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Y Hasegawa

Publications and source records attributed to Y Hasegawa.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2026

Eribulin versus taxane as first-line chemotherapy combined with dual HER2 blockade in patients with HER2-positive locally advanced or metastatic breast cancer: final survival outcomes of the JBCRG-M06/EMERALD study.

BACKGROUND: The phase III JBCRG-M06/EMERALD study was the first to show noninferior progression-free survival (PFS) of eribulin to taxane, combined with dual human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) blockade (trastuzumab plus pertuzumab), as a first-line treatment for HER2-positive locally advanced breast cancer or metastatic breast cancer (LABC/MBC). We report final survival outcomes and biomarker analyses of the EMERALD trial. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Patients with HER2-positive LABC/MBC were randomly assigned 1:1 to either eribulin or physician-choice taxane (docetaxel or paclitaxel), both combined with trastuzumab plus pertuzumab, as first-line chemotherapy. PFS and overall survival (OS) were assessed through 30 June 2023 for PFS and 31 December 2024 for OS. Survival outcomes were compared between the eribulin and taxane groups and according to circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) detection of PIK3CA mutations (PIK3CAm+; E542K, E545K, H1047R, and N345K single nucleotide variants) or HER2 amplification (HER2 amp+; ERBB2 copy number >2.5). RESULTS: Median OS was 78.5 months [95% confidence interval (CI) 64.3-not reached (NR)] for eribulin and was NR for taxane, with a hazard ratio of 1.25 (95% CI 0.92-1.71, log-rank P = 0.19). The 60-month OS rates were 59.7% and 65.2% for eribulin and taxane, respectively. Median OS and 60-month OS rates were numerically lower in ctDNA PIK3CAm+ patients, and greater in ctDNA HER2 amp+ patients for all patients and with stratification by treatment group. There were no statistical interactions between treatment group with either ctDNA PIK3CAm or ctDNA HER2 amp status. Similar patterns were observed for PFS. CONCLUSION: Final survival analysis revealed that median OS exceeded 6 years with eribulin or physician-choice taxane, combined with trastuzumab plus pertuzumab, as first-line chemotherapy for HER2-positive LABC/MBC, with no significant differences between the two groups. ctDNA PIK3CAm+ status was a poor prognostic factor. ctDNA HER2 amp+ was associated with longer survival.

Aged↗
PubMed2025

Impact of Chewing Behavior Change on Cognition and Cerebral Hemodynamics.

BACKGROUND: Impaired chewing ability is a recognized risk factor for cognitive decline in older adults, potentially due to reduced neural stimulation in cognition-related brain regions. While short-term studies have demonstrated transient increases in neural activity from chewing, the sustained cognitive and neurophysiological effects of encouraging thorough chewing habits in daily life remain unclear. OBJECTIVE: This randomized controlled trial investigated whether promoting thorough chewing during meals could improve cognitive function and cerebral hemodynamics in older adults. METHODS: Fifty participants aged 65 y or older were randomly assigned to either a 1-mo intervention group, which used a wearable device to monitor and increase chewing strokes during meals, or a control group that maintained usual chewing habits. Chewing behavior, cognitive performance (including memory and executive function via the color Stroop test), and cerebral hemodynamics in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) were measured at baseline and after 1 mo. Statistical analyses included t tests, chi-square tests, 2-way analysis of variance with post hoc tests, Pearson correlations, and generalized linear models to evaluate group differences and associations between chewing and cognitive outcomes. RESULTS: Significant time-by-group interactions were observed for memory, F(1, 48) = 6.24, P = 0.043, and hemodynamic responses in the left DLPFC, F(1, 48) = 6.19, P = 0.013. The intervention group showed increased chewing frequency (P = 0.017), improved memory performance, and reduced left DLPFC responses compared with controls. Chewing frequency was positively correlated with Stroop test scores (r = 0.53, P = 0.010) and negatively with hemodynamic changes in the left DLPFC (r = -0.30, P = 0.040). Although improvements in other cognitive outcomes and hemodynamic measures favored the intervention group, these differences did not reach statistical significance. CONCLUSIONS: Promoting intentional chewing habits for 1 mo may enhance memory-related cognitive performance and neural efficiency in the DLPFC during working memory tasks in older adults. This nonpharmacologic, low-burden strategy warrants further research with longer interventions to support cognitive health and dementia prevention. TRIAL REGISTRATION ID: UMIN000044280Knowledge Transfer Statement:This study demonstrates that promoting thorough chewing habits in older adults can improve memory and enhance neural efficiency in the brain. Encouraging intentional mastication is a simple, nonpharmacologic approach that may help maintain cognitive health and prevent dementia, providing a practical strategy for clinicians and policymakers to support healthy aging.

