to 83 micrograms.h/ml, respectively and increased the total body clearance by 112% as compared with the control. Overall, the effectiveness of peritoneal dialysis in removing theophylline and phenobarbital appears to be not very different from that of intestinal dialysis with oral activated charcoal which has been previously reported by the authors in spite of the difference in transport into the intestinal lumen and peritoneum.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

A comparative study on S-100 protein-immunoreactive cells in lymph nodes.

S-100 protein-immunoreactive cells of the lymph node were examined in the duck and 9 mammalian species, such as guinea pigs, dogs, cats, horses, pigs, goats, cows, Japanese serows and crab-eating monkeys. S-100 protein was detected in follicular dendritic cells (FDC) and tangible-body macrophages (TBM), sinus and parenchymal macrophage (MP), sinus endothelial cells (SEC) and interdigitating reticulum-like cells (IRC) in the node of mammalian species, but not in the duck except nervous elements. S-100-positive FDC and TBM were detected in germinal centers of the nodes in all mammalian species, but immunoreactivity of the other 3 cell types varied according to animal species and individuals of the same species. S-100 alpha subunit was detected in FDC, with the exception of those of the duck and guinea pig. The subunit was also detected in SEC of the dog, cow and Japanese serow. In the guinea pig, a unique S-100 alpha-positive giant dendritic cell (GDC) was found in the subsinusal cortical area. In addition, S-100 immunoreactive lymphocytes were observed in the paracortex-equivalent area of pig nodes. Arterial endothelial cells of the pig and cow were immunoreactive to S-100 beta subunit.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Localization of immunoglobulins in the chicken oviduct.

Studies were made on the distribution of lymphoid tissues and immunoglobulin (Ig: IgA, IgG and IgM)-containing cells (cIg: cIgA, cIgG and cIgM) and the localization of immunoglobulins (Igs) in the oviducal walls of laying hens. Lymphocyte accumulations were occasionally observed, located mainly in the middle infundibulum and in the regions from the isthmus to the vagina. The number of cIgG significantly predominated over that of cIgA or cIgM in the mucosal connective tissue of the magnum and the isthmus. In contrast, in the regions other than the magnum and the isthmus, these three types of cIg were fewer in number. Igs were localized in some superficial epithelial cells (SECs) and glandular cells (GlCs) of the oviduct. Many IgG-containing SECs were found in the infundibulum, the isthmus, and the cranial and major uterus. IgA- or IgM-containing SECs were rare throughout the oviduct. Three types of Ig-containing GlCs were numerously found in the magnum, though lymphocyte accumulations were scarce there. In the isthmus, many IgG-containing GlCs were found, while IgA- or IgM-containing GlCs were rarely observed. Ig-containing GlCs in the magnum were considerably decreased in number after the egg passage. The results suggest that the maternal Igs are transferred to the egg mainly through GlCs in the magnum of the chicken oviduct, and that the oviducal lymphoid tissues have little relationship to the passive immunity.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Increase in colony stimulating factor (CSF) in serum and augmentation of CSF responsiveness of lymphoid mononuclear cells by acute Trypanosoma cruzi infection in mice.

Acute infection of Trypanosoma (T.) cruzi to C3H/HeN mice caused the induction of a higher level of serum colony stimulating factor (CSF) activity to support the proliferation of mouse bone marrow cells. The CSF activity reached a maximum 2 days after the infection and declined thereafter. Spleen cells of the T. cruzi-infected mice showed higher levels of responsiveness to CSF in L929-conditioned medium, mouse recombinant GM-CSF and infected mouse sera as compared with normal mouse spleen cells. The induction of CSF-responding cells became plateau 4 days after the infection and it decreased thereafter. In concomitant with the production of CSF activity in the infected mouse sera, large granular cells bearing high intensity of Mac-2 antigen increased in the infected mouse spleen. These cells were nylon nonadherent and displayed inhibitory effect on T cell response to Con A. These findings indicate that T. cruzi infection induces augmentation of in vivo CSF production, leading to the abnormal proliferation of CSF-responding cells and that augmented production of, and responsiveness to, CSF might be one of important mechanisms responsible for the induction of immune abnormalities in T. cruzi-infected mice.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Three-dimensional structure of the rat intestinal wall (mucosa and submucosa).

