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Biomedical subjects

Y Harano

Publications and source records attributed to Y Harano.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

[Progress in clinical chemistry].

The basic and clinical studies that are expected to influence future laboratory medicine were presented by five speakers in the symposium held at the National Cardiovascular Center, in Osaka on January 27, 1990. Dr. Y. Katayama reported a new method for analyzing glycated protein by HPLC and the data on the positive error caused by superoxide anion in the value of fructosamine. Dr. Y. Harano described a sensitive method for enzyme immunoassay of apoprotein B and discussed cases of diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidaemia and hypo-apoprotein B with respect to the apoprotein B level. Dr. T. Noguchi reported the excellent results in DNA analysis of pyruvate kinase. Dr. N. Taniguchi presented a basic study on superoxide dismutase and noted the increased activity of this enzyme in certain diseases. The assay of this enzyme activity can now be routinely performed. Dr. H. Matsuo, the last speaker in this symposium, had received the Gakusiin award in 1989 for his studies on atrial natriuretic hormone (ANH). He outlined the history of ANH study developed in his laboratory. ANH also will be added to routine assay. We, the chairmen in this symposium, added comments concerning useful modern techniques for the clinical chemistry and the role of the clinical laboratory in large hospitals.

Chemistry, Clinical↗
PubMed1990

[Highly sensitive apo B assay and its clinical significance].

Two sensitive and accurate methods for the determination of apo B using polyclonal antibody for human purified LDL are reported. Modified one step EIA by sandwich method is highly sensitive and serum has to be diluted by 1,000-3,000 times, but suited for the diagnosis of hypo or abetalipoproteinemia, detailed analyses of lipoprotein subfractions and in vitro study of lipoprotein metabolism. Latex method is moderately sensitive (serum dilution: 100 times), automated, simple and accurate with CV, 1.5-2.5%. Serum apo B assay is useful not only for the diagnosis of hyperlipidemia, hypolipidemia, but also for the analyses of atherogenic lipoproteins which are frequently associated with large vessel atherosclerotic changes in diabetes, obesity and coronary, cerebral or peripheral vascular diseases. A family pedigree of elevated apo B with frequent association of diabetes (type 2 b) and prominent hypercholesterolemia with autoimmune apo B antibody has been described. In obesity, either hyperinsulinemia or hyperglycemia plays a role in the elevation of VLDL and IDL probably through hepatic overproduction of VLDL. The size of VLDL tends to be larger in VLDL while IDL and LDL seem to become smaller judging from relative lipid contents to apo B.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

[Changes in lymphocyte subsets, neutrophil function and complement levels in patients with complications following open heart surgery].

In order to evaluate the immune response during and after open heart surgery, we have studied 34 patients who received open heart surgery under extracorporeal circulation. Age range of these patients were from 41 to 76 years. These patients were divided into three groups, depending upon existence of multiple organ failure (MOF), low output syndrome (LOS) and non-LOS and non-MOF diagnosed from our criteria. The following cytological and immunological study has been performed pre-operatively, immediately after and on 1, 2, 7 and 14th postoperative day; 1) the leukocyte differential cell count, 2) function test of neutrophils, 3) lymphocyte subpopulation and subsets, 4) serum level of complement fractions (C3, C4) and CH 50. By lymphocytes analysis, postoperative early reduction of OKT 3 (CD 3) and OKT 4 (CD 4) was observed in patients with poor prognosis. Patients with the postoperative high activity of NBT reduction test was developed into MOF. Complement activity (C3, C4, CH50) decreased during surgery and recovered to preoperative level in patients without LOS and MOF. However in MOF patients, these values showed lower level than that of patients without LOS and MOF. Our data suggested that lymphocytes and leukocytes tests were useful to evaluate the prognosis in open heart surgery.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Homozygous hypobetalipoproteinemia with spared chylomicron formation.

