[Prediction of recurrence and rebleeding post esophageal sclerotherapy using endoscopic varicerography].
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Esophageal and Gastric Varices↗
Biomedical subjects
Y Harada
Publications and source records attributed to Y Harada.
Ten-year follow-up after valve replacement with the St. Jude Medical prosthesis in children.
Since 1979, 50 children, 4 months to 15 years of age, have successfully undergone cardiac valve replacement with the St. Jude Medical prosthesis (St. Jude Medical, Inc., St. Paul, Minn.). There were 24 boys and 26 girls. The valve replaced was mitral in 28 children, aortic in 15, mitral and aortic in 1, and mitral and tricuspid in 1. A left-sided tricuspid valve was replaced in 3 children. Anticoagulant therapy was maintained in all children; 40 children were treated with warfarin, whereas 10 children who underwent aortic or mitral valve replacement were on a regimen of aspirin combined with dipyridamole. The follow-up period, comprising 224 patient-years, ranged from 1 to 10 years. There were four valve-related complications: one from thromboembolism, two from valve thrombosis, and the other one from prosthetic valve endocarditis. Actuarial rate free from all valve-related complications at 10 years was 84.7%. There were four late deaths: one from valve thrombosis and the others from non-valve-related complications. Actuarial survival rate at 10 years was 90.8%. All surviving children are in functional class I, and no child so far has needed replacement of a prosthesis because of somatic growth. These results indicate that the St. Jude Medical prosthesis is a cardiac valve substitute of choice for valve replacement in children.
Actuarial Analysis↗
[Immunological studies of pulmonary infection with atypical mycobacteria. II. Depression of in vitro PPD-induced lymphocyte proliferation in patients with pulmonary atypical mycobacteriosis].
To evaluate cell-mediated immune responses in patients infected with atypical mycobacteria (AM), mononuclear cells from patients were examined in vitro for purified protein derivatives (PPD) induced lymphocyte proliferation using combination of monoclonal antibodies and flowcytometry. Those from normal tuberculin-positive controls and chronic excreters with tuberculosis (chronics) were also examined. The results obtained were as follows: 1) In normal controls, PPD-S induced a significant proliferation of activated T cell subsets (Leu 4+ DR+, IL 2-R+ Leu 3+ and IL 2-R+ Leu 2+). A significant increase in pan T cells (Leu 4+), helper T cells (Leu 3+ 8-), suppressor T cells (Leu 2+ 15+) and B cells (Leu 4- DR+) was also observed. 2) In chronics, the pattern and degree of lymphocyte proliferation by PPD-S were similar to that observed in normal controls. 3) In AM, we found a significant proliferation of activated T cells (Leu 4+ DR+, IL 2-R+ Leu 3+, IL 2-R+ Leu 2+) and B cells (Leu 4- DR+) by PPD-S. However, the degree of lymphocyte proliferation in AM was clearly depressed as compared to normal controls and chronics. 4) In chronics, lymphocyte proliferation by PPD-S was significantly higher than that by PPD-B. In contrast, lymphocyte response by PPD-S was almost same as that by PPD-B in AM.
Adult↗
[A study of growth and malignancy grading of stomach and colorectal cancers by serial serum carcinoembryonic antigen levels analysis].
Changes in serum CEA levels were analyzed on a time-course basis in 33 patients with stomach cancer and 20 patients with colorectal cancer. A linear relationship between log CEA and time could be evaluated and individual CEA doubling time (CEA D.T.) was calculated. The results obtained are as follows. 1) The CEA D.T. was not constant from the onset of the disease to death in stomach cancer and colorectal cancer. 2) The CEA D.T. was distributed widely with 5 to 140 days in stomach cancer and 8 to 134 days in colorectal cancer. It tended to be shortened at the terminal stage in both tumors. 3) In terms of age, sex and histology, the CEA D.T. tended to be short in the young, female and poorly differentiated cancer. These background appeared to have an influence on the growth of tumor. 4) The CEA D.T. was well correlated with the period of survival of the patients with gastric cancer (r = 0.636, p less than 0.001). The analysis of serial CEA levels on a time-course basis is considered useful in studying the relationship between tumor-bearing hosts and malignancy of the tumor.