The three-dimensional organization of the mucosa and submucosa of the rat intestine was analysed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) aided by micro-dissection methods. New functional aspects raised by the SEM observations were examined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Morphogenesis of the intestinal villi was also illustrated three dimensionally. Removal of the epithelium by osmic acid maceration revealed the presence of many round fenestrations averaging 3 microns in diameter over the villous basal lamina. TEM confirmed that they were not artifacts but represented passages or tracks of cells of the immune system such as lymphocytes, eosinophils and macrophages. Penetration of the epithelial processes into the lamina propria was also observed. Close contacts between these free cells and the epithelial cells suggest an intercellular communication between these different cell types. The basal lamina is thus appears as a structure that allows dynamic interaction between the epithelial layer and the lamina propria, though it is generally regarded as a rigid structure acting as a barrier. Beneath the basal lamina, a cellular reticulum of fibroblast-like cells overlies the capillary network in the villi. These cells are characterized by bundles of actin filaments and contact with each other by gap junctions. This cellular reticulum probably influences the absorption of nutrients from the villi by its contractile ability in addition to its supportive role. A similar cellular network occurs beneath the epithelium of the intestinal glands. These cells may also mechanically support the glandular organization, maintaining the delicate microvascular bed. The submucosa is considered the skeleton of the intestine. SEM reveals the main framework of the submucosa is as being composed of two sets of collagen fibers running diagonally around the intestinal wall, one set in a clockwise direction, the other, counterclockwise. These fibers--in different arrays--interweave to form a lattice sheet, which presumably provides the tissue with a high resistance to mechanical forces, particularly in respect to radial forces. The diagonal orientation of the collagen fibers is essential for the flexibility of the submucosa in allowing deformation of the intestinal wall during peristalsis. Despite the nonelastic nature of the collagen fibers, the submucosa can adapt to the various shapes of the intestinal lumen by simply changing the angles formed by these fibers. Structures of the villous microcirculation, the muscularis mucosae and of the submucous plexus are also discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

[Three-month oral subacute toxicity study of mofezolac (N-22) in rats].

A three-month oral subacute toxicity study of mofezolac (N-22), a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent, was performed using dose levels of 6, 20, 60 and 200 mg/kg in rats, and recovery was also assessed one month after withdrawal. 1. Toxic signs caused by N-22 administration, observed only in the 200 mg/kg group, were as follows: soiling around the mouth and/or nose, piloerection, anemia, diarrhea, emaciation and decreased spontaneous locomotor activity. Nine males and thirteen females in the 200 mg/kg group excreted bloody diarrhea and died of general exhaustion between weeks four and thirteen of study. 2. In the 200 mg/kg group, decrease in food consumption and suppression of body weight gain were noted in males from about week four and in females from about week six after initiation of administration, and increase in water consumption was noted in males from about week seven. 3. Urinary examination revealed a decline in urinary pH in males of the 20 mg/kg and above groups and elevation of urobilinogen levels in males of the 60 and 200 mg/kg groups. 4. Hematological examination showed decreases in erythrocyte count (RBC), hematocrit value (Ht) and hemoglobin concentration (Hb) and increase in reticulocyte rate in both sexes of the 200 mg/kg group and an increase in neutrophil rate in males of the 200 mg/kg group. 5. Biochemical examination demonstrated a decrease in chloride (Cl-) in males receiving the 20 mg/kg or above doses and a decrease in calcium (Ca++) in males of the 60 and 200 mg/kg groups. Moreover, there were decreases in cholinesterase (ChE) activity, total protein (TP) and albumin (Alb) values, as well as increases in blood urea nitrogen (BUN), uric acid (UA) and potassium (K+) in both sexes of the 200 mg/kg group, along with elevations in GOT and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activities in females of the 200 mg/kg group. 6. The absolute and/or relative organ weights for liver, kidneys, spleen and adrenals were increased in the 200 mg/kg group. 7. On pathological examination, perforating ulceration in the jejunum and ileum, turbid ascites, adhesion and inflammatory changes in capsules of the abdominal organs, splenomegaly, mesenteric lymph node hyperplasia and inflammatory changes in the thoracic cavity were observed in dead animals of the 200 mg/kg group. Similar pathological changes were observed in a few survival cases of the 200 mg/kg group. 8. After a one month recovery period, the above-mentioned changes had mostly recovered, indicating that they were reversible.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1990

[Prostate specific monoclonal antibody gained by glycolipid immunization].