Thirteen members of a family carrying a gene for pedigree of hypobetalipoproteinemia were analyzed for lipoprotein compositions, apolipoprotein (apo) B levels, and apo B isoforms. Judging from low density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol (Chol) and apo B levels, a 75-year-old proband, a father who died of unknown fever, thrombopenia, and anemia, and his wife were heterozygous for hypobetalipoproteinemia. The proband had ataxic movement of hands and gait disturbance in later life. Three of four living siblings had extremely low levels of LDL-Chol (6 mg/dL) and LDL-apo B (2 mg/dL), and were postulated to have homozygous hypobetalipoproteinemia. Electrophoresis revealed marked deficiency of apo B-100, although trace amounts were noted in LDL. In contrast, apo B-48 was present in chylomicrons obtained after a fatty meal in the two patients with homozygous hypobetalipoproteinemia, indicating a selective deficiency of apo B-100 but not apo B-48. The defect in these patients seemingly is different from abnormal apo B-37 reported recently for a family with hypobetalipoproteinemia. Clinically, acanthocytotic red blood cells (8% to 12%), fatty liver, and low levels of serum lipid-soluble vitamins A and D were noted in homozygotes. One heterozygous sibling had 26 mg/dL LDL-Chol and 5 mg/dL LDL-apo B levels. All seven subjects in the third generation had low levels of Chol (85 to 140 mg/dL), LDL-Chol (40 to 63 mg/dL) and LDL-apo B (10 to 20 mg/dL). They also showed mild acanthocytosis (0.5% to 2%) and a decrease of fat-soluble vitamins in plasma.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Acanthocytes↗
PubMed1989

Chronically streptozocin-diabetic monkey does not closely mimic human diabetic neuropathy.

In order to evaluate the value of diabetic Japanese monkeys (Macaca fuscatus) as an animal model for studying the pathogenesis of diabetic neuropathy, morphological examinations were performed on myelinated nerve fibers and endoneurial microvessels at three levels of the lower limb nerve in eight streptozocin (STZ)-diabetic monkeys with the duration of diabetes up to 36 months and in four roughly age-matched control monkeys using a computer-assisted image analyzer. Nerve fiber loss was not found, although a tendency for nerve fiber atrophy was found in diabetic monkeys. Endoneurial microvessels did not show either endothelial or pericyte proliferation or basement membrane thickening. The results suggest that chronically STZ-diabetic Japanese monkeys with the duration of diabetes up to 36 months might be useful for studying diabetic axonopathy, but do not closely mimic the nerve pathology found in human diabetic neuropathy.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Transport and post-transport abnormalities of glucose metabolism in cardiocytes isolated from streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.

The altered glucose utilization in cardiocytes isolated from streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats and its reversibility to normal following 2-week insulin treatment were studied. 3-O-Methylglucose (3-O-MG) transport in cardiocytes isolated from normal rats was stimulated to 150% (P less than 0.01) above the basal level in the presence of 80 nM insulin. The basal 3-O-MG transport in diabetic rats was decreased to 41% of that in normal rats, and further an increase in 3-O-MG transport was not observed even in the presence of 80 nM insulin. Similar significant decreases in glucose uptake in the presence of both trace (0.8 microM) and 5.5 mM glucose were also found in diabetic rats. However, in normal rats, lactate release into the media was stimulated by only 16% (P less than 0.05), and glucose oxidation was not stimulated in the presence of insulin, there being no significant difference between normal and diabetic rats. On 2-week insulin treatment of diabetic rats, both the basal 3-O-MG transport and glucose uptake in the presence of trace and 5.5 mM glucose returned to normal levels, with significant improvement of the blunted acute insulin action. In addition, both lactate release and glucose oxidation were also significantly (P less than 0.05) increased by in vivo insulin treatment. The maximum insulin-stimulated 3-O-MG transport (r = -0.79, P less than 0.01) and glucose uptake in cells in the presence of 5.5 mM glucose (r = -0.74, P less than 0.01) both showed a negative correlation with the plasma glucose concentration, but not with the plasma free fatty acid level or the plasma triglyceride level.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

3-O-Methylglucose↗
PubMed1987

Study of insulin response to oral glucose load after acute and chronic glycemic control in type 2 diabetic subjects.