Humans↗
PubMed2007

Influence of human jaw movement on cerebral blood flow.

Temporal changes in cerebral blood flow induced by jaw movement have yet to be investigated. To assess the influence of pattern and intensity of muscle contraction during jaw movement on task-induced change in cerebral blood flow, we performed bilateral transcranial Doppler ultrasound examination during clenching, gum chewing, and tooth tapping in healthy volunteers. A random-effects model analysis revealed a significant increase in middle cerebral artery blood flow velocity during clenching (high muscle activity) and gum chewing (moderate muscle activity), compared with the preceding rest period; however, such an increase was not detected during tooth tapping (low muscle activity). Cerebral blood flow was greater on the working side during the intensive isometric contraction of the masseter muscle in clenching. These results suggest that task-induced change in cerebral blood flow during jaw movement is influenced by the change in peripheral circulation evoked by muscle contraction.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Glucose utilization in the inferior cerebellar vermis and ocular myoclonus.

In a patient with symptomatic ocular myoclonus, the authors observed the regional cerebral metabolic rate of glucose use (rCMRGlu) before and after successful treatment with clonazepam. Even after the symptoms resolved, the rCMRGlu in the hypertrophic olive increased persistently, whereas that in the inferior cerebellar vermis contralateral to the hypertrophic olive decreased. The inferior cerebellar vermis, belonging to the vestibulocerebellar system, may be associated with the generation of symptomatic ocular myoclonus.

Aged, 80 and over↗
PubMed2006

Evidence for large direct CP violation in B+/- --> rho(770)0K+/- from analysis of three-body charmless B+/- --> K+/-pi+/-pi+/- decays.

We report results on a Dalitz analysis of three-body charmless B+/- --> K+/-pi+/-pi+/- decay including searches for direct CP violation. We report the first observation of the decay B+/- --> f2(1270)K+/- with a statistical significance above 6sigma. We also observe first evidence for large direct CP violation in the B+/- --> rho(770)0K+/- channel. The results are obtained with a data sample that contains 386 10(6) BB pairs collected at the Y(4s) resonance with the Belle detector at the KEKB asymmetric-energy e+e- collider.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2006

16q-linked autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxia: a clinical and genetic study.

The autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxias (ADCAs) comprise a genetically and clinically heterogenous group of neurodegenerative disorders. Very recently, a C-to-T single nucleotide substitution in the puratrophin-1 gene was found to be strongly associated with a form of ADCA linked to chromosome 16q22.1 (16q-linked ADCA; OMIM 600223). We found the C-to-T substitution in the puratrophin-1 gene in 20 patients with ataxia (16 heterozygotes and four homozygotes) and four asymptomatic carriers in 9 of 24 families with an unknown type of ADCA. We also found two cases with 16q-linked ADCA among 43 sporadic patients with late-onset cortical cerebellar atrophy (LCCA). The mean age at onset in the 22 patients was 61.8 years, and that of homozygous patients was lower than that of heterozygous ones in one family. Neurological examination revealed that the majority of our patients showed exaggerated deep tendon reflexes in addition to the cardinal symptom of cerebellar ataxia (100%), and 37.5% of them had sensorineural hearing impairment, whereas sensory axonal neuropathy was absent. The frequency of 16q-linked ADCA was about 1/10 of our series of 110 ADCA families, making it the third most frequent ADCA in Japan.