Extraction of glycolipid component from hypertrophic and cancerous prostatic tissue were performed using chloroform-methanol solution and isopropanol-hexan-solution. The extract was separated into the "upper phase" and "lower phase" by Folchs fractionation technic. Each fraction was conjugated with acid treated salmonella minesota and than it was injected subcutaneously, intra-peritoneally and finally intravenously to BALB/c mice. Spleen cells from immunized mice were fused with P3X63, and antibody APG1 was obtained. APG1 shows a preferential reactivity towards prostatic tissue by the immunohistochemical analysis. Furthermore, the immunohistochemical analysis using enzyme and acid treated tissue and TLC immunostaining indicate that this monoclonal antibody specifically recognizes the sialylglycochain expressed in the prostatic tissue.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1990

[A case of cerebral thrombosis presenting global aphasia without hemiparesis].

We reported a 62-year-old male with cerebral thrombosis presenting global aphasia without hemiparesis. The patient had an episode of aphasia 15 years ago, but recovered within 6 months. This time he had transient right sided mild hemiparesis, then he became aphasia next morning. When we examined at day 10 and day 15, his consciousness was clear, nothing he could speech, he could not understand or repeat. We diagnosed him global aphasia, but he had no hemiparesis except for right facial mild paresis and was able to walk. CT scan showed low density area in left and right posterior, left anterior watershed and left terminal zone. Cerebral angiography disclosed thrombotic occlusion of main trunk of left middle cerebral artery, and ambient segment of right posterior cerebral artery. Global aphasia without hemiparesis has been said a sign of embolic encephalopathy. This case was considered a very rare case, because he revealed global aphasia without hemiparesis by thrombotic occlusion.

Aphasia↗
PubMed1990

[Immunohistological demonstration of developmental protein GP68 in human tumor and embryonic tissues].

A developmental protein GP68 is known to appear stage-specifically in the developmental mouse brain. The expression of GP68 in tissues of 265 various human tumors and of 2 human embryos was examined immunohistologically using specific anti-GP68 rabbit antisera. Generally, endodermal, neural, and germ cell tumors were most frequently positive, while mesenchymal tumors were mostly and ectodermal tumors were intermediate. Anti-GP68 also gave positive reactions with some of non-neoplastic cells of cancer patients generally to lesser extents than neoplastic cells. Muscle and bone tissues of a 4-week-old embryo were weakly positive. Some tumors that were negative for CEA and AFP were strongly positive for GP68. The expression of GP68 in human tumor cells may represent an abnormal cellular gene-expression associated with the neoplastic change of the cell.

Carcinoembryonic Antigen↗
PubMed1990

[The application of flow cytometry in analysis of erythrocyte antigen determinants].

FCM has become an invaluable technique in a variety of clinical and research applications. Then, FCM is used for quantitative analysis of human erythrocyte antigens using Spectrum III. Antibody sensitizations give rise to erythrocyte agglutination making the FCM analysis of a single cell impossible. However, such agglutination could be prevented by some of erythrocyte fixations with PFA and DMS. To make examinations in an optimal concentration of primary antibodies was important for FCM assay. FCM was used to detect small percentage of D antigen positive cell contaminated in negative samples, subsequently positive cells were finally detected in 0.2%. This assay was utilized on a recipient of M/N mismatched allogeneic BMT, and an accurate proof of engraftment was obtained. Relationship of the numbers of antigen determinants and immunofluorescence intensities might be in linear correlation by log-log transformation. The fluorescence intensities of D antigen were analyzed for different rhesus phenotypes and variants such as Du and -D- cells. Lower fluorescence intensities on Du and higher intensities on -D- cell could be seen comparing with average value of D positive cells. However, no relationship between rhesus phenotypes and anti-D immunofluorescence intensities was observed. These findings suggest that FCM is useful and accurate technique for measuring relative antigen determinants of erythrocyte.

Blood Group Antigens↗
PubMed1990

Enantio-oligodeoxyribonucleotides.

As a sugar-modified oligonucleotide, a hexamer of 9-(2-deoxy-beta-L-erythro-pentafuranosyl)-9H-purin-6-amine, [L-(dAp)5dA], was synthesized by triester method. The L-hexamer was resistant to bovine spleen phosphodiesterase. UV absorption studies indicated that L-hexamer formed a complex with poly U but not with poly dT at 0 degrees C. It was assumed that enantio-DNA's possese the ability to distinguish complementary RNA from DNA.

Adenine Nucleotides↗
PubMed1990

[A study on the utility of flumazenil for patients in the ICU].

Flumazenil, a specific antagonist of benzodiazepines, was administered to adult patients receiving treatment at ICU, and its utility to hasten recovery from sedation was evaluated in 40 patients and its usefulness for differential diagnosis of sedated conditions was also evaluated in 5 patients. The efficacy rate for recovery from sedation induced by benzodiazepines was 85.0%. Moreover, flumazenil was considered to be useful for differentiation of sedated conditions when causes were unknown. Depression of respiration improved in association with improvement of consciousness level. In some patients an elevation in blood pressure was also observed with improved consciousness.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[A case of town-gas intoxication occurring to a family].