Adult↗
Fast-growing root nodule bacteria produce a novel polyamine, aminobutylhomospermidine.
Polyamines in various root nodule bacteria including Bradyrhizobium japonicum, Rhizobium fredii, R. leguminosarum, R. meliloti and R. loti were identified by capillary gas chromatography. Homospermidine was the polyamine present in highest concentration in all the rhizobia tested. In addition to putrescine and homospermidine, fast-growing type of rhizobial cells contained a novel polyamine, aminobutylhomospermidine, NH2(CH2)4NH(CH2)4NH(CH2)4NH2. The unusual tetraamine was not found in the cells of slow-growing type of rhizobia throughout their growth period, indicating a difference in polyamine metabolism between fast-growing type and slow-growing type of root nodule bacteria.
Fabaceae↗
A significant role of plasma kallikrein-kinin system in plasma exudation of rat carrageenin-induced pleurisy.
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Animals↗
Serological survey of complement factor H in common laboratory and wild mice: a new third allotype.
Antigenic specificities of complement factor H from mice were studied serologically. In addition to previously reported allotypes, referred to as H.1 and H.2, a new allotype of complement factor H, H.3, was identified in the BFM/2Ms strain derived from European wild mice. Using three different alloantisera raised against the various mouse factor H allotype, a serological survey of the common laboratory strains and wild-derived strains of Mus musculus and its relatives, Mus spretus, Mus spretoides, and Mus spicilegus was carried out. All of the common laboratory strains examined in this survey had the H.1 allotype except for STR/N which had H.2. The geographical distributions of factor H allotypes in M. musculus were specific to the subspecies. Mice derived from Mus musculus domesticus and Mus musculus castaneus had the H.1 allotype. Mice derived from M. m. musculus, Mus musculus bactrianus, and Mus musculus molossinus had the H.2 allotype. Only BFM/2Ms and BFM/1Mpl strains derived from M. m. domesticus had the novel H.3 allotype. Sera of mice from strains derived from M. spretoides and M. spicilegus cross-reacted with H.2-specific antiserum, and those from M. spretus cross-reacted with H.3-specific antiserum.
Alleles↗
Ultrastructural localization of carbonic anhydrase in the vestibular end organs of the guinea pig.
Carbonic anhydrase activity was demonstrated cytochemically on an ultrastructural level in the vestibular end organs of the guinea pig. Reaction product was found in the dark cells, transitional cells, cells of the planum semilunatum and supporting cells. In the dark cells, reaction product was observed in the cytoplasm as well as in the basal infoldings. Reaction product was also observed in the basal infoldings of the transitional cells and the cells of the planum semilunatum. The globular structures inside the supporting cells, transitional cells and the cells of the planum semilunatum were also surrounded by the reaction product. These findings suggest that carbonic anhydrase may have different functions, such as water and ion transport, respiration, nutrition and calcium carbonate deposition in the vestibular end organs.
Animals↗
Spread of herpes simplex virus type-1 (Miyama +GC strain) to the central nervous system after intraperitoneal inoculation: the role of the myenteric plexus of the gut.
The pathways taken by the HSV-1 virus after intraperitoneal (i.p.) inoculation were studied in 5-week old male C3H/HeN mice injected with 1 x 10(4) PFU (100 LD50) or 5 x 10(5) PFU (5000 LD50) of HSV-1 (Miyama +GC strain). At the higher dosage (5 x 10(5) PFU), HSV-1 began replicating in the adrenal from the first day, then in the gut and thoracic portion of the spinal cord by the third day, and in the brainstem by the fourth day, as shown by the titers of the virus in these organs. By immunoperoxidase staining HSV-1 was localized in a necrotic area of the adrenal, the myenteric plexus of the gut, the intermediolateral columns of the thoracic cord, and the vagus nerve nuclei of the medulla oblongata. In the low dose mice (1 x 10(4) PFU), HSV-1 was not isolated from the adrenal or thoracic segment of the spinal cord from the time of inoculation until the time of death. It was, however, isolated from the gut on days 4-6 and from the brainstem by day 5. HSV-1 was never isolated from the blood of either group at any time. The localizations of viral replication suggest that in the mice inoculated with 1 x 10(4) PFU, HSV-1 spreads to the brainstem via the vagal nerves after replication in the myenteric plexus of the gut. In the mice given the higher dose, localizations suggest not only the above route, but also that the virus spread to the intermediolateral columns of the spinal cord after replicating in the adrenal.