Age of Onset↗
PubMed2006

A phase II study of single-agent gefitinib as first-line therapy in patients with stage IV non-small-cell lung cancer.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of gefitinib ('IRESSA') in Japanese patients with previously untreated stage IV non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). This was a multi-institutional phase II study. Thirty-four patients with previously untreated stage IV NSCLC were enrolled between May 2003 and September 2004. Gefitinib was administered orally 250 mg once a day and was continued until there was either disease progression or severe toxicity. Objective tumour response rate was 26.5% (95% confidence interval, 11.7-41.3%). Adverse events were generally mild (National Cancer Institute-Common Toxicity Criteria grade 1 or 2) and consisted mainly of skin rash, fatigue and liver dysfunction. No pulmonary toxicity was observed. The global health status revealed that there was no change in quality of life during the study. This study found that single-agent gefitinib is active and well tolerated in chemo-naive Japanese patients with advanced NSCLC.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

ALDH2 polymorphisms and bone mineral density in an elderly Japanese population.

INTRODUCTION: Osteoporosis is a multifactorial genetic disease which greatly increases the risk of bone fracture in elderly persons. METHODS: Four hundred and three recipients of a community health screening program were examined for the presence/absence of osteoporosis and 11 kinds of gene polymorphisms as a means of determining the relation between these gene polymorphisms and osteoporosis. The gene polymorphisms screened were: alcohol sensitivity-associated polymorphisms of alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH2) Arg47His, aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH2) Glu487Lys, smoking sensitivity-associated polymorphisms of glutathione S transferase (GST) M1, (GST)T1, NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) C609T, inflammation-associated polymorphisms of interleukin-1beta (IL-1B)T-31C, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) T-1031C, endothelial constitutive nitric oxide synthase (ecNOS) Glu298Asp, longevity-associated polymorphism of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) 5178 A/C, allergy-associated polymorphism of interleukin-4 (IL-4), and immunity-associated polymorphism of CD14. RESULTS: A significant association was found between the ALDH2Glu478Lys gene polymorphisms and osteoporosis. In the osteoporosis group of patients, a significant difference was noted between the Lys/Lys group and the group comprising Glu/Lys and Glu/Glu groups (namely, the genotypes including Glu alleles). In the Lys/Lys group, after age, sex, BMI, smoking history and alcohol consumption history had been adjusted for, the morbidity rate was significantly elevated [odds ratio (OR): 3.33; 95% confidence interval (95% CI): 1.28-8.71; p=0.014], and the effect was even more evident in the sub-group of women with osteoporosis (OR: 4.31; 95% CI: 1.24-14.92; p=0.021). CONCLUSIONS: The present results suggest that active prophylactic interventions such as dietary, exercise, and pharmacological therapies should be offered to non-carriers of the Glu allele (Lys/Lys).

Aged↗
PubMed2006

Electrostatic potential screened by a two-dimensional electron system: a real-space observation by scanning-tunneling spectroscopy.

Scanning-tunneling spectroscopy at 5 K was used to investigate the electrostatic potential profile on the Si(111)-square root of 3 x square root of 3 Ag surface at subnanometer spatial resolution. The potential was measured from an energy-level shift of electronic states on the surface. The potential images obtained reveal that the potential drops around the steps and Ag adsorbates, upon which positive charges are presumably accumulated. The profiles of the reduced potentials are explained with the screening of potential due to the charges by two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) existing on the surface. The Friedel oscillation, which results from the screening and has a period of the half Fermi wavelength of the 2DEG, was also observed in the potential images.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2006

A prospective study to evaluate a new dental management protocol before hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