To investigate whether correction of fasting hyperglycemia per se improves the insulin secretion in type 2 diabetic subjects, plasma insulin response to 75 g oral glucose load has been studied after acute and chronic normalization of fasting plasma glucose levels in 7 overt type 2 diabetic subjects. For the acute normalization of elevated fasting plasma glucose levels, an artificial endocrine pancreas was employed. Although fasting plasma glucose concentrations were normalized before the oral glucose challenge, insulin response to oral glucose was not improved compared to those without normalization of fasting plasma glucose levels. After 1-3 month control of hyperglycemia, the insulin response to glucose in the subjects was significantly improved compared to those without treatments. Results indicate that chronic metabolic control is essential for the improvement of insulin response to glucose in type 2 diabetic subjects, and also suggest that the impaired insulin secretion in type 2 diabetes is not due to hyperglycemia per se, but due to the metabolic derangements which lead to chronic hyperglycemia.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Computerized glucose clamp method for the determination of insulin sensitivity in diabetic subjects.

A new, simplified computerized glucose clamp method was performed for estimation of glucose utilization at the insulin level of postprandial level. The program for the method is based on the mathematical algorithm using values of blood glucose, changes of its concentration and the desired glucose level. The coefficients of variation of the clamped blood glucose values during the last 60 minutes was 6.3 +/- 1.7(%) in normal, 3.7 +/- 0.3(%) in NIDDM, which was within satisfactory limit, and also indicated an attainment of steady state. Glucose infusion curves showed some bumps for the initial 60 min, which did not seriously affect the glucose utilization rate at steady state. In some cases, whose insulin sensitivity was high, CV was not low enough and occasional manual adjustment of K values was required. Average glucose infusion rate was 7.59 +/- 0.85 (mg/kg/min) in normal, and this was significantly lowered in NIDDM (42.3 +/- 3.4) at steady state, indicating a decreased insulin sensitivity for glucose utilization in NIDDM.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

A suppressive role of c-kinase for the stimulation of hepatic ketogenesis by glucagon and epinephrine.

The regulatory mechanism of hepatic palmitate oxidation into ketone bodies by c-kinase has been studied in isolated hepatocytes. Glucagon and epinephrine stimulated [U-14C]palmitate oxidation to ketone bodies by 60 and 25% as early as at 1 h. The stimulatory effects were almost totally prevented by the simultaneous presence of vasopressin, phorbol 12-tetradecanoate 13-acetate (TPA), or diacylglycerol (1-oleoyl-2-acetylglycerol). When hepatocytes were treated with glucagon or epinephrine, carnitine palmitoyltransferase (CPT), a key regulatory enzyme of palmitate oxidation, was activated. This hormone-induced activation of CPT was not observed in the presence of TPA. These observations suggest that c-kinase inhibits glucagon- or epinephrine-stimulated palmitate oxidation to ketone bodies, and that this inhibition may be mediated through a covalent modification of CPT.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Development of specific and non-specific somatostatin analogs.