Animals↗
Locations of peptic ulcers in children.
The locations of peptic ulcers in children were studied in a total of 55 cases; 19 with gastric ulcers, 31 with duodenal ulcers and 5 with a combination of both. The male children were predominantly affected with these three types. The mean age of the children with gastric ulcers was significantly lower than those with duodenal ulcers (P less than 0.005). Gastric ulcer was markedly predominant in the antrum, and commonly present in the anterior and posterior walls of the stomach, and infrequently on the greater curvature. Ten of 24 cases (42%) had ulcerations on the anterior wall of the antrum. In seven cases, ulcerations were located on the posterior wall. Duodenal ulcers mostly occurred in the bulb. The anterior and/or posterior walls of the bulb were commonly associated with ulcerations. The present observations concerning gastric and duodenal ulcer location are essentially in agreement with results from adult studies. Perforations were demonstrated in the anterior wall or lesser curvature in both gastric and duodenal ulcers. In five of seven relapse cases, ulcerations had recurred in the same area.
Adolescent↗
Gastric acid secretion in a child with postbulbar duodenal ulcer.
A 14-year-old case was reported with a primary postbulbar duodenal ulcer, which was confirmed by barium meal study and duodenoscopy. In the preoperative study, the patient showed marked gastric hyperacidity: maximal and peak acid output were 0.980 and 1.434 mEq/kg/hr, respectively. As previously described, hyperacidity appears to be a main factor in the pathogenesis of postbulbar duodenal ulcer. Fasting and postprandial serum gastrin secretion was not thought to be responsible for gastric hyperacidity in the present case. Upon histological investigation, the operatively resected stomach did not suggest a possible relationship between hyperacidity and an enlarged parietal cell mass.
Adolescent↗
The effect of gentamicin on the glycocalyx and the ciliary interconnections in vestibular sensory cells: a high resolution scanning electron microscopic investigation.
Changes in glycocalyx structure and ciliary interconnections of the vestibular sensory cells are demonstrated after gentamicin administration. A special high resolution scanning electron microscope and a tannic acid-osmium staining technique giving an almost three dimensional view were used to achieve this purpose. Guinea pigs were injected with a single dose of 5 mg of gentamicin directly into the middle ear. Seven days after the injection, it was possible to observe the degenerative process of the glycocalyx and the ciliary interconnections. The first detectable change was a disarrangement of the cilia with a loosening of the interconnections. The ciliary membrane presented with an irregular appearance. The tip links connecting the tips of the stereocilia to their neighbours were also affected showing elongation or even disappearance. In the later stages of the degeneration process, the sensory hairs presented with different degrees of fusion whereafter they finally disappeared totally. These findings suggest that the glycocalyx acts to maintain a normal stability and shape of the ciliary membrane and to keep the regular distance between cilia in order to maintain the arrangement of the whole ciliary bundle. Gentamicin probably affects the glycocalyx and the ciliary interconnections resulting in a disarrangement, detachment and fusion of cilia. The tip links, which are suggested to be involved in sensory cell transduction, seem to be also affected by gentamicin.
Animals↗
Epithelial cell surface morphology in the endolymphatic sac: a scanning electron microscopic study in the mouse.
The apical, lateral and basal surface structures of the epithelial cells in the murine endolymphatic sac were studied using the freeze-cracking technique and scanning electron microscopy. In this way, it was possible to visualize the luminal surface and the interior of the cell simultaneously. The light epithelial cells, with their smooth rounded nuclei and many mitochondria, had numerous microvilli on their apical cell surface, whereas the dark epithelial cells, with indented nuclei, had only a few such microvilli. The lateral surfaces of these cells were flat, with few projections facing a dilated lateral intercellular space.
Animals↗
Carbohydrates of the guinea pig vestibular supporting cells.