A peculiar case of town-gas intoxication occurring to a family is reported. The victims were a 56-year-old man, his 52-year-old wife and his 20-year-old daughter. They were found in the room at third floor of an apartment house made of reinforced concrete. Although the man has already died, his wife and daughter were comatose. From the autopsy findings, the postmortem interval of the corpse was presumably 3-4 days and CO-Hb concentrations in left and right ventricular blood were 60.7 and 62.2%, respectively. The typical components of town-gas, methane, ethylene and ethane, were detected in air of lung and in several organs. The cause of death of man was CO intoxication due to town-gas. After a short duration of recovery of consciousness by general emergency treatment, his wife relapsed into a coma. The bilateral necroses in globus pallidus and nucleus caudatus of his daughter were confirmed by MRI and CT. Although she could recover from a coma by emergency treatment, amnesia and intelligence disorder have remained. Decubital ulcers were recognized on the backs of bodies of wife and daughter, but not on that of the corpse. The leak volume of town-gas from the gas-cooker was 0.430-0.434 m3 an hour, which was nearly equal to 0.0258-0.0260 m3 of CO volume an hour. CO concentration in the room can increase at the rate of 0.03% an hour in the condition of uniform diffusion of town-gas.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Altered expression of cytochrome P-450 isozymes by aromatic amine carcinogens in experimental animals: correlation with hepatocarcinogenesis.

Carcinogenic aromatic amines such as amino acid and protein pyrolysate compounds and aminoazo dyes induced predominantly P450IA2, which is responsible for mutagenic activation of the aromatic amines, in rats and mice. The induction rate and total activity of this cytochrome P-450 isozyme were well correlated with sex, species, and target organ differences in hepatocarcinogenic susceptibility of animals to the aromatic amines. Preneoplastic liver cells induced by treatment with N,N-diethylnitrosamine and 2-acetylaminofluorene diminished the capacity for P450IA2 induction but retained that for P450IA1 induction. These findings confirm that P450IA2 has an important role in hepatocarcinogenesis by aromatic amines.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1990

[Evaluation of the action of pipecuronium bromide in patients under halothane anesthesia--a comparison with pancuronium bromide regarding their neuromuscular blocking and cardiovascular effects].

Neuromuscular blocking and circulatory actions of pipecuronium bromide (PPB) were evaluated in patients under halothane-nitrous oxide-oxygen anesthesia in comparison with those of pancuronium bromide (PCB) in a multi-center cooperative study. Twitch tension of the adductor pollicis muscle was elicited by supramaximal stimulation of the ulnar nerve every 10 seconds. The study was performed according to the following 4 steps and the results were obtained. 1) Cumulative administration of 0.01 mg.kg-1 of PPB or PCB resulted in the potency ratio of 1.3:1.0 and the dose response curves of the two agents paralleled with each other. 2) With PPB 0.05 mg.kg-1 or 0.1 mg.kg-1, almost 100% block of the twitch was obtained. Both duration of action and the recovery time were shorter with 0.05 mg.kg-1 group. 3) After the first dose of 0.04 mg.kg-1 when the twitch recovered to 25% of the initial height 0.02 mg.kg-1 was given and this was repeated. Intervals between the doses showed large individual differences and no significant change was observed with repeated doses. 4) Safety of the drug. No significant change in heart rate or blood pressure was observed with PPB but with PCB a significant increase in heart rate was observed. The study revealed that PPB is slightly more potent than PCB and the duration of action is longer, but it has no untoward cardiovascular action in man under halothane anesthesia.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[A case of intrapulmonary lymph node simulating small carcinoma of the lung].

A 48-year-old male was admitted for further examination of a coin lesion with a diameter of 8 mm seen on chest X-ray. The patient was a heavy smoker and his serum level of CEA was elevated to 29.8 ng/ml. Since the broncho-fiberscopic examination was not able to yield a definitive diagnosis, an operation was performed as lung cancer was suspected. According to the histological examination, the small nodule was diagnosed as an intrapulmonary lymph node with anthracosis and silicotic nodules. A review of the limited number of case reports shows that men are more prone to intrapulmonary lymph nodes, and that the patients were all smokers but not necessarily with occupational experience of exposure to silica.

Carcinoma, Small Cell↗