Pre-hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) dental treatment is essential to prevent serious infections from oral sources during immunosuppression, in patients who undergo HSCT therapy. This study was planned to establish a dental management protocol for such patients. Forty-one patients scheduled for HSCT to treat hematological malignancies were consecutively enrolled in the prospective trial. The dental status of all patients was evaluated by clinical and radiographic examination at a median of 47 days before the commencement of HSCT therapy. Thirty-six patients had one or more dental diseases; the remaining five had none. Caries was found in 26 patients, apical periodontitis in 19, marginal periodontitis in 24 and a partially erupted third molar in 11. Our policy is to preserve patients' teeth whenever possible, and therefore minimal dental intervention was planned. Treatment was completed for all 36 patients with dental pathologies, before the conditioning regimen began. All patients received the scheduled HSCT therapy without alteration, interruption or delay, and did not show any signs or symptoms associated with odontogenic infection while they were immunosuppressed. This protocol, therefore, appears to be appropriate for the pre-HSCT dental treatment of patients with hematological diseases.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Clinical significance of circulating hepatocyte growth factor, a new risk marker of carotid atherosclerosis in patients with Type 2 diabetes.

AIMS: Recent studies have provided increasing evidence that hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) has a pathophysiological role in the development of diabetic complications. We set out to determine the relationship between serum HGF and risk factors for macroangiopathy including carotid atherosclerosis. Carotid atherosclerosis is an established and important risk factor for both cerebral and coronary artery diseases. METHODS: We studied 89 patients (48 males, 41 females, mean age 62.5 +/- 10.3 years) with Type 2 diabetes (DM). RESULTS: Serum levels of HGF correlated positively with both intimal-media thickness (IMT) (r = 0.24, P = 0.0248) and plaque score (r = 0.27, P = 0.0126). In multiple regression analysis, serum HGF was associated independently with IMT (standardized beta = 0.28, P = 0.0499). We also found that both IMT and plaque score were higher in patients with ischaemic heart disease (IHD) than in patients without IHD, and that plaque score in patients with lacunar infarcts was higher than in patients without lacunar infarcts. CONCLUSIONS: Serum HGF concentration may be a new marker of atherosclerotic complications in patients with Type 2 DM.

Age Factors↗
PubMed2006

Ghrelin enhances glucose-induced insulin secretion in scheduled meal-fed sheep.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of physiologic levels of ghrelin on insulin secretion and insulin sensitivity (glucose disposal) in scheduled fed-sheep, using the hyperglycemic clamp and hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp respectively. Twelve castrated Suffolk rams (69.8 +/- 0.6 kg) were conditioned to be fed alfalfa hay cubes (2% of body weight) once a day. Three hours after the feeding, synthetic ovine ghrelin was intravenously administered to the animals at a rate of 0.025 and 0.05 mug/kg body weight (BW) per min for 3 h. Concomitantly, the hyperglycemic clamp or the hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp was carried out. In the hyperglycemic clamp, a target glucose concentration was clamped at 100 mg/100 ml above the initial level. In the hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp, insulin was intravenously administered to the animals for 3 h at a rate of 2 mU/kg BW per min. Basal glucose concentrations (44+/- 1 mg/dl) were maintained by variably infusing 100 mg/dl glucose solution. In both clamps, plasma ghrelin concentrations were dose-dependently elevated and maintained at a constant level within the physiologic range. Ghrelin infusions induced a significant (ANOVA; P < 0.01) increase in plasma GH concentrations. In the hyperglycemic clamp, plasma insulin levels were increased by glucose infusion and were significantly (P < 0.05) greater in ghrelin-infused animals. In the hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp, glucose infusion rate, an index of insulin sensitivity, was not affected by ghrelin infusion. In conclusion, the present study has demonstrated for the first time that ghrelin enhances glucose-induced insulin secretion in the ruminant animal.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed2006

[Mediastinal emphysema after a punch on the back; report of a case].

A 19-year-old man was punched on the back, and anterior chest pain appeared about 3 hours after injury. The patient was consulted a physician complaining of anterior chest pain. On chest X-ray, mediastinal emphysema was suspected, and transferred to our hospital. Chest computed tomography (CT) revealed mediastinal emphysema. On esophageal radiography and bronchofiberscopy, no abnormal findings were detected. Conservative therapy was conducted, and symptoms had gradually improved. On the 8th hospital day, mediastinal emphysema was improved on chest CT. The patient was discharged on the 10th hospital day. The most frequent cause of mediastinal emphysema after trauma is traffic or downfall accident, and no report on this condition after the punch on the back was found.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Randomized scheduling feasibility study of S-1 for adjuvant chemotherapy in advanced head and neck cancer.