Ultrastructural localization of glycoconjugates with special reference to the synthesizing process was studied in the guinea pig vestibular supporting cells using the tannic acid and ruthenium red staining technique. The extracellular glycoconjugate (glycocalyx) was well stained by the ruthenium red which may be synthesized by GERL complex. The supporting cell has a numerous number of granules which also contain tannic acid positive glycoconjugate. These granules were closely related to the Golgi complex as well as the apical cell surface. It may be indicated that the glycoconjugate of the supporting cells is glycosylated at the Golgi complex, stored in the granules, transported, secreted, and form otoconial membrane and the cupula.
Acoustic Maculae↗
Functional aspects of carbohydrate complex of the statoconial membrane of the guinea pig utricular macula.
A functional aspect of the carbohydrate complex of the statoconial membrane of the guinea pig utricular macula was observed by the use of the lectins as well as the ruthenium red staining techniques. The ruthenium red staining technique visualized the whole structure of the statoconial membrane as well as the contact zone between the sensory epithelium and the statoconial membrane. The statoconial membrane is composed of the otoconial layer, gelatinous layer, and subcupular meshwork. The otoconial layer was interconnected with sensory epithelium by the gelatinous layer and subcupular meshwork which formed honeycomb structure and housed the sensory hair bundle. This may allow the free movement of the sensory hair bundle. The gelatinous layer and the subcupular meshwork contain N-acetylglucosamine, mannose, and galactose which form acidic mucopolysaccharide and glycoprotein. It has been indicated that these carbohydrate complex may play an important role for the mechanical coupling not only between the statoconial membrane and the sensory epithelium but also between the sensory hair bundle and the statoconial membrane.
Acoustic Maculae↗
Effect of acoustic overstimulation on the glycocalyx and the ciliary interconnections in the organ of Corti: high resolution scanning electron microscopic investigation.
Changes in ciliary interconnections in the organ of Corti are described after acoustic overstimulation using a special high resolution scanning electron microscope and tannic acid-osmium staining technique, giving an almost three dimensional view. Guinea pigs were exposed to a 3.85 kHz pure tone at an intensity of 120 dB for 22.5 minutes. The first detectable change was a disarrangement of the cilia with a loosening of the interconnections. The ciliary plasma membrane presented with an abnormally smooth appearance. The tip links connecting the tips of the stereocilia to their taller neighbours were also affected showing elongation or even disappearance. The fine granules which cover the tips of the tallest stereocilia of the outer hair cells were decreased. These findings suggest that acoustic overstimulation may affect the carbohydrate metabolism exceeding to degeneration of ciliary interconnections resulting in a disarrangement and detachment of cilia. The tip links, which may participate in sensory cell transduction, seem also to be affected by acoustic overstimulation.
Acoustic Stimulation↗
Automated spinal cord monitoring for spinal surgery.
A microcomputer-based automated spinal cord monitoring system was developed and 56 spinal operations have been carried out with it since 1986. The system comprises an electrodiagnostic system (Dantec 2000M), an FM tape recorder, a channel selector, an electrical relay, a Modem and a microcomputer which controls all of the elements. The program allowed for automated recording and analysis of evoked potentials during spinal surgery and alarm signals were generated according to the criteria of amplitude decrease and latency delay. It was demonstrated that automated spinal cord monitoring in the operating room was performed easily, reliably and safely allowing the surgeon to react quickly to possible compromise of the spinal cord. The design and usefulness of the system is described in this report.
Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted↗
A pathologic study of lumbar disc herniation in the elderly.
Twenty-nine fragments from herniated lumbar discs of patients over 60 years of age were studied pathohistologically. For comparison, 109 discs from patients under 59 years of age also were observed. They were classified into seven types according to their composition. In 70% of discs from patients between 60 and 69 and in 80% of discs from patients over 70, the fragments were composed of the anulus fibrosus and the cartilaginous end-plate. The authors concluded that the cartilaginous end-plate had avulsed from the vertebral body and herniated with the anulus fibrosus in these cases. This type of herniation occurs more often than herniation of the nucleus pulposus over 30, and may be most common in elderly patients because of their advanced disc degeneration.
Aged↗