Biological activity of six somatostatin analogs has been investigated. In these analogs, disulfide bond is replaced by ethylene bond cyclized with alpha-amino suberic acid. In addition, they contain unique D-configuration in both Trp8 and Cys14 moiety with dicarba substitution. An analog of the short chain length, C omega 7-cyclo (Phe6-Phe7-D-Trp8-Lys9-Thr10-Phe11-D-Asu14) (analog 4) has suppressive effect for GH, but not for other hormones. Analog 6, C omega 9-cyclo(Asn5-Phe6-Phe7-D-Trp8-Lys9-Thr10-Ph e11-Thr12-D-Asu14), has suppressed GH and insulin secretion, but not for gastrin and glucagon. Analog 1, C omega 11-cyclo (Lys4-Asn5-Phe6-Phe7-D-Trp8-Lys9-Thr10-Phe11- Thr12-Ser13-D-Asu14] and 5, C omega 9-cyclo (Lys4-Asn5-Phe6-Phe7-D-Trp8-Lys9-Thr10-Phe11-D-+ ++Asu14) have broad suppressive effect for GH, gastrin, insulin and glucagon release after arginine infusion. The shortest analog, analog 2, C omega 5-cyclo (Phe7-D-Trp8-Lys9-Thr10-D-Asu14) has weak suppressive effect of GH, insulin and glucagon secretion, and it is suggested that Phe6 and Phe11 are necessary for the appearance of suppressive effect of GH. Specific analog, analog 4, may be useful for the future treatment for acromegaly and diabetic retinopathy. Nonspecific analogs, 1 and 5 are candidates for the clinical application of wide variety.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

New alpha 2-adrenergic blocker (DG-5128) improves insulin secretion and in vivo glucose disposal in NIDDM patients.

Effects of oral administration of DG-5128, a new oral hypoglycemic agent, on glycemic control after a mixed meal and an in vivo glucose disposal were measured in subjects with nonobese non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). Oral administration of DG-5128 significantly (P less than .05) enhanced insulin secretion both 30 and 60 min after a mixed meal (550 kcal), with a concomitant decrease in postprandial plasma glucose levels at 60 and 120 min. Glucose disposal rate between the 2nd and 4th h of a euglycemic insulin clamp, developed through a constant infusion of insulin (0.77 mU X kg-1 X min-1) together with somatostatin (80 ng X kg-1 X min-1), was 2.5-fold higher in a DG-5128-treated group (P less than .01) than in a control group. However, there was no difference between the two groups in either plasma glucose concentration or plasma insulin concentration at either the 2nd or the 4th h. These results indicate that DG-5128 is effective in controlling plasma glucose levels in subjects with NIDDM by stimulation of both insulin secretion and in vivo glucose disposal.

Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists↗
PubMed1985

Phosphorylation of carnitine palmitoyltransferase and activation by glucagon in isolated rat hepatocytes.

Effects of glucagon and forskolin on the phosphorylation and changes of activity of carnitine palmitoyltransferase (CPT) have been studied in isolated rat hepatocytes using anti-CPT immunoglobulin. When the activity was determined in lysed hepatocytes after glucagon or forskolin treatment, it was found to be stimulated 30-80% mainly through increased affinity for palmitoyl-CoA. By SDS electrophoresis of the immunoprecipitates, CPT subunit (Mr 69000) was noted to be phosphorylated 4-5-fold with glucagon (1.2 X 10(-7) M) and forskolin (0.1 mM) over control. These results indicate that hepatic ketogenesis is regulated with glucagon by phosphorylation of CPT through cAMP-dependent protein kinase.

Acyltransferases↗
PubMed1985

Reciprocal changes of insulin and glucagon receptors in primary cultured hepatocytes.

The specific [125I]insulin binding to primary cultured hepatocytes was significantly greater than that to freshly isolated hepatocytes. Low affinity insulin binding sites in cultured cells were 6-fold greater in number than those of freshly isolated cells without a significant change in high affinity sites. However, both sensitivity (insulin concentration for half maximum stimulation) and responsiveness (% of increase above the basal level) to insulin for the stimulation of ODC activity were similar for isolated and cultured cells indicating an important role of high affinity sites in the insulin action. On the other hand, the specific [125I]glucagon binding to cultured cells was significantly decreased. Low affinity glucagon binding sites in cultured cells decreased by about 50% in cultured cells without a significant change in high affinity sites. Both sensitivity and responsiveness to glucagon for the stimulation of ketogenesis from palmitate also decreased as compared with those of isolated cells, indicating an important role of low affinity sites in the glucagon action. These results indicate that insulin and glucagon receptors were reciprocally changed in cultured cells, as compared with isolated cells.

Animals↗