The purpose of this study was to determine the feasible adjuvant therapy administration schedule of S-1 for locoregionally advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN). Patients receiving definitive treatments were randomly assigned to either arm A (51 cases) receiving oral S-1 of 2-week administration followed by 1-week rest for 6 months, or arm B receiving S-1 of 4-week administration followed by 2-week rest for 6 months. Planned treatment was given in 40% of patients in arm A and 29% in arm B. The cumulative rates of the relative total administration dose of S-1 at 100% were 54.9% (95% CI: 40.1-69.7%) in arm A and 34.3% (95% CI: 21.1-47.4%) in arm B, respectively (P=0.054). Adverse events were recorded in 41 patients (82.0%) in arm A and 48 patients (94.1%) in arm B (P=0.060). The incidences of diarrhoea (10 vs 28%; P<0.05) and skin toxicities (18 vs 37%; P<0.05) were significantly higher in arm B. One-year disease-free survival was similar in both arms: arm A 81.2% (95% CI: 70.0-92.4%); arm B 77.0% (95% CI: 65.0-89.0%). The schedule of 2-week administration followed by 1-week rest seems to be more feasible for oral 6-month administration of S-1 in adjuvant chemotherapy of locoregionally advanced SCCHN.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed2005

Multiple intracranial subarachnoid osteomas.

OBJECTIVE AND IMPORTANCE: Intracranial osteomas, which have no connections with the dura or the skull, are very rare. Here we report one case of multiple intracranial subarachnoid osteomas. CLINICAL DESCRIPTION: A 24-year-old gentleman, who had no previous history of systemic disease, meningitis or head injury, presented with a 6-month history of non-specific intermittent headache over the whole head. Neuro-imaging showed multiple ossified lesions in the right frontal area, which were found to compress the underlying cerebral hemisphere. The patient underwent a right frontal craniotomy. The masses were dissected from the depressed brain along the intact pial planes, however, all of the white bone-hard masses tightly adhered to the superficial cortical veins. The masses were removed and the cortical veins were sacrificed. The patient had headaches and was nauseous for three days after the surgery due to venous congestion; however, the patient was neurologically intact on discharge. Pathological diagnosis was osteoma. CONCLUSION: To our knowledge, this is the first report of multiple intracranial subarachnoid osteomas. Surgical findings strongly support the hypothesis of the origin of the tumour that the primitive mesenchymal cells from the connective tissue might have migrated into the subarachnoid space accompanying the intracerebral blood vessels.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

GH secretory responses to ghrelin and GHRH in growing and lactating dairy cattle.

Release of growth hormone (GH) is known to be regulated mainly by GH-releasing hormone (GHRH) and somatostatin (SRIF) secreted from the hypothalamus. A novel peripheral release-regulating hormone, ghrelin, was recently identified. In this study, differences of the GH secretory response to ghrelin and GHRH in growing and lactating dairy cattle were investigated and an alteration of plasma ghrelin levels was observed. The same amounts of ghrelin and GHRH (0.3 nmol/kg) were intravenously injected to suckling and weanling calves, early and mid-lactating cows and non-lactating cows. Plasma ghrelin levels were also determined in dairy cattle in various physiological conditions. The peak values of ghrelin-induced GH secretion were increased in early lactating cows compared to those in non-lactating cows. The relative responsiveness of GH secretion to ghrelin was also increased compared with that to GHRH in early lactating cows. GH secretory responses to GHRH were blunted in mature cows with and without lactation. Conversely, GHRH-induced GH secretory response was greater than that to ghrelin in calves, and also greater in calves than in mature cows. Plasma ghrelin concentrations were elevated in early lactating cows compared to those in non-lactating cows. Plasma GH concentrations were higher in suckling calves and early lactating cows compared with those in non-lactating cows. These results suggest that GHRH is an effective inducer of GH release in growing calves, and that the relative importance of ghrelin in contributing to the rise in plasma GH increases in early lactating cows.

Animals↗